Pretest-posttest Scores Research Articles

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING DUOLINGO IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO CAMP CLASS AT LANGUAGE CENTER

This study seeks to determine the effectiveness of the Duolingo app as a gamification-based learning tool for teaching vocabulary in order to assist students in improving their English language skills. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, which splits the class into two groups: experimental and control. The data was collected by developing vocabulary questions for both pre- and post-tests. The statistical tool from SPSS version 22 was used to analyse the data. The study's findings demonstrate how effective the Duolingo program is in helping students improve their English vocabulary. The independent sample t-test resulted in a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is statistically significant and less than 0.05. Furthermore, the average pre-test score (69.44 before using the Duolingo app) and post-test score (85.83 after using the Duolingo app) increased. This shows that students who were taught using the Duolingo app had different vocabulary mastery outcomes than those who were taught using traditional techniques or without the app. The Duolingo software is significantly more effective in helping students improve their vocabulary. Following the adoption of the Duolingo program, the Language Center noticed an improvement in its pupils' vocabulary.

Penerapan The Four-Quadrant Model of Facilitated Learning (4QM) terhadap Perkembangan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Background: Childreni withi speciali needsi (ABK)i arei individualsi withi uniquei characteristicsi thati differi fromi typicali children,i exhibitingi mental,i emotional,i ori physicali developmenti thati isi noti ini linei withi theiri chronologicali age.i ABKi ofteni facei learningi difficulties,i particularlyi ini reading.i Objectives:i Toi determinei thei effecti ofi thei Four-Quadranti Modeli ofi Facilitatedi Learningi (4QM)i interventioni oni thei readingi developmenti ofi childreni withi speciali needs.i Thei interventioni involvedi ai readingi developmenti programi conductedi ati thei Callingi Stari Childi Developmenti Centeri ini Balikpapan,i Easti Kalimantan,i overi twoi months.i Methods:i Thisi studyi employedi ai pre-experimentali designi withi ai one-groupi pretest-posttesti approach.i Thei populationi comprised children with special needs diagnosed with ASD, ADHD, ADD, and dyslexia, aged 7–10 years, enrolled at the Calling Star Child Development Center in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. A total sampling technique was used, involving 10 children with special needs (9 boys and 1 girl). Data analysis was conducted using a parametric statistical method, specifically the Paired T-Test, through SPSS version 25.0. Results: The study revealed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) with a mean pretest-posttest score difference of 12.7, indicating a statistically significant improvement in reading skills before and after the 4QM intervention. Among the diagnoses, children with ASD exhibited the greatest improvement in reading skills following the 4QM intervention, compared to those with ADD, ADHD, and dyslexia. Conclusion: The implementation of the Four-Quadranti Modeli ofi Facilitatedi Learningi (4QM)i significantlyi influencesi thei readingi developmenti ofi childreni withi special needs. Keywords: reading, ABK, dyslexia, WCPM, 4QM

Upaya Peningkatan Media Wordwall terhadap Motivasi Belajar pada Pelajaran SKI Materi Kisah Teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW Kelas V MI Islamiyyah Kraksaan

This study aims to examine the impact of utilizing the Wordwall interactive media on student motivation in learning Islamic Cultural History (SKI), focusing on the exemplary stories of Prophet Muhammad SAW for Grade V students at MI Islamiyyah Kraksaan. This research employs a quantitative experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design involving 25 students as participants. The results reveal that the application of Wordwall significantly enhances student motivation, with a 20% average increase in pretest-posttest scores. Observations show heightened student engagement during lessons, marked by active participation in discussions, asking questions, and completing tasks. Additionally, Wordwall facilitates better understanding and retention of moral values exemplified by Prophet Muhammad SAW, such as honesty, patience, and compassion. Challenges include the necessity of stable internet access and device availability. This study underscores Wordwall's potential as an effective educational tool to create a more interactive, enjoyable, and meaningful learning experience.

Assessment of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Enhancing Clinical Knowledge in Neonatal Care Settings With High Antimicrobial Resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, which is particularly challenging in developing countries like India. This study attempts to determine the competencies of health care professionals and to update evidence-based policies to address AMR. A survey-based educational interventional study was conducted using a validated structured survey and knowledge questionnaire under 3 domains through an antimicrobial stewardship program. Pooled data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Out of 58 participants, 53 (91%) have observed an increasing trend of multidrug-resistant infections over the last 5years. There is a significant difference between the overall pretest mean scores (8.12±2.10) and posttest mean scores (12.5±1.49) of clinicians' knowledge with a mean difference of 4.38±0.61, 95% CI of 5.003-3.92, t(57)=16.62, P <.001). The antimicrobial stewardship program was effective in improving the competencies of clinical physicians to improve antimicrobial prescribing and reduce AMR. Moreover, improving the knowledge and competencies among health care professionals will minimize neonatal morbidity and mortality.

The Influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model on Student's Science Process Skills and Critical Thinking

Applying the project-based learning model in learning can train and develop scientific attitudes and problem-solving skills so that students can increase creativity, innovation, and critical perspectives. This research aims to determine the effect of the project-based learning model on student's science process skills and critical thinking. The research subjects of class X Phase E. This research was quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design with a non-randomized control-group pretest-posttest design. The instruments used are essay questions on science process skills and critical thinking. The test results were analyzed using Quade's rank analysis of covariance statistical test and the One Way Ancova test. The research results show that the average pretest-posttest score of experimental class students taught using the project-based learning model is higher than that of control class students taught using the problem-based learning (PBL) model. Hypothesis testing using Quade's rank analysis of Covariance and One Way Ancova tets informs that the use of the project-based (PjBL) model affects student's science process skills and critical thinking.

Edukasi SWADAIA: Swamedikasi Dispepsia Berbasis Kasus dan Video pada Masyarakat Desa Sungai Kakap, Kabupaten Kubu Raya

The prevalence of dyspepsia in Sungai Kakap Village is ranked third largest based on data from the Sungai Kakap Community Health Center, Kab. Kubu Raya with an incidence of 1,636 cases in 2023. One of the problems experienced by dyspepsia patients is inappropriate self-medication or self-medication. This Community Service Activity (PKM) is aimed at PKK members and Posyandu cadres because they are part of the community and are also an extension of health workers in helping solve problems experienced by dyspepsia patients. The method used in this PKM is case-based and educational videos. This PKM activity consists of several activities including preparation of activities; orientation and coordination of activities; selecting the target audience for educational media creation activities; providing pre-tests and cases at the beginning of activities; providing educational materials; discussion; post-test; evaluation of activity implementation; and data analysis. The output of this community service is publication in local electronic media in West Kalimantan (Suara Pemred/Tanjungpura Times), publication of scientific articles in the Sinta 4 accredited journal " PengabdianMu ", Copyright of educational videos and videos of implementation of activities on the FK UNTAN YouTube channel. The overall results obtained were an increase in knowledge of 27.19% with an average pre-test score (60.6) and post-test score (77.08). According to the evaluation of activities through questionnaires, participants considered the material presented to be very interesting, and the learning media provided was considered to provide new knowledge.

Can Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Revolutionize Cadets’ Speaking Skills in Maritime English?

Effective English communication is vital in the global maritime industry. Maritime English, a branch of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), addresses the needs of maritime professionals. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) uses real-life scenarios, making it ideal for vocational training. This means practicing real shipboard situations for maritime cadets, leading to effective learning. This study investigates the effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on cadets’ speaking skills when learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instructional materials. The study applied a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent group design, involving 48 cadets from the deck study program at the Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar, Indonesia. The results indicate a significant improvement in the pretest-posttest scores, analyzed using a statistical test with the prerequisite data being normally distributed. The hypothesis test results, with a significance value of 0.000, confirm that there were differences in the speaking skills of the cadets at the Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Makassar after applying the CTL model in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instructional materials. The findings highlight that the CTL model positively impacts and optimally influences the teaching and learning process in speaking skills when cadets learn ESP materials. This approach increases cadets' confidence and encourages them to be active learners based on their real experiences.

Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Peran terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Kelas 3 MIN 3 Kepulauan Selayar

The main problem in this research is how the application of the role playing method affects the learning outcomes of speaking skills for class III MIN 3 Selayar Islands. This research aims to determine the effect of applying the role-playing method on the speaking skills learning outcomes for class III MIN 3 Selayar Islands. This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental type of research, meaning the experimental method is to study the influence of certain variables on other variables, through trials. under specially created conditions. To analyze the data that will be obtained from the research results, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will be used. The data collected in the form of pretest scores and posttest scores were then compared. The results of the research show that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted, meaning that there is an influence of the use of the role-playing method on the speaking ability of Class 3 MIN 3 Selayar Islands students. The test results show that there are differences in scores in students' speaking abilities before and after learning the role-playing method. The average value of students before and after using different role playing methods.

Development of e-pub-based e-modules on plant structure and development to improve students' problem-solving skills

One of the efforts to train and improve problem-solving skills is by developing teaching materials in the form of e-pub-based e-modules that contain problem-based learning. This research aims to produce e-modules based on e-pub plant structure and development that are valid, practical, and effective. The development of teaching materials follows the ADDIE instructional design model. The instruments used were e-pub-based e-module validation sheets by expert lecturers as well as student response questionnaires and pretest-posttest scores of problem-solving skills analyzed using the One Way Ancova test. The results of research and development showed that the acquisition of validation scores by teaching material experts was 100%, material experts were 100%, education practitioners were 99%, student response results were 87.05% and effectiveness results were 0.009&lt;0.05 so the use of e-pub-based e-modules was effective in the learning process. The conclusion of the study is that the epub-based e-module is very valid, very practical, and effective as a teaching material that can be used by students in learning.

THE USE OF GAME TEACHING METHOD FOR CHINESE SPEAKING SKILL OF GRADE 5 STUDENTS IN CHACHOENGSAO PROVINCE, THAILAND

This study aimed to compare the Chinese speaking skills of grade 5 students before and after using the game teaching method, as well as assess their satisfaction with its use in a Chinese speaking course. The participants consisted of 41 Thai students in Grade 5 in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. We collected data using four lesson plans, a pre-test, a post-test, and a questionnaire, and used descriptive statistical analysis and paired sample mean differences for analysis. A school in Chachoengsao Province conducted the teaching experiment and collected the data over a four-week period. Pre-test and post-test results showed a significant improvement in participants' Chinese speaking skills, with a mean difference of 3.53 points between pre-test scores (=16.02, SD=2.49) and post-test scores (=12.49, SD=2.57). All items in the questionnaire received high ratings, according to the collected data from the questionnaire. The majority of participants expressed satisfaction with the application of the game teaching method to Chinese-speaking learning. This study demonstrated that the game teaching method provided an alternative and effective way of learning Chinese in Thailand.

Melatih Academic Hardiness Melalui Petualangan: Dampak Adventure Based Counseling pada Siswa

The learning problem of students who are active in various activities makes some students feel less responsive to facing new learning or activities to support the continuity of the learning process. The point that researchers see is the phenomenon of low academic hardiness in students. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of the Adventure Based Counseling (ABC) technical group counseling service to increase students' academic hardiness. The research method used was pre-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design model. The research subjects were 6 students using purposive sampling with existing criteria for subjects ranging from a low score of 28-56. This research uses the academic hardiness scale instrument. Data analysis used the Wilxocon test with a normality test and homogeneity test carried out first. Result of thi research is there is a difference in the pretest score and posttest score so it can be concluded that advnture based counseling technique group counseling services are effective in increasing students' academic hardiness

Implementation of Peer Instruction Method on Teaching of Acids and Bases to 12th Grade Students: An Action Research

This study aims to investigate the applicability and effectiveness of the peer instruction method on teaching the subject of acids and bases at the 12th grade level. In addition, it is aimed to determine the effect of peer instruction on students’ attitudes towards chemistry and in-class discussion, and to examine opinions of students to peer instruction after implementation. The sample of the study consists of 21 12th grade students in a private high school. During the research process, the unit of acids and bases was covered by the researcher with the peer teaching method and implementation was completed in 5 weeks. In this study, which was designed as an action research, qualitative and quantitative data were used together. Quantitative data were collected through acids-bases concept test (ABCT), chemistry attitude scale (CAS), argumentativeness scale (AS), concept questions, and qualitative data were collected through method opinion scale (MOS), semi-structured interview, and observation. The analysis of the data was carried out using quantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed that there was a notable increase in the academic achievement of the students after the implementation. Furthermore, the results obtained from ABCT and semi-structured interviews indicated that peer instruction improved students’ conceptual learning, and also it is effective in eliminating misconceptions. Although the pretest-posttest scores of CAS and AS did not demonstrate a considerable statistical difference, observation and semi-structured interview data pointed out that students’ attitudes towards chemistry and in-class discussion increased positively. At the end of the implementation, it was observed that students’ attitudes towards the peer instruction method are positive and students found it very useful and effective.

Enhancing Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills using Lectora Inspire Interactive Learning Media in the Discovery Learning

Critical thinking skills are one of the abilities that everyone must have to face the challenges of the 21st century. The use of interactive learning media lectora inspire in discovery learning can facilitate to develop students' mathematical critical thinking skills. Therefore, a study was conducted that aims to see the improvement of critical thinking skills using lectora inspire interactive learning media in the discovery learning model. This research is included in the pre-experimental design with the research design used is a single group one-group pretest-posttest design. The samples used in this study were 26 eighth-grade students in Pekanbaru, Riau. Data analysis techniques using Normality - Gain (N-Gain) test and t-test. The N-gain value obtained was 0.59 with moderate criteria. Based on the T-test results, there is a significant difference in the average pretest score and posttest score. The level of effectiveness occurs in the posttest after using lectora inspire interactive learning media, so the use of lectora inspire interactive learning media in the discovery learning model can improve students' mathematical critical thinking skills. This research makes a significant contribution to the innovation of mathematics learning in Indonesia, by offering a more effective and fun approach. The findings are expected to be a reference for educators, researchers, and educational policy makers in an effort to enhance the quality of mathematics learning.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a video-based educational intervention on perinatal mental health related stigma reduction strategies for healthcare professionals: A single group pre-test-post-test pilot study

BackgroundHealthcare professionals have a role to play in reducing perinatal mental health related stigma. AimTo assess the effectiveness of a video-based educational intervention developed to provide guidance to healthcare professionals on perinatal mental health related stigma reduction strategies. DesignA single group pre-test-post-test pilot study with no control group. Setting(s)A university affiliated maternity hospital in Ireland ParticipantsA convenience sample of registered midwives, nurses and doctors (n = 60) recruited from October 2020-January 2021. InterventionA twenty-minute video-based educational intervention. MethodsRespondents (n = 60) completed a pre-test (time point one) and post-test (time point-two) questionnaire, and a three-month follow-up post-test questionnaire (time point-three) (n = 39). The questionnaire included the Mental Illness Clinicians' Attitudes Scale, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale, Reynolds Empathy Scale and open-ended questions. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was selected to evaluate the pre-test post-test scores. ResultsThe difference in mean Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes-4 scores were statistically significant between time points one and three (z = 3.27, df=36, P = 0.0007) suggesting more positive attitudes towards people with mental health conditions after the intervention. The mean total score for the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale increased from 18.7 (SD 1.87) at time point one to 19.2 (SD 1.60) at time point two (z= -3.368, df=59, P = 0.0004) suggesting an increase in positive intended behaviours towards those with mental health issues immediately following the intervention. These findings were also corroborated by responses to open-ended survey questions. ConclusionsFurther research with a larger sample of healthcare professionals evaluated over a longer period would provide further evidence for the sustainability of the intervention. TweetableAbstract: A video-based intervention can increase healthcare professionals’ knowledge of perinatal #mentalhealth related stigma reduction strategies @Journal. Link to article

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KARTU PINTAR BERBASIS VIDEO ANIMASI TIGA DIMENSI DENGAN PENGINTEGRASIAN KEARIFAN LOKAL UNTUK PENINGKATAN KOSAKATA BAHASA JAWA SISWA KELAS III SDN PETOMPON 01 SEMARANG

The use of Javanese vocabulary at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang was not optimal. This wasbecause children locked practice in speaking Javanese and also the use of learning media is stillminimal. Responding to this phenomenon, researchers developed smart card learning media basedon Three-Dimensional Animation Videos with the integration of local wisdom to fosterenthusiasm and increase the use of Javanese vocabulary in the school. The research was carriedout on 2 July - 24 August 2023 at SDN Pentompon 01 Semarang. This research used R&amp;D(Research and Development) with a qualitative approach. The research population was allstudents in class IIIA at SDN Petompon 01 Semarang, totaling 16 students. Small group trialresearch sample testing was carried out in class IIIB using a purposive sampling technique bytaking 6 students based on class ranking, namely three students in the top rank, two students inthe middle rank, and one student in the bottom rank. Large group trials were carried out in ClassIIIA. The dependent variable of this research was increasing Javanese vocabulary, while theindependent variable is developing smart card learning media based on Three-DimensionalAnimation Videos with the integration of local wisdom. The data collection techniques used wereobservation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires and tests. The instruments used areobservation guidelines, interview guidelines, questionnaire sheets, and test questions. Productdata analysis techniques and initial data analysis consist of a normality test and homogeneity testas well as final data analysis consisting of the N-Gain Test and also the T-test. The researchresults showed that an average of 61 pretest results and posttest scores showed an increase in theaverage student score of 67.5333 with a percentage increase of 41% in the pretest results and 44%in the posttest results with details of 10 students who did not complete. and 6 students completedit so it can be concluded that three-dimensional animated video-based learning media is quitefeasible and effective for use in learning Javanese

The possible impact of segmenting radiological images on students’ spatial abilities

Visuospatial ability plays a crucial role in anatomy related study success as studies have shown that students with high scores on a mental rotation test (MRT) perform better on anatomy exams. We hypothesized that segmenting anatomical structures on radiological images might impact students’ visuospatial abilities as measured by MRT scores. Second-year (bio)medical students who participated in a 10-week elective course were recruited for this study. All students completed an MRT questionnaire at the beginning of the elective course and another at the end of the elective course. During the elective course, students manually segmented radiological images (e.g., computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data) to construct extended reality models. In total, twenty-eight students (17 males, 25 studied medicine) provided consent to participate in this study. A significant difference in mean pre-test scores (mean: 14.46; SD: ± 4.36) and post-test scores (mean: 17.56; SD: ± 4.57) (paired samples t-test, t(27) = −8.30, P < 0.001) was observed. Males had significantly better MRT scores, both at the pre- and at the post-test MRT. The results from this study should be interpretated with some caution due to the lack of a control group. The use of image segmentation as a teaching method to help (bio)medical students, especially those with low visuospatial insights, should be further investigated In future studies with larger cohorts and using a case–control experimental design.

Pengembangan Media Menggunakan Aplikasi Book Creator pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar

This research is motivated by the use of technology in the learning process which can provide a positive influence that can increase teaching effectiveness and learning achievements. Media Book Creator can increase students' learning motivation and can create a meaningful and enjoyable learning atmosphere for students. The aim of this research is to develop media using the Book Creator Application for Learning Pancasila Education in Elementary Schools that is valid, practical and effective. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&amp;D) with the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The subjects of this research were class IV students at SDN 11 Bukit Apit Puhun for the trial school and SDN 02 Pilot Bukittinggi for the research school. Data from this research were obtained from validation sheets, practicality sheets, and pretest-posttest scores. The validation results were 90% for material experts, 95% for language experts and 90% for media experts in the very valid category. The results of the practicality test at the trial school on the teacher response questionnaire got a percentage of 95% in the very practical category and the results of the practicality test of the student response questionnaire got a percentage of 95.9% in the very practical category. Meanwhile, the results of the practicality test in the research school on the teacher response questionnaire got a percentage of 97.5% in the very practical category and the practicality test results of the student response questionnaire got a percentage of 96.6% in the very practical category. The effectiveness test results obtained a result of 90.2% in the very high category. Thus it can be concluded that the media using the Book Creator application in Pancasila Education Learning in Elementary Schools is valid, practical and effective in use.

Virtual Reality Simulation for the Acquisition and Retention of Electrocardiogram Interpretation Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Undergraduate Medical Students.

Introduction The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most important tools in diagnosing cardiac abnormalities, particularly arrhythmias and myocardial infarction. It is one of the certifiable competencies for final-year medical undergraduate students. We determined virtual reality's effectiveness in acquiring and retaining ECG interpretation skills among medical students compared to traditional teaching. Methods One hundred and forty students were randomized into two groups. Seventy-one students (immersion group) were trained using virtual reality simulation to acquire and retain interpretation skills of normal and abnormal ECG. Sixty-nine students(traditional group) were trained in the classroom using chalk and board. The primary outcome of change in acquiring knowledge of the interpretation of ECG was determined by comparing pre and post-test scores. The secondary outcome of retention of knowledge was determined by comparing pre-test and second post-test scores conducted after eight weeks of intervention. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Out of 140 students, 50 (35.7%) were males and 90 (64.3%) were female. The mean age of the students was 22.1 (SD1.1), with 69.3% of them between the ages of 21 and 22 years.Mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of normal ECG among immersion and traditional groups were 9.8(SD8.4) and 8.3(SD7.5), respectively, and post-test scores for the acquisition of knowledge were 24.3(SD5.5) and 24.8(SD6.3), respectively. The post-test scores for retention skills were 25.3(SD5.6) and 20.7 (SD6.9) respectively (p<0.001).The mean pre-test scores for the interpretation of abnormal ECG of both groups were 7.0(SD6) and 8.3 (SD6.6), respectively. Mean post-test scores for acquiring knowledge to interpret abnormal ECG were 23.5(SD6.2) and 17.7 (SD9), respectively(p<0.001), and mean post-test scores for retention of interpretation skillsof abnormal ECG were 19.2 (SD - 6.9) and 13.3 (SD10.2) respectively (p=0.001). The pairwise comparison of the immersion group indicates that all the combinations that changed in score from the pre to post-intervention time points, from pre-to-retention time, and from the post-to-retention time were significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Virtual reality teaching had a better impact on acquiring and retaining the skill for interpreting normal and abnormal electrocardiograms.

Alternative Virtual Lab-Based Practical Learning Model to Improve Scientific Attitude and Science Process Skills

A virtual laboratory is computer software that has the ability to perform mathematical modeling of computer devices presented in the form of simulations. Virtual laboratories are not a substitute for real laboratories, but are used to complement and improve the weaknesses of real laboratories. This research aims to determine the effect of virtual labs on science education students' scientific attitude abilities and science process skills in science courses. The design of this research is a repeated pre-experiment without a control class, with a one-group and pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 60 students of the science education study program at Makassar State University, Indonesia, used as experiment 1 group A (n = 30), experiment 2 group B (n = 30). Two groups (experiment 1 and experiment 2) were tested with a pretest and posttest. Each group uses a virtual lab-based practical model (PbVLab). Scientific attitudes and scientific skills were measured using multiple choice tests before and after treatment. The mixed method ANOVA statistical test was used to determine how effective the use of PbVLab was in improving scientific attitudes and science process skills. The results of testing research based on Within-Subjects Effects showed that there was no difference between the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and scientific skills (F = 0.00; p &lt; 0.05) in each group. The results of the pairwise comparison showed a significance value of &lt;0.05, and there was a significant increase in the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and science process skills in each group. The effect size results (partial eta squared) show that experimental group 1 experienced an increase in scientific attitudes by 52%; science process skills 53%, experimental group 2 scientific attitudes 54% and science process skills 56%. So, it can be concluded that experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (PbVab model) provide the most effective contribution to improving scientific attitudes and science process skills.

Effect of an educational intervention package on knowledge, perception and behavioral intention for breast cancer screening among adolescent students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the second most common in Nepal. This study assessed the effect of an educational intervention package on knowledge, perception, and behavioral intention for breast cancer screening among adolescent students of Kathmandu Metropolitan City.Methods: A pretest -posttest control group study design was used. Each intervention and control groups included 159 participants, selected from two randomly chosen public secondary schools. Both groups completed self-administered pretest-posttest questionnaires. Educational intervention was given to the intervention group. Data was entered in EpiData 3.1 and analysed by using IBM SPSS 16 version. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test compared the difference in pretest-posttest scores within groups, and the Mann-Whitney U tested the difference between the control and the intervention groups. Results: In pretest-posttest comparisons, the intervention group showed an increase in the percentage of participants scoring at least the median value across knowledge (change: 18.0%, p&lt;0.001), overall perception (change: 20.8%, p &lt;0.001), and behavioral intention (change: 56.6%, p&lt;0.001). There was significant increase in knowledge, perception, and behavioral intention among the intervention group compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The educational intervention package showed a notable effect in increasing adolescent students’ intention to get screened for breast cancer. This study emphasizes the need to incorporate breast cancer screening programs into school-level curricula. In addition, this encourages adolescents to take a proactive stance when it comes to health consciousness.