Pretreatment Lateral Cephalograms Research Articles

Association between adenotonsillar hypertrophy and dentofacial characteristics of children seeking for orthodontic treatment: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo compare the dentofacial characteristics of children with and without adenoid and/or tonsillar hypertrophy. MethodsA consecutive sample of orthodontic patients aged 6-12 that took pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were included in this study. Those with history of previous orthodontic treatment, adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, or craniofacial anomalies were excluded. The diagnosis of adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy was based on Fujioka's and Baroni's methods, according to which the subjects were divided into four groups: the adenoid hypertrophy only (AHO) group; tonsillar hypertrophy only (THO) group; combined adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy (AH+TH) group; and no adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy (NH) group. Cephalograms were used for skeletal and dental measurement. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, LSD post-hoc tests and Chi-square test. ResultsA total of 598 patients were included. Compared with the NH group, the THO group had significantly larger SNB angle (P<0.001), as well as significantly smaller ANB angle (P<0.001) and Wits value (P=0.001). The U1-L1 angle of AHO group was significantly smaller than that in the NH group (P=0.035). The proportion of adenoid hypertrophy in Class II patients was significantly higher than that in Class III patients (P=0.001). The proportion of tonsillar hypertrophy in Class III patients was significantly higher than that in Class I patients (P<0.001) and Class II patients (P<0.001). ConclusionOver 80% of children seeking orthodontic treatment had either adenoid or tonsillar hypertrophy. Children with adenoid hypertrophy tend to have skeletal Class II malocclusion, while those with tonsillar hypertrophy tend to have skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Effect of Tongue Position on Facial Morphology of Pakistani Adults and Different Growth Patterns.

To determine the effect of tongue position on facial morphology of Pakistani adults and different growth patterns. Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study:Department of Orthodontics, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan, from January to April 2021. The study included individuals aged 17 to 30 years with no history of prior orthodontic treatment, absence of wound, burn, or scar tissue in the neck region, comfortable breathing through the nose, absence of deglutition disorder, and a skeletal Class I or II relationship. The exclusion criteria were a cleft lip or palate, or a history of chronic mouth breathing, snoring, or tonsillectomy. According to their skeletal relationships, the subjects were split into three groups; Group I (low-angle), Group II (normal growth), and Group III (high-angle). Vertical growth pattern was assessed on radiograph by interpreting the values of NS / ML (nasion-sella / mandibular plane) angle, and angle formed between FH / ML (Frankfort horizontal plane / mandibular plane). A predesigned proforma was used to record all the measurements made on pre-treatment lateral cephalograms by the sole investigator. Data were analysed using SPSS 24.0. Data from the lateral cephalogram of 79 patients, consisting of 18 (22.8%) males and 61 (77.2%) femaleswho met the inclusion criteria, were analysed.The sample included 15 low-angle, 45 normal vertical growth, and 19 high-angle cases. Fifty participants had Class I skeletal relationships, while 29 had Class II relationships. According to the ANOVA test, FH / ML and NS / ML measurements showed no statistically significant variations in tongue position and growth trends. There was no statistically significant difference between tongue position and facial morphology of Class I or II subjects with different vertical growth patterns. However, there was a statistically sufficient evidence showing the tongue height was greater in Class I skeletal relationship patients as compared to Class II skeletal cases (p = 0.008). Tongue position, Tongue space, Tongue length, Growth pattern.

Morphology of the Sella Turcica in Individuals With Different Skeletal Malocclusions in Upper Egypt Assessed Using Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs.

To evaluate the morphology of sella turcica (ST) in individuals with different skeletal malocclusions in upper Egypt. 300 lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult patients of both sexes, varying ages from 18 to 30 years, were selected and divided into three equal groups, group (1): skeletal class I (control group), group (2): skeletal class II, and group (3): skeletal class III. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were taken from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Minia University. The tuberculum and dorsum sella, the floor of ST, and posterior and anterior clinoid processes (ACPs) were drawn. The direct measurements such asdiameter (APD), depth (D), and length(L) of sella were measured using Silverman and Kisling methods. A significant difference was found in depth (D) between class I and class II, with class II having a greater depth.Also, the largest diameter (APD) was found in the class III group.A significant difference was found in diameter (APD) between the two age groups (from 18 to 24 years and from 25 to 30 years) Conclusion: The larger diameter values were seen in the skeletal class III subjects, while the larger depth values were observed in the class II subjects. The older age group (25-30 years) has a greater diameter than the younger one. Highly significant differences were found in length and depth between the sexes.

The relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index: An analytical cross-sectional study.

To determine the relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index. The retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional, study was conducted from July to November 2020 at Dr Ishratul- Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences and Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised data from 2015 to 2018 related to pre-treatment lateral cephalograms for determining frontal sinus index and other cephalometric variables. The dental casts were observed for incisor classification. Patients with Class I incisors formed the comparison group, while the rest comprised 5 malocclusion groups. The frontal sinus was traced, and the sinus index was calculated. Data was analysed using STATA 15 and R 3.5.1. Of the 240 subjects, there were 40(16.66%) in each of the 6 groups; 155(64.6%) females and 85(35.4%) males. The mean age of the sample was 21.33±3.52 years (range: 16-29 years). The mean sinus index was higher in all malocclusion groups than the comparison group, but it was significantly higher only in Class II division 2 and anterior open bite groups (p<0.05). The only exception to the trend was Class II division 1 with and without contact in which the value was lower (p>0.05). The anterior cranial base length, sella-nasion mandibular plane angle, and upper incisor palatal plane angle significantly affected the frontal sinus index (p<0.05). The frontal sinus index could be considered an indicator of harmonious anterior occlusion.

Assessment of Nasal Aesthetic Parameters in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate – A Retrospective Study

Objectives To assess and compare the deviating nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with a control group. The study also aims to correlate the deviating cephalometric parameters with two aesthetic scoring systems. Design A retrospective study. Setting Dental college and hospital. Participants Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and extra oral photographs of 20 adult patients with repaired UCLP presenting for orthodontic treatment. 20 patients with age and type of malocclusion matched control were selected. Main Outcome The nasal cephalometric parameters of patients with UCLP and a control group were compared. The nasolabial region of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) was scored using Asher McDade Aesthetic Index (AMAI) and Cleft Aesthetic Rating Scale (CARS). The scoring was done by six different groups assessors to study their perception of the nasolabial region. Correlation between cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic scores was done. Results The study found significant differences in nasal length ( P = .003) and depth ( P &lt; .001) between UCLP and the non-cleft control group. In the aesthetic assessment, orthodontist gave the least scores, while layman group scored the highest. The CARS nose aesthetic scores showed statistically significant high, negative correlation with the nasal length ( P = .01). Conclusion The cephalometric parameters and the aesthetic indices can be aid the orthodontists in the assessment of nasolabial aesthetics and additionally refer for further definitive rhinoplasty to improve the patient's overall facial aesthetics.

Assessment of Upper and Lower Airway Dimensions in Skeletal Class I and Class II Subjects Having Different Growth Patterns – A Cross-Sectional Cephalometric Study

ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the airway dimensions among subjects having skeletal class I and class II patterns considering their hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent growth patterns and to determine any variations between them. Methods and Materials: The study consisted of 156 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of subjects aged above 18 years. The sagittal skeletal pattern was used to separate the sample into two groups. Each group was further subdivided into hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent growth patterns. The upper and lower airway dimensions were measured in all the subgroups. The intragroup comparison of class I and class II was performed with 1-way ANOVA and post-hoc test. Using the independent t-test, the upper and lower airways were compared between groups. Results: Comparison of subjects according to the growth pattern showed that vertical growth patterns have statically significantly reduced upper and lower airway dimensions as compared to the average and horizontal growth patterns in both skeletal class I and class II subjects. However, the subjects with skeletal class II hyperdivergent growth patterns have significantly reduced lower airway dimensions than those with skeletal class I having hyperdivergent growth patterns. Conclusion: Individuals with skeletal class I and class II patterns characterized by hyperdivergent growth exhibit reduced upper and lower pharyngeal airways. The sagittal skeletal type also plays a role in influencing the dimensions of the upper and lower airways.

Comparison of Soft Tissue Chin Thickness in Adult Patients With Various Mandibular Divergence Patterns.

Objective This study aimed to compare the soft tissue chin (STC) thickness at different levels in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment with different vertical facial types. Materials and methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, on 195 subjects. Patients presenting for orthodontic treatment, both genders, aged from 18 to 32 years, and Pakistani nationals were included. Patients with any craniofacial deformity, syndrome, cleft lip and palate, previous orthodontic or orthognathic treatment, and multiple missing teeth and prostheses in edentulous areas were excluded. Vertical facial patterns and STC thickness were recorded from pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare STC among various vertical facial patterns. Post-hoc analysis was done using the Tukey test. Results There were 126 females (64.62%) and 69 males (35.38%). The mean age was 21.66 ± 3.44 years. All three soft tissue chin thickness distances significantly differed among vertical facial patterns (p<0.001). Multiple comparisons show that the distance between soft and hard tissue pogonion was insignificant between low and normal anglefacial heights (p=0.5). Similarly, no significant difference was observed for the distance between softand hard tissue menton in low and normal angle subjects (p=0.4). The rest of the multiple comparisons were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion The STC thickness is significantly associated with vertical facial divergence. While planning orthognathic surgery or genioplasty of the mandible, due consideration should be given to vertical divergence of the face to avoid unwanted facial changes.

A New Approach for the Assessment of True Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship: A Zeta Angle.

The assessment of sagittal skeletal dysplasia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, thus necessitating a thorough evaluation. A novel cephalometric parameter, known as the Zeta angle, was proposed in this study for the evaluation of the maxillomandibular relationship in the sagittal plane. This observational study was carried out using 291 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of participants aged between 15 and 25 years, categorized into skeletal class I, II, and III relationships based on Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and Beta angle. The individuals reported to the Department of Orthodontics from January 2021 to October 2023, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad. The Zeta angle was constructed using three skeletal reference points as point Pt (pterygoid), point M (center of premaxilla), and point Pm (suprapogonion)and was measured perpendicular to point M on the Pt-Pm line and the M-Pm line to determine the severity and type of maxillomandibular discrepancy in the sagittal plane. Statistical tests were used to obtain the mean values for the Zeta angle. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test, was used to assess skeletal differences between the groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this angle. The results indicated that a Zeta angle between 57° and 64° had a class I skeletal jaw pattern, a Zeta angle less than 57° indicated a class II skeletal jaw pattern, and a Zeta angle greater than 64° indicated a class III skeletal jaw pattern. ROC curves showed that a Zeta angle less than 57.5° had 80% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity in distinguishing class II from the class I subset. A Zeta angle greater than 64.5° has a sensitivity and specificity of 92.5% in distinguishing class III from the class I subset. The Zeta angle may serve as an additional diagnostic tool for the reliable determination of sagittal jaw relationships due to its establishment based on stable anatomical points, thus remaining unaffected by jaw rotations and orthodontic treatments.

Cranial Base Measurements in Skeletal Malocclusion among Orthodontic Patients.

Facial growth and development is necessary for proper orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Growth of cranial base is linked to the overall growth of facial bones, especially the maxilla and mandible. Any change in the amount and direction of growth of the cranial base can have direct or indirect effects on the developing maxilla and mandible. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the linear and angular cranial base measurements in different skeletal malocclusion in Nepalese population. Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 225 patients aged between 17-30 years were collected. Linear measurements Sella-Nasion (S-N), Sella-Articulare (S-Ar), Articulare-Gonion (Ar-Go), Gonion-Gnathion (Go-Gn) and angular measurements Saddle angle (N-S-Ar), Articular angle (S-Ar-Go) and Gonial angle (Ar-Go-Gn) were measured. In angular measurements statistically significant differences were found in the saddle and gonial angles between class I, II, and III skeletal pattern. In linear measurements, anterior and posterior cranial base lengths were not significantly different among groups however, ramal height and mandibular body length were significantly different among groups with a P value < 0.05. Skeletal class III has a larger gonial angle, ramal height and mandibular length. Males have larger linear measurements and females have larger angular measurements.

To estimate the maturation of permanent teeth in different facial patterns in Rajasthan population: A comparative retrospective study

The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare the maturation stages of permanent teeth in different facial patterns in Rajasthan population. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and orthopantomogram of 90 subjects (30 horizontal, 30 vertical and 30 average growth patterns with subgroup of male and female in horizontal, vertical and average growth pattern), with 8 – 16 years of age, were selected from the patients records who had reported to the Department of Orthodontics &amp; Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur. Lateral Cephalograms were traced manually and orthopantomogram were used to get the overall dental maturity score by adding the value of left eight mandibular teeth. Student’s t test was used to compare the maturation of chronological age and dental age in horizontal, vertical and average growth patterns and Pearson’s correlation test was used to found correlation between the group. The results suggest a difference in dental age and chronological age in subject with vertical growth patterns. Vertical female growers showed early dental age maturation compared to chronological age. There was insignificant difference present in dental age and chronological age in horizontal growth patterns and average growth patterns. Insignificant intergroup difference was found in dental age between horizontal vs vertical, horizontal vs average and vertical vs average growth patterns. Subjects with vertical female growth patterns shows early dental age maturation than chronological age. Sn-Go-Gn, lower anterior facial height and Jara back’s ratio are highly significant in determining growth patterns. There also exists strong correlation between dental age and chronological age in horizontal, vertical and average growth patterns in male and female subgroup.

To identify anatomic relationship between central incisor roots and alveolar bone thickness in individuals with variable sagittal malocclusions

The predisposition of central-incisors and its association with alveolar bone in surrounding area required assessment before any decision for treatment which involves anteroposterior (AP) movement of incisor inside the jaws. To identify anatomic relationship between central incisor roots and alveolar bone thickness in individuals with variable sagittal malocclusions and to also correlate if any sexual dimorphism among samples. The present study was conducted on 100 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of young adult patients aged 15 to 30 years. They were divided into 2 groups on the basis of Angle’s system of classification as Class I and Class II with 50 subjects each group. patients were selected from the pool of patients who reported to All the lateral cephalograms were hand traced by same operator and tracings included mandibular symphysis, 1 molar central incisors, the OP, incisal edges, root apices, incisor long axes, upper incisor CEJ and upper incisor root midpoint. Various parameters were then measured for both the groups. All data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS version 24.0 Inc, Chicago, IL, USA. Independent sample t-test was used to determine possible statistically significant differences between the Class I and Class II for various parameters. U1-lab was statistically significant increased value in Class I sample, Where as L1-ling was statistically significant increased value in Class II sample. A very small but significant difference was found for the mandibular alveolar bone thickness in males and females in both Class I and Class II samples. A significant variance between alveolar (AV) process of class II and Class I occlusion. There was also a significant variation in males and females of the sample group.

A Comparison of Smartphone-assisted and Computer Software Assisted Tracing with the Conventional Manual Method

Introduction In view of the increased use of computers and mobile technologies in orthodontics, there is a need for evaluating the accuracy of commercially available cephalometric software. Aim This study compares the accuracies of computer-assisted tracing, smartphone tracing with the manual method of tracing in the pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods A total of 100 cephalograms, both digital and hard copies, were collected from the records available in the department archives. Hard and soft copies were used for obtaining values of 17 parameters for comparison between different groups. i.e (Manual, NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®) Results No statistical significance between groups for SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA, SN-GoGn, U1-NA Angular,linear, L1-NB Angular, linear, IMPA and interincisal angle (p=0.798, 0.583, 0.895, 0.059, 0.140, 0.680, 0.161, 0.327, 0.906, 0.940, 0.789). A significant difference was seen for parameters Eff-Mx,Mn lengths and differential, L1-Occlusal plane, WITS, NLA.(p=0.000, 0.004, 0.018, 0.004, 0.025). Suggesting the possibility of use of software for tracing instead of manual method. Conclusions All the software (NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®)as well as applications performed satisfactorily and these can be used instead of manual tracing.

Cephalometric Association Between Various Shapes of Soft Palate with Different Growth Pattern and Age Groups in Skeletal Class I, II and III Malocclusion

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to find cephalometric association between various shapes of soft palate with different growth pattern and age groups in skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion METHODOLOGY:The pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 382 patients was collected from the department of Orthodontics, Liaquat College of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, Karachi. The study included 96 males and 286 females between the ages of 11 to 30 years. All the patients were divided according to skeletal classification of malocclusion. The type of skeletal malocclusion, growth pattern and the morphological variations of soft palate were assessed. The differences in the proportion of soft palate morphology among skeletal malocclusion and growth pattern were calculated. Variation of the soft palate morphology among the genders and different age groups were also determined. RESULTS: Subjects with Type 1 "leaf-shaped" soft palates were more prevalent (43.2%) whereas, The Type 4 "Straight-line" soft palate was least common (2.9%). Type 1 "leaf-shaped" soft palate was the most common in all skeletal malocclusion classes, growth pattern types and both genders CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant association between soft palate morphology with type of skeletal malocclusion and gender. No significant association found between soft palate morphology and types of growth pattern KEYWORDS: soft palate shapes, growth pattern, age groups, skeletal malocclusion, lateral cephalogram.

New insights into the genetics of mandibular retrognathism: novel candidate genes.

Mandibular retrognathism (MR) is acommon skeletal malocclusion in humans with astrong genetic component. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) could be involved in the etiology of mandibular retrognathism. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether SNPs in the genes encoding for EGF and EGFR are associated with MR in German teenagers. This nested case-control study evaluated German orthodontic patients, aged 10-18years. DNA, which was isolated from buccal epithelial cells using two cytobrushes, was used for genotyping analysis and digital pretreatment lateral cephalograms were examined to calculate SNB and ANB. Patients with aretrognathic mandible (SNB < 78°) were included as cases, while patients with an orthognathic mandible (SNB = 78-82°) were included as controls. Four SNPs in the genes encoding for EGF and EGFR were chosen and genotyped using real-time PCR. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequency were compared across groups (α = 5%). Finally, 119 patients were included in this study (45orthognathic mandible, 74retrognathic mandible). The minor alleleG in rs4444903 (EGF) was statistically more frequent in individuals with an orthognathic mandible (p = 0.008). The haplotype formed by the mutant alleles for rs4444903|rs2237051 (EGF; G|A) was statistically more frequent in the orthognathic mandible group (p = 0.007). The SNPs rs4444903 and rs2237051 in EGF, and rs2227983 in EGFR were statistically associated with adecreasing risk of developing aretrognathic mandible according to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis (p < 0.05). SNPs in EGF (rs4444903 and rs2237051) and EGFR (rs2227983) were associated with MR in our German sample and could be genetic biomarkers for early and individualized diagnostic identification of retrognathic mandibular development by means of genetic screening tests.

Evaluation of horizontal lip position using different soft tissue analysis in Shimla population - A cephalometric study

: 1. To study the horizontal lip position in Dentally and Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population using different soft tissue analysis. 2. To study the sexual dimorphism in horizontal lip position of Shimla adult population. 3. To study the differences of horizontal lip position among Dentally and Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population. 4. To compare the horizontal lip position of Dentoskeletally normal subjects of Shimla adult population with established norms. 5. To assess the most consistent esthetic reference line. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 subjects aged between 18-25 years were taken, who visited the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Shimla, Himachal Pradesh for their orthodontic consultation for the study. In Shimla adult population retrusive upper lip in relation to Steiner’s S1 line, Ricketts’ E line and retrusive lower lip in relation to Steiner’s S1 line, Ricketts’ E line, Sushner’s S2 line was found. The norms for upper and lower lip position in relation to Burstone’s B line in Shimla adult population coincide with the established Burstone’s norms. Holdaway’s established norms for lower lip can also be applied to Shimla adult population. Shimla adult population has different cephalometric norms for horizontal lip position in relation to Steiner’s and Ricketts’ line whereas same established norms of Burstone and Holdaway can be applied to Shimla adult population.

Comparison of upper and lower lip position, length and thickness in sagittal and vertical malocclusion

This study aimed to compare the upper and lower lips position, length, and thickness in different malocclusions, in randomly selected 180 patients’ pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. The subjects were grouped sagittally by using Steiner’s analysis and Wits appraisal and vertically based on Frankfort horizontal and mandibular plane (FHMP) angle and lower facial height. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the upper and lower lip positions, thickness, and length in sagittal and vertical malocclusion and independent sample T test was applied for comparison between genders among soft tissue variables. Post-hoc Dunnett T3 was performed for comparison of lip variables in adjacent malocclusion groups. The level of significance was not less than or equal to 0.05 The anteroposterior position of the upper and lower lips with respect to E and S planes and upper and lower lip thicknessaried significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in all classes of sagittal malocclusion, ---Continue

Assessment of Various Mandibular Divergence Pattern or Vertical Cephalometric Pattern in Bangladeshi Adult Patients

Introduction : Orthodontic diagnosis as well as the treatment planning of the patients are affected by vertical dimention of face. Lateral cephalometric radiographs are used by orthodontists to find out the norms of different skeletal, dental and soft tissue variables. Present study was undertaken with the aim to assess the various mandibular divergence pattern or vertical cephalometric pattern in Bangladeshi adult orthodontic patients. Materials and methods : This cross sectional study was conducted with 120 pretreatment lateral cephalograms of Bangladeshi adult orthodontic patients who visited Dhaka Dental College Hospital (DDCH) for orthodontic treatment for the duration of six months. The angular measurement used in this study to assess the vertical divergence pattern or vertical cephalometric pattern was mandibular plane to anterior cranial base (MP-SN). Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and statistical significance was set as p=0.05. Results : The study result showed that out of 120 orthodontic patients hypodivergent vertical cephalometric pattern found in 26.6% patients having ˂270 MP-SN angle and normodivergent, hyperdivergent pattern found in (45.8%), (27.5%) patients having 270 to ˂ 370 MP-SN angle and &gt; 370 MP-SN angle respectively. Sex of the patient was not significantly associated with the vertical cephalometric pattern (as p &gt;0.05). It was also observed that age was not statistically significantly different between male and female patients within each mandibular divergence pattern and across the three mandibular divergence patterns. Conclusion : Present study concluded that age and sex of Bangladeshi adult orthodontic patients were not significantly associated with different mandibular divergence pattern or vertical cephalometric pattern. In all the three vertical cephalometric pattern the MP-SN angle were greater in Bangladeshi female than Bangladeshi male patients. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2023; 13(2): 15-18

Assessment of Lower Third Molar Eruption Status in Different Facial Growth Patterns in Adults

Introduction Various skeletal and dental factors help in predicting the mandibular third molar eruption, but the reliability of these factors may vary within subjects with different growth patterns. Thus, the present study aims to analyze these parameters for the lower third molar eruption in subjects with different facial growth patterns. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 120 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms of the subjects who were equally divided (based on the SN-GoGn angle) into three groups: normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent. The groups were further subdivided into impacted and erupted subgroups based on mandibular third molar eruption status. Nine radiographic parameters were compared between the impacted and erupted subgroups, using the independent Student’s t-test, to check their association with mandibular third molar eruption in different growth patterns. Results Beta angle was significantly different in the erupted and impacted subgroups in all three groups (with p &lt;.05). The retromolar space and alpha angle was significant in hypodivergent group (p &lt;.01) and the gamma angle was significant in the hyperdivergent group (p &lt;.01). Conclusion Among all the parameters that were analyzed for the third molar eruption, only the beta angle was significantly related to the third molar eruption in subjects with all three different growth patterns.

Artificial intelligence web-based cephalometric analysis platform: comparison with the computer assisted cephalometric method

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of cephalometric measurements of the web-based artificial intelligence cephalometric analysis platform in comparison with the computer assisted cephalometric analysis method. Materials and Methods 60 patients’ pretreatment lateral cephalograms were randomly selected. A total of 21 landmarks were identified by one operator and a total of 20 parameters were measured both AI based platform WebCeph® and Dolphin Imaging®. Measurements of AI landmarking were recorded. Then, the landmarks placed automatically by the AI (AI landmarking) were corrected manually (manual landmarking). All the measurements were recorded and performed once more after 4-weeks. Correlation between repeated measurements was evaluated by using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Paired t-test was used for comparisons between groups. Results Most of the measurements showed statistically significant differences between AI landmarking and manual landmarking 1, except for the angular measurements of the U1-SNº (P = 0.717), interinsizal angle (P = 0.410), and L1-NBº (P = 0,295). Most of the measurements were found to be statistically similar between manual landmarking 1 and manual landmarking 2, except for the angular measurement of the SN-GoGnº, IMPAº, linear measurements ANS-Me. The Pearson correlation coefficients of all cephalometric measurements were above 0.80. Conclusions All mean differences between the manual landmarking 1 and AI landmarking measurements were less than 2 degrees/2 mm, except for the nasolabial angle. Although WebCeph’s artificial intelligence algorithm is not sufficient to accurately determine the position of soft tissue landmarks, it becomes more suitable for clinical use with the control and manual correction of landmarks by observers.

To correlate interlabial gap, lip morphology and lip strain in various skeletal malocclusions in distt solan population – A cephalometric study

An aesthetically pleasing and balanced face is one of the objectives of orthodontic treatment. The evaluation of soft tissue morphology is an indispensable tool in clinical practice and in research and can be achieved with different approaches. : To correlate lip morphology, lip strain and interlabial gap in various skeletal malocclusions in dist solan population. 50 Pretreatment lateral cephalograms were included in the study. The sample was divided into 2 groups as group I(Skeletal Class I,N=25) and group II (Skeletal Class II ,N=25).Various angular and linear parameters were recorded to measure lip morphology, lip strain and interlabial gap. When linear parameters of both the groups (skeletal class I &amp;skeletal Class II) were compared there were no significant result seen in UL-E (p=1.00), LL-E(p=0.45),UL-S(p=0.51),LL-S(p=0.36),UL-B(p=0.63),LL-B(p=0.44),LL-H(0.71),UL-T(p=0.58),LL-T(p=o.47). When lip strain, lip morphology and interlabial gap were correlated in Group I it was found that there were significant difference between the UL-E and SNB (p=0.02*) and in Group 2 there were significant differences between the Lip strain (LS-LI) &amp; SNB (p=0.00*) UL-E and SNA (p=0.04*), UL-E and SNB(p=0.01*). When angular parameters between group I and group II were compared there were no significant differences between them. No significant difference is seen between the Lip morphology and lip strain but only significant changes ae seen in Interlabial gap while comparing the Skeletal Class II And Skeletal Class I.