Prevalence Of Alopecia Areata Research Articles

THE PATTERN AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF ALOPECIA AREATA. PANORAMIC REVIEW: UPDATE AND ADVANCES ON ETIOPATHOGENESIS, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS, COMPLICATIONS, MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS IN TREATMENT 2023

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic disorder in which the immune system affects the hair follicles, nails, and occasionally, the retinal pigment epithelium. The characteristic manifestation of alopecia areata encompasses isolated, smooth, non-scarring surfaces of hair loss on the scalp or anywhere with hair growth. Objective: to detail the current information related to alopecia areata, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and complications of the condition. Methodology: a total of 48 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 32 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant for this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: alopecia areata, hair loss, hair follicles, hair loss, Janus kinase. Results: The lifetime risk of presenting alopecia areata is approximately 2%, it is the second most frequent non-scarring alopecia, after male and female pattern alopecia. So far no study has shown whether the prevalence of alopecia areata is different between ethnic groups. The first appearance of this alteration is more common between the third and fourth decades of life, however it can occur in any age group. Recent evidence suggests that the origin of the condition is autoimmune, with a significant genetic contribution. This alteration is related to medical and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, anxiety and different autoimmune disorders. Conclusions: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that generates a sudden and uneven hair loss, affecting any area of the body. Recently, alopecia areata has been interpreted as an autoimmune disease with a genetic substrate. The hair follicles do not suffer permanent damage, which is positive because of the possibility of regrowth. It is of vital importance to know the etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of the condition. At the moment there is no cure for alopecia areata, however the use of some medications has contributed to the improvement of the symptomatology, there are multiple treatment options available. More studies are needed to treat this condition more adequately. KEY WORDS: alopecia areata, hair follicles, hair loss, Janus kinase.

Incidence and prevalence of alopecia areata in the Australian primary care setting: A retrospective analysis of electronic health record data.

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common immune-mediated non-scarring hair loss, with a worldwide incidence between 0.57% and 3.8%. The incidence and prevalence of AA in the Australian general population have not been previously reported. To describe the incidence and prevalence of AA in Australia using primary care data. A secondary objective was to identify common demographic characteristics, comorbidities and treatment patterns among Australians living with AA. We analysed electronic health record data captured from a national clinical practice management software over a 10-year index period between 2011 and 2020 calendar years, inclusive. The incidence of new-onset AA and the prevalence of active records with AA were estimated. Differences in incidence by sociodemographic groups, and patterns of treatment were also evaluated. There were 976 incident AA records. The incidence of new-onset AA in the total study cohort was 0.278 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 0.26-0.295). By age, the incidence was highest in the 19- to 34-year-old age bracket (0.503 per 1000 person-years: 95% CI 0.453-0.554). AA incidence was lower among females than males (IRR 0.763, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.673-0.865). Among active records, 520 were prevalent AA records. AA point prevalence at 31/12/2020 was 0.13% (1.26 per 1000 persons; 95% CI 1.15-1.37). This is the first study to describe the epidemiology (incidence and point prevalence) and management of AA in the Australian primary health-care population through large-scale database analysis. Incidence and prevalence findings were consistent with earlier estimates from other regions.

Prevalence of alopecia areata in Japan: Estimates from a nationally representative sample.

Data on the prevalence of alopecia areata (AA) in Japan is limited and the epidemiology of the disease there is not well understood; therefore, it is critical to examine the prevalence and severity of AA in Japan to inform the need for future treatments and research. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in Japan from January through March 2021. A total of 45 006 participants were identified through general population survey panels and asked about their experience with AA and hair loss. The Alopecia Assessment Tool and the Scalp Hair Assessment PROTM were adopted to screen for history of AA and assess disease severity, respectively. Eligible participants submitted photos of their scalp, which were reviewed by three board-certified dermatologists to evaluate the presence and severity of AA. Prevalence and severity estimates were calculated using participants' self-reported data and verified through the dermatologists' assessments. The participant-reported point prevalence of AA was 2.18%. The adjusted point prevalence following physician adjudication using participant-submitted photos was 1.45%. Topical corticosteroids were the most commonly used treatments, with 34.6% of participants diagnosed with AA reported having ever used them. Participants also reported negative impacts on their mood (70.2%), self-esteem (55.8%), and social interactions (48.9%). Despite the social and emotional impact of hair loss, more than one third of those reporting a physician diagnosis of AA were not currently seeking treatment. The current study identified an estimated prevalence of AA in Japan between 1.45% and 2.18% based on the survey results and physician-adjudication of those findings. Considering the impactful psychological burden of AA, the survey results showing that 38.90% of surveyed patients do not currently seek treatment may indicate an unmet need for remedies.

Prevalence of Alopecia Areata and associated diseases in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Alopecia Areata and associated diseases in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia

Alopecia areata in Black African patients: epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects

Background: The aim was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of alopecia areata in Black African patients. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Dermatology and Venerology Department of the University Hospital Center of Treichville over a 5-year. Results: The prevalence of alopecia areata was 0.2%. The mean age was 24.6 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.47. Stress preceding the symptomatology was found in 3 cases. As for the clinical distribution, there were 25 cases of plaque-type alopecia areata, 10 cases of total descending alopecia areata, and 7 cases of universal alopecia areata. There was no nail damage and no associated pathologies. Local treatment only was administered in 31 cases, local and systemic treatment in 8 cases, and systemic treatment only in 3 cases. Conclusions: Alopecia areata predominates in young male populations and pathologies associated with alopecia are very rare.

Prevalence of Alopecia Areata in Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder worldwide that affects the hair. Population differences have been observed in disease prevalence and clinical features, but no studies have examined AA prevalence at a large scale. In Saudi Arabia, information is lacking about AA characteristics.ObjectivesA quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess AA prevalence, characteristics, and gender differences in Saudi Arabia.Materials and methodsThe study has used a validated Arabic questionnaire that targeted Saudi Arabia residents with a history of AA.A validated Arabic questionnaire was used to target Saudi Arabia residents with a history of AA, and the data collection instrument and written informed consent were distributed on Twitter and Facebook after permission from the Institutional Review Board. Prior to the study, accuracy validation for correct diagnosis by participants was performed in a 50-volunteer pilot test, which indicated an acceptable level of 96% accuracy. The questionnaire included high-quality images of different AA types and the collected data focused on variables such as the age of onset, affected body parts, treatment type, and family history of AA.ResultsA total of 5,362 participants returned completed questionnaires, of whom 741 (13.8%) had experienced AA at least once in their lives. Most were aged 11-30 years (69%), and the mean age of diagnosis was 18.6 years. Thirty-six percent (36%) of those with AA reported having a first-degree relative with the disease, and cross-sectional prevalence was 5.2%. Three-hundred fifty-nine (359; 18.9%) males and 382 (11%) females had AA. Twenty-nine point four percent (29.4%) of AA patients recovered in less than three months of AA onset, and 59.4% recovered in less than one year.ConclusionAA prevalence in Saudi Arabia is higher than in Western countries with a lower age of onset than in the former. AA affected males more than females and the mean age of onset was lower in the latter. Both male gender and young age of onset implied a worse prognosis.

Prevalence of pediatric alopecia areata among 572,617 dermatology patients

To the Editor: The authors initiated this retrospective analysis to evaluate the prevalence, age, and sex of pediatric patients with alopecia areata (AA) and the impact that pediatric AA has on a typical dermatology practice. Billing data from Leavitt Medical Associates of Florida, doing business under the name Advanced Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, was collected from offices throughout Florida and Ohio, and 572,617 dermatology patients were identified. The study population included 71,951 pediatric patients (1-17 years of age): 33,800 boys and 37,791 girls. Of all 572,617 dermatology patients, 3633 had AA (0.63%). Of 71,951 pediatric patients, 656 had AA. Girls (n = 365) outnumbered boys (n = 291) (P = .004) with a ratio of 1.25:1. Overall, pediatric patients with AA were 18.1% (656/3633) of all patients with AA and 11.9% (656/5520) of all patients with any hair abnormality. Pediatric AA patients represented 0.1% (656/572,617) of all patients and 0.9% (656/71,591) of pediatric patients. The prevalence distribution of both sexes resembled a bell-shaped curve, with boys peaking at 12 years of age and girls peaking at 9 years of age (Fig 1). To compare the prevalence of AA among different age groups, the patients were divided into 3 broad groups: toddlers (1-5 years of age), children (6-11 years of age), and adolescents (12-17 years of age). Table I shows the prevalence of AA in these age groups.Table INumbers and rates of alopecia areata patients and patients with hair disorders by demographicAge, yearsSexPatients, NPatients with AA, NPatients with hair disorder, NAA patients, N/1000 patientsAA patients, N/1000 patients with hair disorder1-5Male4253142553.354.9Female4318283416.582.1Total8571425964.970.56-11Male12,3901239199.9133.8Female13,32516693612.5177.4Total25,715289188511.2155.812-17Male17,15715415369100.3Female20,14817115338.5111.5Total37,30532530698.7105.91-17Male33,80029127108.6107.4Female37,79136528109.7129.9Total71,59165655209.2118.81-80Total572,617363351,1936.371.0AA, Alopecia areata. Open table in a new tab AA, Alopecia areata. In 2004, Stern estimated that 9598 total US office-based dermatologists see 47,990,000 dermatology patients per year, with the average dermatologist seeing ∼5000 patients per year.1Stern R.S. Dermatologists and office-based care of dermatologic disease in the 21st century.J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2004; 9: 126-130Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (62) Google Scholar Given our prevalence of a diagnosis of AA in 0.63% (3633/572,617) of dermatology patients of all ages, we estimate that 302,337 patients with AA visit US dermatology practices each year. A 1992 study reported a similar nationwide prevalence of 306,000 AA patients.2Safavi K. Prevalence of alopecia areata in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Arch Dermatol. 1992; 128: 702Crossref PubMed Scopus (176) Google Scholar Our study found that pediatric AA patients represented 18.1% of AA patients of all ages. Thus, we estimate that ∼54,000 pediatric AA patients visit dermatology offices per year. McMichael et al reported that 16% of total visits for AA involved patients 0-19 years of age,3McMichael A.J. Pearce D.J. Wasserman D. et al.Alopecia in the United States: outpatient utilization and common prescribing patterns.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007; 57: S49-S51Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar and Safavi et al found that 27.7% of 292 AA patients were 0-19 years of age.4Safavi K.H. Muller S.A. Suman V.J. Moshell A.N. Melton 3rd, L.J. Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989.Mayo Clin Proc. 1995; 70: 628-633Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (449) Google Scholar The rate of 5000 dermatology patients per year per dermatologist noted above can be viewed as 21 patients per day (assuming a 5-day work week 52 weeks/year) or 1000 patients in ∼2.4 months.3McMichael A.J. Pearce D.J. Wasserman D. et al.Alopecia in the United States: outpatient utilization and common prescribing patterns.J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007; 57: S49-S51Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (39) Google Scholar On the basis of our data, pediatric patients represent 126 of these 1000 patients; 10 of 126 will have a hair condition, and 1 of 126 will have AA. Thus, on average, 1 pediatric patient with AA will appear for treatment at a private dermatology office in the United States every 2.4 months; this single AA patient is 1.25 times more likely to be a girl than a boy.

Association among Thyroid Dysfunction, Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in Children with Alopecia Areata.

BACKGROUND:Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss, which typically starts quickly. Atopy is one of the possible predisposing risk factors for this condition.AIM:This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disease, atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases in children with alopecia areata and compare the results with healthy individuals.METHODS:This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with alopecia areata, diagnosed by a dermatologist, and 150 healthy individuals as the control group. Participants filled the questionnaires, and necessary tests were performed.RESULTS:In this study, the mean age of the participants was 2.55 ± 14.26 and 3.19 ± 11.92 in the case and control groups, respectively. Prevalence of asthma was 22% in the case group and 12.5% in control group (P = 0.109). Also, allergic rhinitis and eczema were observed in 20% and 22% of the subjects of the case group, whereas they were reported to be 8% and 10% in the control group (PV = 0.03 and 0.175, respectively). Moreover, 28% and 8% of the participants in the case and control groups had a family history of atopy and allergic disorders, respectively (P = 0.046). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding gender, type of delivery and contact with animals.CONCLUSIONS:According to the results of this study, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of alopecia areata and atopic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and history of atopic dermatitis.

Alopecia areata in China: a survey on prevalence in 6 cities.

Objective To estimate the prevalence of alopecia areata in mainland China by a survey of multi-regional populations.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in 6 cities from 6 provinces in mainland China.Cluster sampling method was used.Subjects were required to fulfill a self-reported questionnaire and to receive physical examination by dermatologists.EpiData and SPSS 10.0 analysis system were used for statistical analysis.Results Totally,19 974 questionnaires were delivered,and 17 345 valid questionnaires were returned with the response rate being 86.84%.Alopecia areata was diagnosed in 47 subiects in total,yielding a prevalence of 0.27% and standardized prevalence of 0.24%.In males,the prevalence of alopecia areata was 0.38%,which was significantly higher than that in females (0.18%)(x2=6.53,P 0.05).Conclusion Based on this survey,the overall prevalence of aiopecia areata is 0.27% in the 6 Chinese cities.Aiso,men have a higher prevalence of alopecia areata than women do. Key words: Alopecia areata; Prevalence; Research

A prospective survey of pediatric dermatology clinic patients in Kuwait: an analysis of 10,000 cases.

Skin diseases are common in children. However, only a very few prospective epidemiologic surveys are available in the literature. The present survey was directed at determining the spectrum and pattern of skin diseases of children in Kuwait. A total of 10,000 consecutive new patients were studied; 96% were children of Arab descent. A female preponderance (52%) was observed, and infants constituted the largest group within the patient population (28.7%). A total of 162 dermatoses were recorded. Atopic dermatitis was the most prevalent dermatosis (31.3%), followed by viral warts (13.1%), alopecia areata (6.7%), pityriasis alba (5.25%), psoriasis (4%), and diaper dermatitis (4%). Atopic dermatitis was the most frequently seen dermatosis in children of all age groups, whereas, viral warts were more prevalent in school-age children. The prevalence of alopecia areata and psoriasis was higher than reported earlier in other ethnic groups. A female preponderance was seen in children with alopecia areata, psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, contact dermatitis, and pityriasis rosea. Dermatitis, superficial cutaneous infections, and nevi/nevoid disorders were the important groups studied.