Prevalence Of Abnormal Pap Smears Research Articles

Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in women attending gynecological clinic in Al-Kadhimya hospital in 2022-2023

Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear in women attending gynecological clinic in Al-Kadhimya hospital in 2022-2023

Abnormal Pap smear among pregnant women - Feasibility of opportunistic cervical screening.

The uptake of cervical cancer screening is poor, especially in developing countries. Thus, pregnancy represents a good opportunity to have the test done. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among pregnant women during their antenatal check-ups. A prospective study involving five hundred and ninety-six women was recruited over a 1-year duration from 15th January 2018 until 14th January 2019 in a tertiary referral center, in Malaysia. Pap smears were performed on all consented pregnant women using liquid-based cytology and the results were obtained to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy. Maternal risk factors associated with abnormal Pap smear were identified and the outcomes of abnormal Pap smear were followed up. A total of 670 participants were approached and 596 participants agreed to participate, giving a response rate of 89.0 %. Therefore, 587 participants were available for analysis. There were nine unsatisfactory smears (1.5 %). The prevalence of premalignant lesions reported on p % ap smear was 0.8 %. Three respondents had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (0.5 %) and two respondents had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) (0.3 %). Almost one-third (30.3 %) of respondents had an infection and 24 (4.1 %) smears were reported as reactive changes associated with inflammation. Respondents between the age of 20-30 years old had a significant association with an abnormal pre-cancerous smear (p=0.000) as well as nulliparity (p=0.0.40). There was no significant association between height, weight, BMI, sexual partner, age of first intercourse, smoking habit, history of sexually transmitted disease and history of abnormal Pap smear. The prevalence of abnormal pre-cancerous smears during pregnancy is low. However, it is desirable to perform cervical screening as it provides an opportunity to no screening at all.

Prevalence of abnormal pap smears among Iraqi women attending the Al Zahra'a cervical screening clinic in AL Najaf city

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in Iraq, there were 2.1 cases of cervical cancer for every 100,000 females of all ages. Moreover, 10.21 million Iraqi women between the ages of 15 and 44 were at risk for developing cancer.Method: At Al Zahra Teaching Hospital in Al Najaf City, a cross-sectional study was carried out over the course of nine months, from January 1 to October 1 2022. Throughout the research period, all female patients who went to the alzahraa cervical screening unit were included (112). At the cytology lab, slides were evaluated using the Bethesda Scoring System, and smears were collected using the Ayre's spatula. Highlighting relationships between cytological results and socio-demographic details using the Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used for the significant variables. In our statistical analysis, a significance level of 0.05 was considered to be present.Results: The majority of the sample (91.1%) had normal pap smear results. 8.9% of the remaining women reported abnormal pap smear results. Vaginal discharge (42%), after-coital bleeding (1.8%), and irregular bleeding (25%) were the most frequently reported patient concerns. Cervical cancer in just one case was found. The link between abnormal pap smears and females under the age of 40 was statistically significant (p = 0.047 for both). Smoking increased the risks of having abnormal pap smears [p=0.000; OR=0.011; CI 95% (0,001-0.095)], whereas being 40 years old increased the odds [OR=6.559; CI 95% (.801-53.727)].Conclusions: Ten percent of the sample had abnormal pap smear results, and there was a very significant association between smoking and abnormal pap smear results in females under 40. A successful cervical cancer screening programme must be activated, promoted, and made aware of along with the risk factors that it entails.

Prevalence of abnormal pap smears in the western region of Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2022.

The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and their quality metrics in a tertiary health-care facility in the western region of Saudi Arabia and to share our data with other researchers in Saudi Arabia to potentially establish benchmark data based on a Saudi population. A retrospective study was carried out by the Department of Pathology at King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on Pap smear statistics for 14,376 Pap smears of both conventional and liquid-based cytology (LBC) between 2010 and 2022. The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears of both conventional and LBC was 3.05% (438 Pap smears). The percentages of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were 0.08% and 0.02%, respectively, and the ratio of atypical squamous cells (ASCs) to squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) (ASC/SIL) was 2.61. The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears and the ASC/SIL ratio were consistent with the international benchmark data provided by the College of American Pathologists for each preparation type and within the range of the data provided by published studies, highlighting the need for greater focus on glandular abnormalities.

Cytomorphological spectrum of cervical pap smear reports using the 2014 bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology; A two year study in a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry, India

Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in world and second most common in India. It is considered as a preventable disease when identified at an early stage by pap smear screening test. Aim: This study aims to explore the use of conventional pap smear for the diagnosis of various cytomorphological spectrum of cervical pap smear reports using “The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology 2014” (TBSRC 2014), to analyze the clinical and demographic data of the patients, and also to characterize the age pattern of various pap smear findings/results and prevalence of abnormal pap smears among various age groups as well. Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 1650 conventional pap smears of women who attended gynaecology OPD in our tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, India between July 2018 to July 2020 are evaluated and reported as per TBSRC 2014 and the results were tabulated and analysed accordingly. Results: 1376 women had Negative for Intraepithelial lesion/ Malignancy (NILM) and 33(2.3%) had Epithelial cell abnormality (ECA). Organisms (15.3%) is the one of the frequent patterns of NILM in the study involving predominantly 21-40 years age group (11%).

Trends In Cervical Pap Smear Cytology In A Tertiary Hospital: Implications For Cervical Cancer Screening In Low-Income Countries

Background: Screening rate for cervical cancer in Nigeria is low and not much is known about the changing trend in the premalignant stages of the disease.Objective: To evaluate the trend of epithelial cell abnormality in the Pap smear in the past 10 years.Methods: A 10-year review of cervical smear cytology (2008 -2017) at a tertiary institution in Nigeria using clinical and histopathological records. There were 5850 cervical smear cytology during the period.Results: A total of 5212 (89.1%) were analyzed. The modal age ranged from 35 to 44years. Majority 4481 (85.9%) of the smears were negative (Negative intraepithelial lesion or malignancy). Smear unsatisfactory for interpretation accounted for 398(7.6%). The prevalence of abnormal Pap smear was 6.5% (CI 5.8% - 7.1%). ASCUS -3.5%, LSIL – 2.2%, HSIL – 0.4%, malignancy – 0.3% and ASC-H –o.1%. The mean age of women with malignant smear was 51.2 ± 10.0years; compared to 42.4± 10.7 and 46.4± 13.4years for LSIL and HSIL respectively. There was moderate increase in LSIL in 2012 and 2013 with a decline in 2014. However, the rate of LSIL, in the last 4years, increased from 3.5% to 17.9% (p<0.0001). HSIL increased from 15.8% in 2013 to 21.1% in 2015 but had a sharp decline afterwards. Malignant cytology rate fluctuated over the years without a specific pattern.Conclusion: Given the increasing rate of LSIL in this setting and late commencement of cervical screening among our women, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the benefits of early detection of cervical cancer using Pap smear.

Cytomorphological spectrum of cervical Pap smear reports using the 2014 bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology

Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in world and second most common in India. It is considered as a preventable disease when identified at an early stage by pap smear screening test. This study aims to explore the use of conventional pap smear for the diagnosis of various cytomorphological spectrum of cervical pap smear reports using The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology 2014 (TBSRC 2014), to analyze the clinical and demographic data of the patients, and also to characterize the age pattern of various pap smears findings/results and prevalence of abnormal pap smears among various age groups as well. In this retrospective study, a total of 1650 conventional pap smears of women who attended gynaecology OPD in our tertiary care hospital, Puducherry, India between July 2018 to July 2020 are evaluated and reported as per TBSRC 2014 and the results were tabulated and analysed accordingly. 1376 women had Negative for intraepithelial lesion/ Malignancy (NILM) and 33(2.3%) had Epithelial cell abnormality. Organisms (15.3%) is the one of the frequent patterns of NILM in the study involving predominantly 21-40 years age group (11%). Almost all cases of Epithelial cell abnormality (2.3%) involve >44 years of age.

Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear results in inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective study.

Development of malignancy is a pending threat for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim of this study was to analyze cervical dysplasia and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) in patients with IBD. This was a prospective, single center cohort study in Germany. Consecutive IBD patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology were sent to Gynecology, where a questionnaire was answered and gynecological examinations including a smear for cytology and HPV were taken. Participants of a general screening program constituted controls. Descriptive statistics, 95% confidence intervals and odds ratios were calculated. A total of 101 patients were recruited of which 99 patients participated. Analysis showed a significant (p = 0.05) difference between the prevalence of abnormal smears in patients with (22%) and without (6%) immunosuppressive therapy, while the latter had cervical abnormalities comparable with healthy controls (5%). All immunosuppressants showed similarly high risks for abnormal smear results. Only 11/99 (11%) patients had positive high-risk HPV tests, which is comparable with general population. The prevalence of abnormal cervical smears is higher in IBD patients compared to healthy individuals, but the difference is confined to patients with IBD and immunosuppressive therapy. Annual screening is advisable.

Hispanic Ethnicity and Cervical Cancer Precursors Among Low-Income Women in Arizona.

PurposeIn the United States, Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Annually, 250,000 to 1 million women are diagnosed with a precursor to CC. The aim of this study was to assess whether Hispanics have a higher prevalence of cervical dysplasia compared to Non-Hispanics Whites among a population of low-income women.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed the results of 10,911 cervical cytology tests administered between 2003 and 2016 that were funded through the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) program for low-income, uninsured women entitled the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). In the state of Arizona, the program is called the Well Women HealthCheck Program (WWHP). Logistic regression was used to identify increased risk of dysplasia, including low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL/ICC), and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess increased likelihood for LSIL and HSIL/ICC as separate categories.ResultsIn the crude analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was modestly associated with higher prevalence of LSIL (odds ratio (OR)=1.39, 95% CI=1.01–1.91), but this association was not statistically significant after adjusting for confounders. However, in the final models, lower income was independently associated with LSIL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.55, 95% CI=1.30–1.44), while smoking (aOR=2.88, 95% CI=1.21–6.84) and no history of Pap test within five years (aOR=3.54, 95% CI=1.61–6.99) were independently associated with HSIL.ConclusionAfter adjusting for confounding in a sample of low-income women with comparable Pap screening rates, ethnicity was not associated with greater prevalence of abnormal pap smears. However, other variables were independently associated with LSIL and HSIL. The higher proportion of LSIL cases among lower income individuals compared to those with higher incomes, and the higher proportion of HSIL cases observed among those screened least regularly stresses the importance of programs like WWHP: programs that target low-income, uninsured women. These programs help save lives.

Study of Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smear and its Associated Risk Factors in HIV Positive Women: A Cross-sectional Study.

1. To determine the prevalence of pre malignant cervical lesions in HIV positive women using conventional Pap smear. 2. To determine the association between various risk factors in HIV positive women and abnormal cytology on Pap smear. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangalore Medical College in which eligible HIV-positive women underwent Pap smear, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cervical biopsy. Retropositive women attending gynaec OPD during the study period were taken into the study after taking informed consent. Women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to Pap smear. Bethesda system of classification was used for reporting the Pap smear. Women with abnormal Pap smear were further evaluated by HPV DNA testing and cervical biopsy. Cervical cytology was abnormal in 30% of the HIV-positive women, out of which 10% had HSIL, 15% had LSIL and 5% had ASCUS. Age at first sexual intercourse < 17years (p = 0.009), past H/O STI (p = 0.0001), women with husband's having multiple sexual partners (p = 0.0001), women with CD4 count < 350 cells/micro-litre (p = 0.0001) were significant risk factors associated with abnormal Pap smear. Invasive cervical cancer is considered a preventable disease because of its long preinvasive state. Therefore, screening for premalignant cervical lesions represents an opportunity to prevent women developing cervical carcinoma.

Postpartum Pap Smear Results in Women with Abnormal Pap Smears Detected at First Antenatal Care: A Retrospective Study in a Songklanagarind Hospital

Objective: To assess the remission rate at postpartum periods of abnormal Pap smears during pregnancy, and to identify the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears.Material and Methods: Pregnant women, who had antenatal care (ANC) in Songklanagarind Hospital in period of January 2011 to December 2019, were identified retrospectively. Exclusion criteria included inaccessible results of Pap smears during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Medical records of all pregnant women with abnormal Pap smears were reviewed. The association between Pap smear results during pregnancy and postpartum were analyzed by Cramer’s V statistic ranging from 0 to 1, with a 1 indicating perfect association.Results: Of these 8,238 pregnant women had available Pap smear results, 109 (1.3%) women were shown with abnormal results. The most common of abnormality from Pap smears were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. In postpartum period, 50 women who had abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy, underwent postpartum follow-up examination at six weeks postpartum, respectively. The majority of results (84.0%) were normal whilst rate of remission occurred in 45 women (90.0%). The association of Pap smears between during pregnancy and postpartum was shown to have a small association (Cramer’s V = 0.2).Conclusion: There was low prevalence of abnormal Pap smear during pregnancy and high remission rate at postpartum. However, health care providers should be aware of cervical cancer screening in all pregnant women, because many women had not undergone cervical cancer screening before pregnancy.

The prevalence of abnormal pap smear in women with pelvic inflammatory disease and determine the risk factors of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia 2/3

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of abnormal Pap (ASCUS or worse) and HPV infection in women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and assess the risk factors for CIN2/3. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 249 women who were admitted to the hospital for the treatment of PID between 2013 and 2019 was performed. Patients’ characteristics including age, parity, sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection, Pap results, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, Nugent score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were retrieved. Clinical characteristics were compared between group 1 (women with normal pap; N = 159) and group 2 (women with abnormal Pap; N = 90). Results: Of 249 women, abnormal Pap rate was 36.1% and HPV positivity was 41.0%. Of those with HPV infection, 78.4% had high-risk HPV subtypes. Group 2 was significantly associated with high-risk HPV infection (P &lt; 0.0001) and low NLR (P = 0.047). 74 women underwent colposcopy-directed punch biopsy, and 14 showed CIN2/3. Multivariate analysis showed that high-risk HPV infection (P = 0.040; 95% CI 1.081-32.389) and low Nugent score (≤ 3) (P = 0.003; 95% CI 2.130-39.807) were independent risk factors of CIN2/3 in women with abnormal Pap and PID. Conclusions: Women with PID showed high prevalence of abnormal Pap. Nonetheless, high-risk HPV infection and low Nugent score are the most reliable factors in determining colposcopy for the diagnosis of CIN2/3.

Cervical Cancer Detection between Conventional and Liquid Based Cervical Cytology: a 6-Year Experience in Northern Bangkok Thailand

Objectives:To determine the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or higher and cancer between conventional Pap smear (CPP) and liquid based Pap smear (LBP).Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand between January 2011 and December 2016. Data was collected from medical records of participants who attended for cervical cancer screening test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy for detecting CIN 2 or higher were evaluated by using the most severity of histopathology reports.Results:A total of 28,564 cases were recruited. Prevalence of abnormal Pap smear from CPP and LBP were 4.8 % (1,092/22,552) and 5.7 % (345/6,012), respectively. Percentage of unsatisfactory smears in CPP (52.3%) was higher than LBP (40.5%). From CPP and LBP, cervical cancer percentages were 0.2 and 0.1, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of CPP and LBP for detection cancer were 42.5 vs 26.1%, 99.9 vs 100.0%, 69.8vs 75.0%, 99.7 vs 100.0 % and 99.7 vs 99.7%, respectively.Conclusion:Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and cancer from CPP and LBP were 4.8/0.2 and 5.7/0.1 percent, respectively. Unsatisfactory smear of LBP was less than CPP. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of CPP and LBP for detection CIN 2 or higher and cancer were comparable.

The Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smears in females Referred to Health Centers Affiliated to Medical Sciences During the Years 2012 to 2016

The Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smears in females Referred to Health Centers Affiliated to Medical Sciences During the Years 2012 to 2016

Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smear in Women Undergoing Liver Transplantation [15E

INTRODUCTION: Female patients being evaluated for liver transplantation (LT) routinely undergo a gynecologic exam including cervical cancer screening. The prevalence of cervical cytologic abnormalities in this high risk population is unknown. Our study determines prevalence of cervical cytologic abnormalities, HPV positive status, and risk factors for abnormal cervical screening for this population. METHODS: With Institutional review board approval, we reviewed 375 charts of women undergoing evaluation for LT from 2008‒2013 at Mayo Clinic Florida. We recorded demographics, Pap smear results, High risk HPV positive results, and co-morbid conditions. Univariate analysis was done to determine risk factors. We compared the result of the LT group to the general female population getting cervical cancer screening during the same time period. RESULTS: 37 of 375 (9.86%) LT patients had abnormal Pap smear, compared to 1784 of 26118 (6.83%) of the general population patients (p &lt; 0.01). Among LT patients with cervical cytologic abnormalities, 40.5% were ASCUS, HPV positive (64.8% for non-LT patients), 29.7% were LSIL (28.1% for non-LT patients), 5.4% were HSIL (6.7% for non-LT patients) and 24.3% were cytology negative with HPV positive (0.2% for non-LT patients, p &lt; 0.05). Younger age and presence of hypertension were associated with higher risk of having an abnormal cervical cytology or positive HPV status among LT patients. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing evaluation for LT have increased prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology, or a positive High risk HPV test. Gynecologic surveillance for this high risk population is recommended.

Prevalence of Abnormal Pap Smears: A Descriptive Study from a Cancer Center in a Low-Prevalence Community

Background and aims:Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the 13th in Jordan. The cervical smear (Pap smear) is a simple approach to detect pre-cancerous cervical lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal cervical smears in women seen at the Early Detection/Community Outreach clinic of King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC).Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, reports of routine cervical Pap smears performed in the pathology department at KHCC from January 2007 to December 2016, were reviewed. During this period, a total of 5,529 routine smears were assessed for epithelial abnormalities and histopathological grading.Results:A total of 210 (3.8%) abnormal Pap smears were found, with atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) reported in 110 (52.4%) cases, atypical glandular cells of undermined significance (AGUS) in 58 (27.6%), low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) in 27 (12.9%) and high grade intra-epithelial lesion (HSIL) in 13 (6.2%). Only single cases of ASC-H and squamous cell carcinoma were reported. The available biopsies showed benign findings in 70.1% of cases, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 11.5% and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in 18.4%.Conclusions:The low epithelial cell abnormality (EPCA) prevalence illustrated in this study argues against introduction of population-based HPV testing and vaccination. It calls for a more cost-effective measures in a country with limited resources, where a more widely available Pap-smear testing might suffice.

World Health Organisation staging, adherence to HAART and abnormal cervical smears amongst HIV-infected women attending a government hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

Introduction: South Africa (SA) has more people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) than any other country in the world. Women infected with HIV have a higher risk of developing cervical dysplasia and cancer than women who are not infected.Objective: To ascertain the correlation between the World Health Organisation (WHO) HIV staging and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with abnormal Pap smear results of HIV-infected women attending a government hospital in Johannesburg, SA.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed by reviewing Pap smears of 390 HIV-positive women. Adherence was measured by the patient’s report and viral load. Data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaires.Results: The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was 57% and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) were the most common abnormality seen (142/390, 36%). WHO stage 3 participants were three times more likely to have abnormal Pap smears than those with WHO stage 1 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.23-9.04, p = 0.018). Abnormal Pap smears were seen more frequently in participants with a CD4 cell count ≤ 350 cells/μl compared to participants with CD4 cell count ≥ 500 cells/μl (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.09-0.37). Participants who did not use HAART had more abnormal results compared to those who used HAART (p 0.028, 95% CI 0.28-0.93). Self-reported adherence to HAART did not show any association with abnormal Pap smears.Conclusion: Increased immune-suppression measured by WHO staging or CD4 count increases the risk of cervical cancer precursors. The high risk group in this study was found to be participants with CD4 350 cells/μl.

Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and its relation with age and parity

This screening study was carried out in Gynae Unit II, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. The aim of study was to find out prevalence of abnormal pap smears and its correlation to age &amp; parity so that we can formulate a policy to screen at risk population with Utilization of minimum resources in our setup. Role of Pap smear in detection of cervical pre-malignant &amp; malignant lesions can not be over emphasized. The Cervical smears of 310 women have been evaluated. The frequency of mild to severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was found to be 8% while smear positive for malignant cells was in 0.9% of cases. This study reveals 41-60 years of age and Para three and above a high risk group for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and cytology positive for malignant cells. In view of the expenditure involved and technical constraints in mass screening, an approach of selective screening of high risk population could be an effective strategy for control of carcinoma of cervix in developing countries like ours. 524-5+7+F Bushra Zahid-Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital/Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore Nuzhat Khawaja-Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital/Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore+np_khawaja@hotmail.com Rakhshanda Tayyeb-Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital/Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore

World Health Organisation staging, adherence to HAART and abnormal cervical smears amongst HIV-infected women attending a government hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa

Introduction: South Africa (SA) has more people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) than any other country in the world. Women infected with HIV have a higher risk of developing cervical dysplasia and cancer than women who are not infected.Objective: To ascertain the correlation between the World Health Organisation (WHO) HIV staging and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with abnormal Pap smear results of HIV-infected women attending a government hospital in Johannesburg, SA.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed by reviewing Pap smears of 390 HIV-positive women. Adherence was measured by the patient’s report and viral load. Data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaires.Results: The prevalence of abnormal Pap smears was 57% and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) were the most common abnormality seen (142/390, 36%). WHO stage 3 participants were three times more likely to have abnormal Pap smears than those with...

Prevalence and characteristics of abnormal Papanicolaou smear in Central Saudi Arabia.

Objectives:To assess the prevalence and characteristics of abnormal pap smear in the central region of Saudi Arabia.Methods:In this retrospective case control study conducted in the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Histopathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, all pap smears screened for Saudi women between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed. Approximately 5000 pap smears are screened annually at King Abdulaziz Medical City utilizing the Bethesda III System (2001). All abnormal smears patients’ data were collected and compared to the data of randomly selected 200 normal smears’ patients.Results:Abnormal pap smear prevalence was found to be 4.3% (841/19,650 Saudi patients were found with atypical epithelial cells abnormalities). Its prevalence in the years 2008 was 5.7%, 2009 was 4.9%, 2010 was 4.2%, and 2011 was 2.5%. Abnormal smear patients have lower parity (p=0.001), and were less likely to use intra-uterine devices (p=0.03) compared with normal smear patients. Presence of abnormal cervical appearance was associated with increased epithelial cell abnormalities (p=0.045). The only positive history that has characterized patients with epithelial cell abnormalities was their previous history of abnormal pap smear (p=0.001). Squamous cell abnormalities were identified in 91% of the patients (767/841), and glandular cell abnormalities were identified in 9% of the patients (74/841).Conclusion:Prevalence of abnormal pap smears in central Saudi Arabia is relatively low, while advanced glandular abnormalities prevalence was observed to be high.