Pretest-posttest Control Group Design Research Articles

The Effect of STAD-Cooperative Learning Model with Concept Maps in Promoting Students’ Self-Efficacy and Conceptual Understanding of Thermochemistry

The research sought to explore how employing the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model, along with concept maps, impacts the enhancement of students' self-efficacy and grasp of thermochemistry concepts. This study employed a quasi-experimental approach using a pretest-posttest control group design. It was carried out among 127 11th-grade science students from MAN 1 Bengkulu City, chosen through cluster random sampling. The information was gathered by utilizing self-efficacy questionnaires and conceptual understanding tests and was analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The findings indicated that the obtained p-value was less than 0.05 (p<0.05), revealing a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy and conceptual understanding between students in the experimental and control groups. This suggests that students in the experimental group showed greater enhancements in self-efficacy and conceptual understanding when compared to those in the controlled group. Thus, These findings revealed that STAD-cooperative learning with concept maps had a better influence in enhancing self-efficacy and student conceptual understanding of thermochemistry.

THE INFLUENCE OF KURIKULUM MERDEKA ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF EDUCATIONAL CONCEPTS OF GRADE IV STUDENTS OF SDN 71 PALEMBANG

This study aims to determine the effect of Merdeka Curriculum learning on understanding the concept of education for fourth grade students of SD Negeri 71 Palembang. The Merdeka Curriculum is expected to increase student involvement and creativity in learning, especially in subjects that are often considered boring and theoretical. The method used in this research is a quantitative experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consists of two groups, namely the experimental group taught using the Merdeka Curriculum approach and the control group using conventional learning. Data were collected through multiple choice tests that measured students' understanding of the principles of Pancasila and citizenship. The results showed that learning with the Merdeka Curriculum had a significant effect on student understanding, with a t_count value of 12.430 which is greater than the t_table of 2.015. This study concludes that the application of Merdeka Curriculum can improve students' understanding of the concept of Citizenship, especially in understanding bad behavior in oneself and the environment.

Designing and evaluating ECG interpretation software for undergraduate nursing students in Iran: a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design.

It is essential for nurses to interpret electrocardiograms accurately in cardiac care and emergency departments. Despite rigorous training, nursing students frequently encounter challenges in mastering electrocardiogram interpretation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrocardiogram interpretation software specifically designed for Iranian nursing students enrolled in undergraduate programs. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted at Ramsar University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Using the census sampling method, 75 nursing students from the two educational hospitals were recruited. Participants were divided into two intervention groups and a control group according to their rotations at their respective hospitals. The software contains evidence-based guidelines, interactive learning modules, practice exercises, and real-life examples. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and t tests, were conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. A comparison of the two groups according to demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The knowledge and skills of the individuals in the control group significantly improved in comparison to those before the intervention. The use of software enhanced students' ability to interpret electrocardiograms. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge and skills of electrocardiogram interpretation. Nursing students reported higher levels of satisfaction after using the software. Moreover, undergraduate nursing students were able to learn more using electrocardiogram interpretation software combined with traditional teaching methods. Combining these two methods in a blended learning approach can improve learning. This software can be integrated into nursing curricula to assist nursing students in interpreting electrocardiograms.

The Effect of Audio Visual and Booklet to Increase Behaviour of Screening IVA Test at Sukarasa Public Health Center

Introduction: Women's health is an indicator of health achievement in the world, including in Indonesia. Cervical cancer is a female cancer that causes the most deaths due to cancer, especially in developing countries. Objective: The study aims to analyse the effect of audio-visual and booklet in education to increase behavior of screening IVA test at the Sukarasa Public Health Center Area. Method: This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest posttest non-equivalent control group design. Data analysis in this study used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using paired T-test, independent T-test, Mc-Namer, chi-square and multivariate test using multiple logistic regression. Results: The results of this study show that the results of the paired T-test of knowledge have a p-value (p=0.001) in the intervention and the control (p=0.724). In the attitude category, p-value is a (p=0.001) in the intervention and the control (p=0.469) so it can be concluded that there are differences in knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention. In the practice category using the Mc-Nemar test produced a p-value (p=0.001) in the intervention and control so that there were differences in practice before and after intervention. The results of the independent T-Test showed a p-value for knowledge (p=0.001) and attitude (p=0.001), which means there were differences after the intervention. The results of knowledge and attitudes the chi-square test show (p=0.001), which means there is a relationship between knowledge with practice, and attitude with practice. Multivariate test on knowledge of occupational confounders. In attitude there is a confounder of education, while in practice there are confounders, namely age and education. Conclusion: Audio visual and booklet can increase behaviour of screening IVA Test at the Sukarasa Community Health Center, Bandung City.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL COMICS ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES

This study aims to determine whether or not there is an influence of digital comics on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students on single substance and mixed substance material. The research method used was quantitative with true experimental and was designed using a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design research design. The sample size for the research was 58 students who were divided into 2 groups, namely class V.A, which had 29 students as the experimental class and class V.B, which had 29 students as the control class. levence statistics, hypothesis testing using the t-test stated that both classes showed an rcount7.588 >ttable 1.672and the sig (2-tailed) value shows 0.000 < 0,05of So it can be concluded that Ha is accepted. Based on this research data, it can be proven that there is an influence of digital comics on the science learning outcomes of fifth grade elementary school students in single substance and mixed substance materials.

The Effect of Interactive Learning Media on Students' Understanding of Basic Mathematical Concepts in SDN 1 Tebaban

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of interactive learning media (wordwall) on the understanding of basic mathematical concepts of grade IV students at SDN 1 Tebaban. This type of research is a quantitative research of experimental methods with a quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study is class IV A and IV B which totals 35 students. The sample of this study uses a saturated sampling technique. The data collection technique in this study uses observation sheets, questionnaire sheets and pretest and posttest test sheets. The data analysis techniques in this study include observation and questionnaire data analysis, descriptive analysis, normality test, variance homogeneity test and independent samples test. The results of the observation sheet showed that the students' understanding of basic mathematical concepts in the experimental class reached 75% ('Very Good'), higher than the control class which only reached 62.99% ('Good'). Based on the results of the questionnaire, the use of wordwall interactive media was proven to be more effective in improving students' understanding than mind mapping learning media and teaching aids in the control class, with 91% of students in the experimental class supporting the use of wordwalls, compared to 80% in the control class. The t-test showed a value of Sig. (2-tailed) 0.02, so that the alternative hypothesis was accepted, indicating a significant influence of interactive learning media on the understanding of mathematical concepts of grade IV students at SDN 1 Tebaban.

Teacher support in AI-assisted exams: an experimental study to inspect the effects on demotivation, anxiety management in exams, L2 learning experience, and academic success

Although AI technologies show great promise for education, their inclusion into assessment systems has generated debates regarding student motivation, anxiety, learning opportunities, and academic results. This study explored the influence of teacher support in AI-assisted exams on L2 learners’ demotivation, anxiety, L2 learning experience, and academic success. Conducted at a large university in Ethiopia, participants included 92 BA Management students from two intact classes, equally distributed by gender and ranging in age from 18 to 23. The two intact classes were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design, the study administered an Oxford Quick Placement Test, the Academic Motivation Scale, the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, the L2 Learning Experience Scale, and a researcher-made test to assess academic success. The AI tools integrated into the exams included automated assessment and feedback systems to enhance learner engagement. Chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests revealed significant positive effects of teacher support on reducing demotivation and anxiety, enhancing L2 learning experiences, and improving academic success in the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the benefits of combining AI tools with teacher support. These findings suggest that teacher support in AI-assisted exams can substantially benefit L2 learners. Additionally, the findings indicate that AI-assisted exams can considerably improve learning outcomes when paired with effective teacher involvement, highlighting implications for various stakeholders in L2 instruction. Implications of the study, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Powtoon pada Materi Sel Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Pesantren Guppi Samata

This research covers the application of PowToon learning media to improve student learning outcomes in Cell material. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the use of PowToon learning media on the learning outcomes of students in the material of Cell XI MA MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School. This study included a pseudo-experiment using a non-equivalent pretest posttest control group design. The population in this study is all students of class XI MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School consisting of 2 classes. The sampling technique in this study is by using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument is in the form of a learning outcome test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that students who were taught using PowToon learning media had an average learning outcome of 87.36, while students who were taught using Conventional learning media (Biology Package books) had an average learning outcome of 71.3. The results of inferential statistical analysis obtained a sign value for learning outcomes of 0.000, this value shows that sign < α = 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the application of PowToon learning media has an effect on the learning outcomes of students in the Class XI Cell material of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques in Group Settings to Reduce Smoking Behavior in Adolescents

There are numerous factors that drive adolescents to smoke, one of which is the presence of negative or irrational thoughts related to smoking behavior itself. Such thoughts include beliefs that smoking makes them appear more masculine, more accepted within their social circles, among other irrational perceptions. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) using cognitive restructuring techniques in a group setting to reduce smoking frequency in adolescents by addressing their irrational thought patterns. A quantitative experimental method was employed, using a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 8 students were randomly assigned to two groups. Data analysis was conducted using parametric statistical tests, specifically the independent sample t-test and the correlated/paired sample t-test. The results indicate that cognitive restructuring techniques applied in group setting significantly reduce smoking behavior among adolescents.

How does the application of low impact out bound locomotor games affect the physical fitness of children with moderate disabilities?

Physical fitness is an important element in the physical and mental development of children, including those with learning disabilities. Children with dementia often face various challenges that may hinder their participation in conventional physical activities. As a result, they are at risk of health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disorders, and decreased overall quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to provide locomotor movement activities, namely playing outside the classroom or outdoors or outbound to improve the physical fitness of children with intellectual disabilities. This research is experimental research, research design with pretest-posttest control group design experimental research design used to measure the variable effect of outbound low impact locomotor games, namely game activities walking in a 10 m stove, running in a straight line 10 m, jumping times 30 cm, jumping holes 30 cm with light intensity. The population of the study was 42 children with disabilities at SLBN Marsudi Putra I Manding Bantul Yogyakarta, 30 children with moderate disabilities, the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, namely the control group and the treated group for 2 months per week twice. Initial data processing, the data was processed using descriptive statistics. Furthermore, the normality test was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk test with a significance level of α = 0.01. The homogeneity test used Barlett's test with a significance level of α = 0.01. All data were tested using analysis with a significance level of α = 0.01. Before conducting the t test, the data was tested using the normality test and homogeneity test first as a prerequisite test. There is an effect of giving outbound low impact locomotor games on increasing the physical fitness of moderate deaf children assessed from the aspects of running 30 m, moving the ball, shuttle run 10 m, lifting barbells, and lying down. This shows that the data for running 30 m, moving the ball, shuttle run 10 m the experimental group has a faster average time than the control group. While the data on lifting barbells and lying sitting and resting obtained by the experimental group average is higher or the number is more than the control group. This research highlights the importance of integrating fun and inclusive physical activities in fitness programs for children with disabilities. By doing so, they can enjoy better health benefits and improve their overall quality of life.

Effect Of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Introduction: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder suffered by patients with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing hemodialis. Depression can lead to decreased quality of life and increase the economic burden on the health system. CBT is a validated treatment for depression, and there has been no research yet on CBT in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in RSUD, Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. To prove the effect of CBT on the improvement of depression in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in RSUD, Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Methods: Experimental study with use of randomized, pretest-posttest control group design. Respondents meeting the criteria were divided by random allocation, treatment by CBT for as many as 17 respondents, and even as much control as 20 respondents. The mean age of the treatment group was 37.24 and the control group was 44.45, with a range of 21–60 years old, who experienced mild and moderate depression without antidepressants. Treatment consists of 4 sessions, 45 minutes each session, once a week. Effectiveness was measured using BDI instruments. Results: There were significant differences in pre- and post-depression scores in the treatment group (p = 0.007), and there were significant differences in depression improvement between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.006). Depression improvement in the treatment group was 64.7% compared to the control group’s 25.0%. Conclusion: CBT can improve mild and moderate depression without antidepressants (NNT = 3) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment at RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.

Transformative Sustainable Education Approach as Environmental Literacy Transformation: Case Study of Ecosystem Material in Elementary Schools

The adiwiyata program has been implemented in several elementary schools in Indonesia, but its implementation has yet to be integrated into learning. The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the implementation of the Transformative Sustainable Education (TSE) approach in Natural and Social Science (NSS) learning; 2) To find out whether the implementation of the TSE approach is effective in improving students' environmental literacy. This TSE approach is implemented in natural and social sciences learning. This research used an experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study were 5th grade students of MIN 2 Bantul which consisted of class A and class B. The sample was selected by cluster random sampling and the students were selected. The sample was selected by cluster random sampling and class A of 29 was selected as the experimental class and class B of 28 as the control class. The instruments used in this study include observation sheets of learning implementation with the TSE approach and environmental literacy observation sheets. The results showed that: 1) The TSE approach was implemented with a percentage of 95% in the very good category; 2) The TSE approach was effective in improving environmental literacy in the medium category.

Study to examine the effect of Brain Gym on brain waves and concentration in athletes: Paper protocol

Brain function is crucial in achieving peak performance. This can determine a person’s motor control and psychological state, such as motivation, attention, goal setting, memory, self-control, decision-making, and concentration. Spontaneous activity of various physical organs such as the brain, heart, and muscles can be a reference when this behavior occurs. This protocol paper aims to determine whether brain exercises can influence athletes’ brain wave activity and concentration levels. The quasi-experimental method used a pretest-posttest control group design involving 68 futsal athletes. Group 1 will use Brain Gym with instrumental music, Group 2 will use Brain Gym with aromatherapy, and Group 3 will use Brain Gym with both aromatherapy and instrumental music. The research will take place at UNPARI, Lubuklinggau, South Sumatra. The results of this research can serve as a basis for developing mental training methods based on the psychophysiological impact of brain wave activity and athletes’ concentration. This highlights the need for better-designed training programs to optimize performance.

보편적 학습설계와 증거기반교수를 적용한 수학 수업이 초등학생의 곱셈·나눗셈 성취도와 수학적 학습 태도에 미치는 효과

Objectives The purposes of this study was to examine the effects of mathematics instruction, incorporate Universal Design for Learning(UDL) and evidence-based instruction, on the multiplication and division achievement and mathematical learning attitudes of 4th grade elementary school students with typical or low achievement in mathematics. Methods The study involved 46 subjects, comprising students from two 4th-grade classes in a public elementary school in Seoul. The subjects were divided into experimental and control groups, with each group further subdivided based on their level of mathematics achievement. The experimental design employed a pretest-posttest control group design along with a repeated measures design. Improvements in students’ multiplication and division achievements were analyzed using a hierarchical linear growth model, while differences in attitudes towards mathematical learning were assessed using paired samples t-tests and analysis of covariance(ANCOVA). Results First, the rate of change in multiplication and division achievement among students with typical math performance in the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than that in the control group. Second, the rate of change in multiplication and division achievement among students with low math performance in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Third, within the experimental group, students with low math performance demonstrated a significantly greater rate of improvement in achievement compared to students with typical math performance. Fourth, students in the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in most areas of mathematical learning attitudes. Finally, there was no statistically significant difference in mathematical learning attitudes between the two subgroups of the experimental group, except for their level of confidence in multiplication and division. Conclusions First, mathematics instruction incorporating Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and evidencebased instruction was effective in improving multiplication and division achievement as well as mathematical learning attitudes among 4th grade elementary students. Finally, it can be inferred that this approach could be an effective method for ensuring foundational academic skills and bridging achievement gaps in general education settings with diverse student characteristics.

Active Learning Strategies in Improving Middle School Students' Mathematical Abilities

Ability communication mathematics have role Which very important in learning mathematics. In mathematics ability Mathematical communication acts as a tool that students use in learning put forward idea Which they have For build knowledge the math. The low ability communication mathematical student influenced by many factors both internal and external. One of the research focuses This looks at external factors namely the learning strategy factor. To improve students' mathematical communication skills, then from teachers need to apply appropriate learning strategies. One strategy that can give chance to student role active in communicating knowledge is an Active Learning learning strategy type tutors peer.This research aims to determine the increase in students' mathematical communication skills after implementing the peer tutoring Active Learning strategy.Approach Which done in study This use approach quantitative. Approach quantitative is an approach based on interpretation of data in the form of numbers. Design study Which will used in study This is study quasi experimenter. On study This, type design Which used researcher that is design control group pretest-posttest design. The data collection technique used in this research is a test. The instruments used in this research are learning tools and test sheets.Based on the results of the research carried out, the conclusion is that the mathematical communication skills of students who apply the Active Learning learning strategy with the peer tutor type improve compared to expository learning.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Langsung Berbasis Praktikum terhadap Sikap Ilmiah Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Gangga

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of a direct, practicum-based learning model on the scientific attitudes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga, North Lombok Regency. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were all class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga, with the research sample consisting of two classes, namely class VII A with 28 students as the experimental class and class VII B with 28 students as the control class taken using random sampling techniques. Based on the research results, it is known that both classes experienced an increase in scientific attitudes. The percentage of scientific attitudes of the experimental class and control class was 74.51% and 67.65% respectively, increasing to 86.27% and 72.55%. The results of this research indicate that there is an influence of the practical-based direct learning model on the scientific attitudes of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Gangga.

Enhancing social skills: the impact of advanced physical education program development

Background: The cultivation of social behaviour during childhood and adolescence holds paramount importance, serving as a cornerstone for the establishment of robust interpersonal connections in subsequent stages of life, whether transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. Research Objective: This research aims to assess how implementing enhanced physical education influences social interactions and behaviour among adolescents. Methods: The study employed a pretest-posttest control group design, involving experimental and control groups randomly selected from high school students in the City of Aceh. The study’s population was drawn from class X students at a public high school in Aceh City, encompassing 4 classes with a total of 124 students. Cluster random sampling was employed as the sampling technique. The researcher randomly selected one class as the experimental group and another as the control group. The participants included two classes: 30 students from class 10B as the experimental group and 30 students from class 10D as the control group. Thus, the study involved a total of 60 participants. Social behaviour was evaluated using standardised questionnaires measuring various dimensions. The pre-test and post-test data analysis techniques were analysed using a homogeneity test, a normality test, and a Mann-Whitney test using SPSS version 22, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. Finding/Result: The results indicate significant improvements in social behaviour among adolescents who underwent the enhanced physical education, sports, and health program compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of integrating comprehensive physical education into high school curricula to foster positive social development among adolescents.

Stabilizing Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 DM Patients by Providing Benson Relaxation Therapy Combined with Dhikr Based on Self-Care Orem

Background: People with diabetes mellitus experience hyperglycemia, the higher the likelihood of complications if do not get the right treatment immediately. In addition, people with diabetes mellitus are prone to stress because the disease is difficult to cure and patients must take medications every day. Therefore, proper management is needed. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of self-care orem-based dhikr combination benson relaxation therapy on blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Ujungpangkah Gresik Health Center Working Area. Method: This type of research uses Quasy Experiment with Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. The sample in this study was 46 respondents, which were divided into 2 groups, namely 23 respondents for the control group and 23 respondents for the intervention group. The independent variable of this study was benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr, while the dependent variable was blood sugar levels. The data were analyzed using paired T-Test and Independent T-test tests on blood sugar level variables with kemaknaan α=0,05. Results: The results of the independent t-test on the variable of blood sugar levels with a significant level of 0.000 < α = 0.05, showed that there was an effect of the administration of benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr on blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that benson relaxation therapy combined with dhikr has an effect on blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the future, it is hoped that health workers can increase the provision of information and education evenly to health service places.

Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran E-Modul pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Bubut di SMKS Dhuafa Padang

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the use of e-module learning media on student learning outcomes in the subject of Lathe Machining Engineering class XI at SMKS Dhuafa Padang. The background of this research is the limited teaching materials and short learning time, which requires students to learn independently. The research method used is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 35 students of class XI Machining Engineering who were divided into experimental and control groups. Data were collected through learning outcome tests and analyzed using independent t-test. The results showed that: (1) the average pretest score of the experimental group was 54.77 and the control group was 61.67; (2) the average posttest score of the experimental group was 81.47 and the control group was 71.67; (3) there was a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the experimental and control groups (t = 0.549, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of e-modules is effective in improving student learning outcomes in Lathe Machining Engineering subjects. This study recommends the use of e-modules as an alternative learning media to improve student independence and learning outcomes.

The Effect of Anaerobic Interval Air Rowing Training (AIART) on Increasing Strength and Endurance of Upper Body Muscles in Rowing Athletes

This study aims to explore in depth how interval training with an Air Rower can be optimized to support maximum performance in rowing athletes. The research method applied is a true-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design, involving 20 male rowing athletes aged 18-20 years, divided into two groups: the control group (G1; n = 10), and the treatment group (G2; n = 10). The Anaerobic Interval Air Rower Training (AIART) program was conducted at an intensity of 85-95% HRmax, with a frequency of 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Data was collected by evaluating muscle strength using a dynamometer, while muscle endurance was tested using the upper body pull-up test performed over one minute. Data analysis was conducted using the independent sample t-test, and effect size evaluation was performed using Cohen's d. The results showed a significant increase in the mean delta (∆) muscle strength between G1 and G2 (0.50±0.97 vs 2.50±0.53 kg, p=0.001) and had a large effect size with a Cohen's d value of 2.558. Similarly, the mean ∆ muscle endurance showed a significant increase between G1 and G2 (0.21±0.67 vs 2.74±0.65 times, p=0.001) and had a large effect size with a Cohen's d value of 3.855. Therefore, it is concluded that the AIART intervention conducted over 6 weeks on rowing athletes is proven to be effective in improving muscle strength and endurance.