Prevalence Of Anxiety In People Research Articles

Anxiety and Associated Factors Among Clients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) in Public Hospitals of Southern Ethiopia: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.

Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling of fear, apprehension, and nervousness without any apparent stimulus. Anxiety is one of the co-morbidities that are often overlooked in treating patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Anxiety is worse among people with HIV/AIDS than the general population. Few studies have been conducted on prevalence of anxiety in people receiving antiretroviral treatment and limited evidence is available on its associated factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude and associated factors of anxiety among clients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. Simple random sampling method was used to recruit study participants. Data collection was done by using a structured questionnaire regarding medical data related to HIV/AIDS. Seven items of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were also used to measure the anxiety level. Oslo social support scale and perceived stigma scale were used to measure social support and stigma respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed with 95% CI to identify different explanatory variables. Significance was declared at p<0.05. Multi-collinearity was checked by variance inflation factors and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to check model fitness. Prevalence of anxiety among clients on HAART in selected public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia was found to be 25.6%. Females (AOR=3.24, 95% CI [1.32, 7.97]), being widowed (AOR=5.47, 95% CI [1.08, 29.72], monthly income 1425-2280 Ethiopian birr (AOR=7.29, 95% CI [2.55, 20.88]), comorbid conditions (AOR=5.47, 95% CI [1.92, 15.62]), perceived stigma (AOR=8.34, 95% CI [3.49, 19.91]) were factors associated with anxiety. Approximately one-fourth of participants living with HIV/AIDS had anxiety. Being female, widowed, medium income, comorbid conditions, and perceived stigma were significantly associated with anxiety. This finding highlights the importance of mental health assessment, early detection and treatment of anxiety as an integral component of HIV/AIDS care.

Anxiety Disorders in Children With Learning Disabilities (LD) and Autism (ASD)

Purpose: Children and young people with learning disabilities (LD) and autism are more prone to experience mental health problems compared to people with LD but without autism. Children and young people with LD and autism may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; howe ver, this is not supported with research evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety in people with ID and autism. The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (FPLD, 2002; Emerson, 2003; Allington - Smith, 2006). Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism (Bouras et al., 1999; Kraijer, 1997) on the other hand, nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004) The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley et al, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems (Morgan et al., 2003). Method: This article provides an overview of the clinical implications of anxiety disorders within the context of learning disability and autismFindings: It is suggested that children and young people with LD and autism spectrum disorder may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in people with LD and autism. There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. The presence of anxiety in individuals with LD and autism has rarely been studied and is the focus of this study.

Factors affecting anxiety in multiple sclerosis

Purpose: Anxiety is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Little is known about the factors related to anxiety. The aim was to identify factors associated with the presence of anxiety. Methods: This was a cohort study. Participants were sent questionnaires to measure factors potentially related to anxiety. The factors included disability, depression, self-efficacy, locus of control, general stress, psychological distress and factors specific to MS. Participants with significant levels of anxiety, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), were compared to those who were not anxious. Results: Of the 157 participants who took part, 89 (57%) were clinically anxious. Participants who were anxious had a lower level of self-efficacy (p < 0.001), higher level of disability (p < 0.001), higher level of depression (p < 0.001) and higher level of stress (p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that experiencing depression (χ2 = 5.05, OR = 1.32, p < 0.05) was the only factor that significantly predicted whether someone was anxious or not, accounting for 46% of the variance. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anxiety in people with MS. Depression, low levels of self-efficacy, disability and stress increased the likelihood of experiencing anxiety.Implications for RehabilitationAnxiety and depression are common in people with multiple sclerosis.It is important to identify people experiencing anxiety as it can affect their ability to engage in rehabilitation.Peoples’ perception of their disability can have a significant impact on mood.Rehabilitation programmes should incorporate ways of raising peoples’ self-efficacy.

Prevalence of anxiety disorder in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism

Purpose – Children and young people with co‐morbid intellectual disabilities and autism are more prone to experience mental health problems compared to people with intellectual disabilities but without autism. Children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this is not supported with research evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety in people with intellectual disabilities and autism. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of anxiety disorders in children and young people with intellectual disabilities and autism.Design/methodology/approach – In total, 150 children and young people (age range of 5‐18 years) from a metropolitan district in the North of England were screened for anxiety using the Reiss Scales for Children's Dual Diagnosis and the Glasgow Anxiety Scale.Findings – The results indicate that the prevalence of anxiety was 32.6 per cent for children and young peopl...