Prevalence Of Brucellosis In Cattle Research Articles

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle of Rupandehi District, Nepal

Brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease affecting both cattle and humans, with notable economic and public health implications in Nepal. Despite previous studies indicating varying prevalence rates in different regions of the country, there is limited recent data on the status of Brucellosis in Rupandehi district. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Rupandehi district, Nepal, from 1st July to 30th September 2023. A total of 141 cattle blood samples from 92 farms were collected and tested using ID Screen® Brucellosis Indirect ELISA kits. Epidemiological survey was also conducted to gather information on risk factors associated with Brucellosis. All 141 blood samples were tested negative for Brucellosis, resulting in a seroprevalence rate of 0%. This study provides valuable data indicating a zero prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle of Rupandehi district, Nepal. This research doesn’t show any association for the prevalence of Brucellosis regarding the risk factor.

Prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and adopted control measures in South Africa from 2014 to 2019

Prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and adopted control measures in South Africa from 2014 to 2019

Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India: a meta-analysis

Background Bovine brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease that hinders production and is a vital public health concern. Even though brucellosis is one of the important diseases in India, the exact prevalence details of the disease are not known. Objective To derive an estimate of the prevalence of brucellosis in India. Material and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out by using PRISMA and MOOSE protocols. A total of 133 studies were taken from online sources and various publications. Among these, 69 studies were incorporated that include a total of 140908 bovines. The data were compiled from 1990 to 2019 around India. Results Pooled estimates of the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes were 16.6% (95% CI: 13.0, 21.1) and 14.2% (95% CI: 8.9, 21.8), respectively and in bovines was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.0, 18.8). The meta-analysis revealed that there was significant heterogeneity between the published studies. Conclusion As the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India is not known hence the present study will provide the knowledge on prevalence and epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in India and will be helpful for the government to make policy plans to control this disease in India.

Identification and Prevalence of Brucella Species Circulating among Cattle Slaughtered in the Douala and Buea Municipalities of Cameroon

Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting the livestock sector in low‐income countries. Cameroon, a lower‐middle‐income country in sub‐Saharan Africa, has reported the prevalence of brucellosis in regions where livestock rearing is the principal economic activity. However, the presence of the disease has not been reported in southern regions receiving cattle for consumption by their population. In addition, there is no report on the Brucella species circulating in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle slaughtered in the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses and identify the Brucella species circulating among these animals. A total of 576 cattle serum samples were collected from the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses and analysed by ELISA. Following the ELISA assay, all samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The bcsp31 gene primers were used for the genus‐specific PCR. All bcsp31‐positive samples were subjected to species‐specific PCR. Primers targeting the IS711 gene sequence were used to identify the abortus‐melitensis‐ovis‐suis species. The prevalence of brucellosis in both locations was 3.1% and 5.4% using the ELISA and PCR assays, respectively. Out of the 18 ELISA‐positive samples, 5 (27%) were positive with PCR, while 26 (4.7%) of the ELISA‐negative samples were positive with PCR. The Brucella species in circulation were identified using the Sanger sequencing technique. The sequences were 99.3% to 100% identical to the B. abortus strain BJ1‐23 and the B. abortus strain BJ1‐1 of the 31 kDa antigen (bcsp31) gene from India. This is the first report on the genotypic characterisation of Brucella species in Cameroon and confirms brucellosis in cattle at the Buea and Douala slaughterhouses.

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle under Different Management Systems in Mbale District, Eastern Region of Uganda

The research study was conducted on prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle under different management systems in Mbale District, Eastern Region of Uganda. The research design adopted was a purposive sampling. 48 respondents from different farms were selected using a random sampling to allow equal representation of the farms. The data were collected using both blood samples and questionnaires. A total of 78 serum samples collected from different cattle were serologically assessed using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT). The high sero-prevalence of 37.5% was recorded in female cows followed by male bulls (20.0%) and female calves (20.0%). Bull calves and heifers showed negative result with RBPT and SAT (0.0%). A total of 24(30.7%) and 22(28.2%) were recorded for RBPT and SAT respectively. However, although there was higher prevalence of Brucellosis in communal grazing than the rest of other grazing systems, there was no statistical significant difference between Brucellosis and grazing systems (p>0.05). Similarly, considering the type of breeding methods of fertilization, there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of breeding (artificial and natural insemination) methods and management system practiced (p<0.05). The study concluded that contamination of common grazing environment was due to aborted foetuses which is accompanied by shedding of large number of Brucella species and that there was lack of knowledge on the causative agents, as well as mode of transmission. The researchers recommend that cattle grazing systems that limit mixing of herds should be encouraged to reduce the contamination of common grazing environment.

​Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in Chhattisgarh Plains, India

Background: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease, which mostly affects cattle causing abortion and infertility and thereby huge economical loss. Hence, it is highly essential to assess the status of the disease through proper diagnostic methods and accordingly prevention strategies may be taken for control and eradication. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in plain zone of Chhattisgarh to record the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and to analyse its associated risk factors during April’ 2018-January’ 2019. A total of 920 bovine sera samples were collected from non-vaccinated cross bred and non-descriptive cattle through multistage sampling. All the sera samples were screened with RBPT and indirect ELISA for detection of anti-Brucella antibody. Result: The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle was found to be 21.3% (196/920) by i-ELISA and 14.24% (131/920) by RBPT. The risk association of several factors with the prevalence of brucellosis was figured through binary logistic regression analysis, where the risk of prevalence was higher among female cattle, in the Balod district and during winter season. The study indicated that sex, season and district has significant (p≤0.05) risk associated to the prevailing anti-Brucella antibody, which will further help in designing strategic prevention and control program of the disease.

Forecasting prevalence of brucellosis in cattle in transboundary territories of Russia and Kazakhstan

Forecasting prevalence of brucellosis in cattle in transboundary territories of Russia and Kazakhstan

Reasons behind the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Brucellosis is endemic in the Republic of Kazakhstan, particularly in agro-pastoral areas. The purpose of this research is to study the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in livestock recorded in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and to identify the reasons why anti-brucellosis measures were not effective. The research was performed on statistical data provided by the Republican Veterinary Laboratory (RVL), the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis touched upon the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants (sheep and goats) in 13 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2012–2016. Aside from that, Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems conducted screening assays that involved 11,889 samples of blood and tissues from said animals. The risks of developing Brucellosis were assessed for each particular region. The comparison of studies conducted in 2012–2016 reveals an increase in the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle in the following regions: West Kazakhstan, Karaganda Region and Pavlodar Region. For small ruminants, growing prevalence was observed in the Kostanay Region, Jambyl Region and Almaty Region. Between 2014 and 2016, the incidence rate had a growing trend, with a high in 2014 and 2015. The lowest prevalence rate during the following years (2012–2016) was in the Mangystau Region. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISE) test applied in the research among other tests provided the best results. The main risk factors involve epidemiology and sanitary measures, which are undertaken in the Republic of Kazakhstan, geography of the region with focuses of infection, and randomness of spread.

Prevalence and risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity in cattle in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda.

A survey involving 120 small-scale dairy farmers was carried out to assess risk factors associated with brucellosis in cattle from selected sectors of Nyagatare District, Rwanda. A sample of cattle from nine selected sectors of Nyagatare was tested for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Test. Of the respondents, 57.5% were unaware of brucellosis as a disease, 85.8% did not screen new additions to the herd for brucellosis and 82.5% did not remove brucellosis seropositive animals from the herd. The prevalence of brucellosis in herds with cows with no history of abortion was 38.5% and 17.0% in those with a history of abortion. None of the respondents disinfected abortion sites or vaccinated against brucellosis. The prevalence of brucellosis in cows with a history of retained placenta was 36% and 2% in those with no history of retained placenta. Of the respondents, 62.5% reportedly fed foetal membranes to dogs. About 65.8% of the respondents with brucellosis-positive animals reported a calving interval longer than 1 year. Katabagemu (28.6%) had the highest prevalence of brucellosis seropositivity while Karama had none. Brucellosis in cows (21.4%) was significantly higher than that in heifers (12.8%) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between heifers and bulls or between bulls and cows (p > 0.05). The occurrence of brucellosis in herds with 40–70 cattle (26.9%) was significantly greater than the 14.9% of herds with 10–39 cattle (p < 0.05). Seropositivity to brucellosis in cross-breed cattle (23.6%) was significantly greater than that in indigenous cattle (13.8%) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall prevalence of brucellosis in cattle from different grazing systems (p > 0.05). Seropositivity to brucellosis was significantly different (p < 0.05) between the fourth parity (32.5%) and first parity (14.3%) cows. The findings in this study confirmed the existence of brucellosis as a problem in Nyagatare and the authors recommend that farmer education on the epidemiology, risk factors and mitigation of the disease be undertaken as a matter of urgency.

The prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in ruminants in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco.

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and brucellosis are major endemic zoonoses in ruminants in Morocco that impact on both animal and human health. This study presents an assessment of the epidemiological and socioeconomic burden of bacterial zoonoses in Sidi Kacem Province in Northern Morocco from a cross-sectional survey of 125 cattle and/or small ruminant-owning households. In total, 1082 sheep and goats were examined from 81 households. The single intradermal comparative cervical test to screen for bovine tuberculosis was undertaken on 1194 cattle from 123 households and all cattle were blood sampled. Cattle and small ruminant sera were tested for brucellosis using the standard Rose Bengal Test (sRBT) and the modified Rose Bengal Test (mRBT). Bacteriology was performed on 21 milk samples obtained from cattle that were seropositive for brucellosis for isolation and phenotyping of circulating Brucella strains. Individual and herd prevalence for BTB in cattle of 20.4% (95% CI 18%-23%) and 57.7% (95% CI 48%-66%), respectively, were observed in this study. The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle at individual and herd level was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2%-2.8%) and 9% (95% CI 4.5%-1.5%), respectively. Brucella pathogens were isolated from three cattle milk samples and were identified as B. abortus using Bruceladder® multiplex PCR and B. abortus biovar 1 by classical phenotyping. All small ruminants were seronegative to sRBT, two were positive to mRBT. A higher risk of BTB and brucellosis was observed in cattle in intensive livestock systems, in imported and crossed breeds and in animals from larger herds (>15). The three risk factors were usually present in the same herds, leading to higher transmission risk and persistence of both zoonoses. These results highlight the importance of implementing control strategies for both BTB and brucellosis to reduce productivity losses and the risk of transmission to humans. Prioritising control for BTB and brucellosis in intensive livestock production systems is essential for human and animal health.

Estimating the prevalence of Brucellosis in cattle in Zimbabwe from samples submitted to the Central Veterinary Laboratory between 2010 and 2014.

Brucellosis is a disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella, which is endemic in sub-Saharan African countries, including Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe has a widespread dairy industry with peri-urban dairy establishments built in order to improve milk availability to rural communities. This study has been the first attempt to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in Zimbabwe as a whole, using samples submitted to the Central veterinary laboratory between 2010 and 2014. A total of 156 farms were tested with Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT) and Milk Ring Test (MRT). Parallel testing was used to determine whether or not a farm was to be considered positive: 30.1% (95% C.I.: 23.5% - 37.8%) of the farms tested were found positive (47/156). Harare district had the highest number of sample submissions with 6 out of 17 farms testing positive (P = 37.5%; 95% C.I.: 18.4% - 61.7%). Awareness of milk-borne zoonoses is reportedly generally low in farmers (41.5%). This is even more the case in small-holder farmers who have higher likelihoods of selling or ingesting raw milk compared with dairy farmers. The results show the need to carry out surveillance of brucellosis in cattle in Zimbabwe to understand the spatial distribution of the disease in the country. This is particularly relevant given the zoonotic and economic implications of this disease.

Seroepidemiological survey of bovine brucellosis in selected Fulani Herds in Kwara State, Nigeria

Objective: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella. It causes economic loss and ill health among animals and humans. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle particularly in White Fulani breed of cattle in Kwara State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A total of 120 blood samples were collected randomly from the cattle in Kwara State of Nigeria. Sera were separated from the blood samples. The serum was used for the identification of antibodies against Brucella present in it. Three screening tests namely Bovine Brucella Antibody Test (BBAT; ImmunoCombR), Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) were used for the identification purpose. Results: Based on BBAT, 13.3% (n=16/120) cattle were positive for brucellosis. Similary, 14.2% (n=17/120) and 3.3% (n=4/120 cattle were found to be positive for RBPT and SAT, respectively. The affected cattle were mainly of White Fulani breed with few cross-bred. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that brucella antibody is circulating in cattle examined in the study area. This calls for urgent public health intervention and routine screening of other domestic animals as well.

Bovine and human brucellosis in the Trans-Amazonian agricultural frontier, Uruará, Pará, Brazil

We evaluated the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and humans on properties characterized as family farms in the municipality of Uruará, state of Pará, located on the border of the Trans-Amazon Highway, in a serological study. We randomly sampled cattle and humans from 67 family farms. Cattle sera were tested with buffered acidified antigen and human samples were tested using the slow tube agglutination test (titration of 80 as a cutoff point). The prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 52% [90% CI: 42; 63]. The prevalence of households with at least one brucellosis positive individual was 21% [13; 31]. In households with at least one positive test, 23% of subjects were positive (range 8% and 50%). Five percent (21/422) of all human samples tested were positive. This high exposure rate in humans is a result of high cattle infection rates. We expect that in regions of Brazilian with a high prevalence of bovine brucellosis, there is also a high rate human exposure; however, few human cases have been reported. This is likely because of the largely non-specific symptoms of human Brucella abortus infections. Hopefully this study will bring about new information to public and animal health authorities involved in formulating policies aimed at decreasing disease prevalence.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in western Uttar Pradesh, India

The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes of western Uttar Pradesh, India and possible risk factors associated with it. Blood samples collected from 1,019 animals (dairy cattle and buffaloes) of different age and sex from 17 districts of western Uttar Pradesh, India where no vaccination against brucellosis is practiced were subjected to indirect ELISA for detection of Brucella antibodies. The overall mean seropositivity was 12.37% with seropositivity in unorganized and organized farms 4.08% and 24.88%, respectively. The young calves were having significantly higher seropositivity (10.38%) and it further increased in sexually matured adults (12.71%) in comparison to older animals (9.17%). Overall seropositivity and risk factors logistic regression analyses showed that species and farming type (organized and unorganized) had significant effect and sex of animals and their age group had no significant effect on the positivity of brucellosis. In absence of any vaccination presence of circulating antibodies against Brucella in all age group of animals indicated the natural circulation of infection in the state. Study indicated an urgent need of policy for prevention and control of brucellosis in dairy animals.

English

&nbsp; Brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Despite its control program,&nbsp; the disease is endemic in Iran and remains one of the most important public health problems. The aim&nbsp; of this survey was to determine the seroprovalence of brucellosis in livestock animals in Sarab City,&nbsp; Iran. A total of 1500 animals (600 cattle, 740 sheep and 160 goats) were examined for brucellosis from&nbsp; February 2007 to September 2008. The examined animals were divided into two sex groups (male and&nbsp; female). Moreover cattle were divided into four breed groups (Holstein, Brown Swiss, Native and Mixed).&nbsp; Serological examinations including Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and&nbsp; 2-mercaptoethanol test (2ME) were performed on serum samples obtained from examined animals. In&nbsp; overall, out of 1500 blood samples 61 (4.06%) were positive for brucellosis. The prevalence of&nbsp; brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats were found 3.66, 4.18 and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates&nbsp; of brucellosis in different breeds of cattle, Holstein, Brown Swiss, native and mixed breeds were&nbsp; determined as: 4.72, 2.22, 2.50 and 3.75%, respectively. The prevalence rates of the disease in male and&nbsp; female animals were determined as follows: Male cattle, 1.53%, female cattle, 3.92%, male sheep, 2.8%,&nbsp; female sheep, 4.89%, male goats, 2.22%, and female goats, 6.08%. There were differences in the&nbsp; prevalences of brucellosis in different breeds and sexes of examined animals however statistically were&nbsp; not significant (P&gt;0.05, X 2&nbsp; &lt;3.84). The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of&nbsp; brucellosis in livestock animals in Sarab City is relatively high and effective control program of the&nbsp; disease should be recommended. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Key words: Brucellosis, Sarab, prevalence, livestock.&nbsp

Herd prevalence of bovine brucellosis and analysis of risk factors in cattle in urban and peri-urban areas of the Kampala economic zone, Uganda

BackgroundHuman brucellosis has been found to be prevalent in the urban areas of Kampala, the capital city of Uganda. A cross-sectional study was designed to generate precise information on the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and risk factors for the disease in its urban and peri-urban dairy farming systems.ResultsThe adjusted herd prevalence of brucellosis was 6.5% (11/177, 95% CI: 3.6%-10.0%) and the adjusted individual animal prevalence was 5.0% (21/423, 95% CI: 2.7% - 9.3%) based on diagnosis using commercial kits of the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) for Brucella abortus antibodies. Mean within-herd prevalence was found to be 25.9% (95% CI: 9.7% - 53.1%) and brucellosis prevalence in an infected herd ranged from 9.1% to 50%. A risk factor could not be identified at the animal level but two risk factors were identified at the herd level: large herd size and history of abortion. The mean number of milking cows in a free-grazing herd (5.0) was significantly larger than a herd with a movement restricted (1.7, p < 0.001).ConclusionsVaccination should be targeted at commercial large-scale farms with free-grazing farming to control brucellosis in cattle in and around Kampala city.

Serological investigations on brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Iran.

Summary: The prevalence of brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats in Iran was investigated serologically during the years 1970-1984. The number of serum sam­ ples tested in this period was 175 676 from cattle and 110 817 from sheep and goats. The percentages of seropositive samples were 17.6% for cattle and 14.7% for sheep and goats. The results obtained demonstrate the value of the simul­ taneous use of various serological tests to provide accurate interpretation.