Prevalence Of Breast Self-examination Research Articles

Awareness regarding breast cancer amongst women in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common cause of cancer death in Pakistan. In 2019, Pakistan saw the highest global BCa-associated death rate. But do Pakistani women know about the various aspects of BCa? And how prevalent are BCa screening methods amongst Pakistani females? These questions formed the basis for our study. We conducted this review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. On September 1, 2023, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and performed a citation search to search for eligible studies published in 2010 or after, using the following terms: "breast cancer" and "Pakistan". Observational studies that evaluated BCa awareness and/or practice amongst Pakistani females who were not associated with medicine were eligible. We used the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool to assess the risk of bias. We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to calculate pooled prevalences for variables. Responses from 9766 Pakistani women across 18 included studies showed alarmingly low levels of BCa knowledge: risk factors, 42.7% (95% CI: 34.1%-51.4%); symptoms, 41.8% (95% CI: 26.2%-57.5%); diagnostic modalities, 36.3% (95% CI: 23.1%-49.4%); treatments, 46.6% (95% CI: 13.5%-79.8%). Prevalence of breast self-examination (BSE) and ever having undergone a clinical breast exam (CBE) was 28.7% (95% CI: 17.9%-39.6%) and 15.3% (95 CI: 11.2%-19.4%), respectively. BCa knowledge was significantly associated with better educational status, age, and socioeconomic status. On average, only two in five Pakistani women are aware of one or more risk factors, symptoms, or diagnostic modalities. Approximately one in two women know about possible BCa treatment. Less than one in three women practice regular BSE, and less than one in five women have ever undergone a CBE.

Breast self-examination among older women in Ireland: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing -TILDA

Abstract Background Regular breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, cost-effective way of early breast cancer detection, particularly for women outside eligible screening age and for interval cancers. Although mammographic screening is the current most effective breast screening tool, the importance of regular BSE and breast awareness may be overlooked. The study aimed to identify socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors associated with BSE practice among women in Ireland. Methods This study was conducted using Wave 4 data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), which collects health-related information from people aged 50 plus in biennial data collection waves. Those women aged 50-64 (eligible breast screening age in 2016) were selected. Following univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was performed on selected variables to determine the factors independently associated with BSE practice. Results The prevalence of BSE was 70.7%. There was no significant association found between socio-demographic, lifestyle or health related factors and BSE. On logistic regression analysis, family history of cancer was not found to be associated with increased practice of BSE (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.79-1.31, p = 0.86). Having attended for mammogram showed a non-significant reduction in the likelihood of doing BSE (Adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58-1.02, p = 0.07). Conclusions There are few studies on BSE from developed countries and this is the first from Ireland. BSE prevalence was 61%, 22.6% and 46.8% from Canada, United Kingdom and United States respectively, and was considerably lower from Asian and African countries. Women in this study were more educated than the general population counterparts, this might have overestimated BSE prevalence and obscured true associations. While we did not identify significant associations there is a suggestion that attending for mammography reduces women's interest in BSE. Key messages Being ‘Breast Aware’ and BSE are important alongside mammography for early detection of breast cancer. In countries where screening mammography is unavailable, BSE is an important detection tool.

Assessment of breast self- examination practice and associated factors among female workers in Debre Tabor Town public health facilities, North West Ethiopia, 2018: Cross- sectional study.

BackgroundAlthough breast Self-Examination is no longer tenable as a standard method to detect early breast cancer, world health organization recommends breast self -examination for raising awareness of women about breast cancer. Secondary prevention through monthly breast self-examination is the best option to tackle the rising incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess breast self -examination practice and associated factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from April 23 to May 23, 2018. A total of 421 female workers in Debre Tabor Town public health facilities were included. The study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique from the study population. The collected data were checked for completeness. The data were entered and cleaned using EpiData version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Crude odd ratio and probability value were identified for each independent variable and all independent variables with probability value of less than 0.2 were entered into multivariables logistic regression. Statistically significant associated factors were identified based on probability value (p-value) less than 0.05 and adjusted odd ratio with 95% confidence interval.ResultThe mean age of participants was 25.2 (S.D = 4.12) and 137 (32.5%) of the participants had practiced breast self -examination and 64 (15.2%) of them performed it monthly. Family history of breast cancer (adjusted OR = 6.5, CI = 1.54–21.4), Knowledge about breast -self examination (adjusted OR = 5.74, CI = 2.3–14.4) and self- efficacy in practicing breast self -examination (adjusted OR = 4.7, CI = 1.84–12.11) were significantly associated with breast self -examination practice.ConclusionsThe study showed that the prevalence of breast self-examination was low. Family history of breast cancer, knowledge about breast self -examination and self- efficacy in practicing breast self- examination did have statistically significant association with breast self—examination practice.

Study on the Awareness of Breast Cancer and Prevalence of Breast Self-Examination among Urban Women in Chennai

Study on the Awareness of Breast Cancer and Prevalence of Breast Self-Examination among Urban Women in Chennai

Barriers of breast self-examination: A review study from Iranian researchers

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a valuable technique in the detection of this cancer. Despite the relative benefit of BSE, its use remains low. This study aimed to investigate and discover the barriers of breast self-examination.Materials and Methods: In this review study, an online search among articles published from 2000 to 2016 was conducted through CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, SID, Iran Medex, Magiran and Google scholar databases using key words; “Breast self-examination”, “Barriers of breast self-examination”, Breast cancer” and “Examination”. The protocol of York University Guide was used to select the articles.Results: In total, 15 articles were used from 35 articles that were initially obtained from the search, from which, 8 were Iranian articles and the rest were non-Iranian articles. The articles indicated that, barriers of BSE can be divided into the factors related to knowledge, cultural factors (shame), psychological factors (fear and anxiety), and demographic and environmental factors, which according to the articles, the share of lack of knowledge was much higher than the rest.Conclusion: The analysis of articles showed that, the prevalence of breast self-examination was low and self-examination of breast was not done properly, which was related to the lack of knowledge. Therefore, choosing an appropriate method of education could eliminate the barriers to BSC. In this regard, mass media have an important and essential role.

Breast self-examination practices in Nigerian women attending a tertiary outpatient clinic.

The morbidity and mortality caused by breast cancer can be decreased by early detection with breast self-examination (BSE). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors determining the practice of BSE. The study was conducted on 140 women aged above 18 years who presented consecutively in a General Outpatient's clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was the baseline study from an intervention study which looked at the effect of demonstration of BSE on improving Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) among two groups of respondents. Structured questionnaires were validated and administered by an interviewer and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12. The overall self-reported prevalence of BSE practice was 62.1% among the respondents. Older women (16, 76.2%), married women (63, 65.6%) and women with tertiary education (51, 68.9%) had the highest prevalence of BSE practice. Prevalence rate was highest for civil servant (25, 78.1%), P = 0.04. The practice of BSE was higher among women with a previous history of breast disease (15, 68.2%) and in respondents with a family history of breast disease (7, 63.6%), Only 11 (12.6%) performed BSE as per guidelines, which was once in a month. The prevalence of BSE was found to be high, especially in those with tertiary education and in those with a past personal or family history of breast disease. In resource-constrained countries, BSE is a screening tool that can be employed to help reduce the breast cancer burden because routine mammography screening is not yet feasible. Women need to be informed about the when and how to perform BSE.

Practicing breast self-examination among women attending primary health care in Kuwait

BackgroundDespite the benefits associated with breast self-examination (BSE), few women perform it and many do not even know how to perform it. ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify the proportion of women practicing BSE, factors that could affect its performance and explore women’s awareness about its practice steps. MethodsThe study design can be differentiated into two components. The first was a cross-sectional survey to determine the prevalence of BSE. Recruitment efforts resulted in 510 women. BSE was practiced by 109. The second component of the study was a case-control study to identify factors associated with BSE, whereas practicing subjects (control) were compared with a randomly selected similar number of non-practicing females (cases). ResultsThe prevalence of BSE was 21%. Most of the socio-demographic variables have no significant effect on the practice of BSE. Practicing women had sufficient level of knowledge about BSE, clinical breast examination, and mammography. They believed significantly that bloody discharge from the nipple, presence of masses in the breasts, abnormal arm swelling, nipple retraction and discoloration of the breast were signs and symptoms of breast cancer. About 35% of practicing women in the current study performed correctly ⩽6 steps out of 12 steps. ConclusionOnly 21% of women attending PHC had ever practiced BSE. Even a high proportion of them were not aware of the correct steps of the procedure. Health education programs are essential to encourage and improve women’s practice of BSE.

Factors associated to the correct practice of breast self examination.

Objective. To determine the factors associated with the correct execution of breast self examination (BSE) in adult women from Tunja, Boyaca (Colombia). 
 Methodology. Cross sectional epidemiological study, carried out in 2009 using a multi-stage randomized stratified sampling. 810 women were chosen and a survey about frequency, opportunity and technique used in the execution of the BSE was applied. 
 Results. Life prevalence of the BSE execution was just 27.8%, out of which just 6.2% had a correct technique. The main factors found significantly associated with the correct execution of BSE were: Having learned and mechanized a regular and systematic technique, secondary or higher education, and having knowledge about breast cancer. 
 Conclusion. The prevalence of BSE is low in the studied women, in just a little percentage it is done correctly. Strengthening education in health and motivating women to make it an opportune and regular practice are some of the actions should be considered in the health organizations.

Cancer screening practices of adult survivors of retinoblastoma at risk of second cancers

The aim of the current study was to investigate the pattern of cancer screening behavior in adult retinoblastoma survivors, who are at high risk of developing second cancers. Self-reported cancer screening practices were investigated in a cohort of retinoblastoma survivors to evaluate whether they were receiving adequate screening for specific cancers and compare these rates with those of other adult survivors of childhood cancer and the general population. The prevalence of breast self-examination, clinical breast examination, mammography, Papanicolaou (Pap) test, testicular self-examination, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scanning was determined from computer-aided telephone interviews with 836 retinoblastoma survivors aged >18 years. Among female survivors, 87% had a Pap test within the past 2 years, and 76% of females age >40 years reported having a mammogram within the past 2 years; 17.4% of male survivors had performed monthly testicular self-examinations. A significantly higher proportion of hereditary compared with nonhereditary survivors reported having undergone an MRI or CT scan in the past 5 years. Higher education, greater contact with the medical care system, and having a second cancer were found to be associated positively with most screening practices. Cancer screening practices reported by retinoblastoma survivors were similar to national screening rates for breast, cervical, and testicular cancer. To the authors' knowledge, the current study provides the first report of cancer screening practices of retinoblastoma survivors. Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma should be encouraged to maintain, if not increase, their current screening practices to ensure early detection of second cancers in this high-risk population.

Condutas na prevenção secundária do câncer de mama e fatores associados

To evaluate the prevalence of secondary prevention of breast cancer and associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Pelotas, southeastern Brazil, in 2002. The study sample comprised 879 women aged 40 to 69 years. Information was collected on demographic, social, economic, behavioral, biological and care management variables. Statistical analysis based on Poisson regression model was carried out. The prevalence of breast self-examination (BSE) was 83.5% (95% CI: 80.9-85.9). Of them, 80.4% (95% CI: 77.3-83.2) carried out BSE at least once a month. The prevalence of clinical breast examination was 83.3% (95% CI: 80.6-85.7). Mammography was occasionally performed in 70% (95% CI: 66.8-73.0) of the sample. Of these women, 83.7% (95% CI: 80.5-86.6) underwent mammography at least once in the last two years. Sixty-two percent (95% CI: 58.7-65.2) of the women interviewed attended a gynecological visit at least once in the last year. The factors mainly associated to the high prevalence of secondary prevention of breast cancer were: higher social status; greater association of risk factors for breast cancer; family history of breast cancer; hormone replacement therapy and previous breast biopsy or surgery. Preventive measures for breast cancer have been widely taken in the study sample; however, data points out to some limitations related to efficacy. Social and economic status seems to be a major determinant to gynecological care access and, consequently, access to secondary prevention of breast cancer.