Threshold Value Of Pressure Research Articles

Spontaneous convective pattern formation in a dusty plasma

We report on experimental observations of self-sustaining convective patterns in a dusty plasma system. The experiments are carried out in a capacitively coupled radio frequency (RF) argon plasma discharge in which a dusty plasma is produced by introducing micrometer-sized melamine formaldehyde particles. A self-sustained pair of convective cells with opposite vorticities is seen to appear in a lateral view of the system, beyond some threshold values of the background gas pressure and RF power. Particle tracking velocimetry measurements reveal the existence of a dust temperature gradient that is responsible for the convective counter-rotating patterns. The origin of the kinetic temperature gradient in the absence of any external heat source is attributed to the larger ion flux induced heating of the bottom layer of the dust cloud. The velocity and vorticity of the particles in the convective cell increase with an increase in the vertical kinetic temperature gradient. The experimental results compare reasonably well with the findings of molecular dynamics simulations of the laboratory system.

Self-propulsion of a periodically forced shape-deforming submillimeter gas bubble.

The self-propulsion (translational instability) of a gas bubble in a liquid undergoing parametrically induced axisymmetric shape distortion due to being forced by a temporally sinusoidal, spatially constant acoustic field is investigated. Employing a model which accounts for the nonlinear coupling between the spherical oscillations, the axial translation and shape deformation of the bubble, the parametric excitement of two neighboring shape modes by the fundamental resonance, at the same driving frequency is studied. It is shown that provided pertinent driving pressure threshold values are exceeded, the respective shape modes are excited on different timescales. The growth of the shape mode on the faster timescale saturates giving rise to sustained constant amplitude oscillations, while the growth of the shape mode on the slower timescale is both modulated and unbounded. During the growth of the second shape mode, growing, oscillatory bubble translation is also observed.

Determining the effect of laboratory testing conditions on working parameters of the ST-25 hall thruster

The object of this study is the ST-25 Hall thruster with limited discharge power, no more than 200 W, designed by Flight Control LLC (Ukraine). The problem that was solved in the current paper was to determine the effect of residual gas pressure in vacuum chambers on the operating parameters of the Hall thruster. To solve this task, the operating parameters of the ST-25 thruster were determined, which was tested in three vacuum chambers with different sizes of residual pressure. As a result of the laboratory study into the operating parameters of the ST-25 thruster, the volt-ampere characteristics of the engine discharge at fixed values of the working gas (xenon) flow rate were obtained. The dependences of the engine thrust on the mass flow rate of the working gas at fixed values of the discharge voltage were derived. Based on the experimental data, the dependences of the specific impulse of the engine anode unit on the discharge voltage, as well as the dependence of efficiency of the engine anode unit on the discharge voltage were calculated. The studies showed that when the residual pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced by 2–3 times, the operating parameters of the engine increase by 15–20 %. Such a reduction in residual pressure increases thrust by 25–40 %. Special feature of the results is the determination of threshold values of residual gas pressure in vacuum chambers during experimental studies, in which the operating parameters of the Hall thruster are similar to its operating parameters under space conditions. This work’s findings could be used in practice when conducting experimental studies of electric rocket engines, when it is necessary to estimate the operating parameters of Hall thrusters that will be obtained under actual space conditions

Effectiveness of intra-arterial manometry in guiding femoral popliteal stent implantation: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Femoropopliteal artery occlusion is a prevalent peripheral arterial disease, and endovascular therapy has become the preferred treatment. Accurate assessment of balloon dilation efficacy is crucial for determining the necessity for subsequent stent implantation. This study aims to investigate the use of interlesion arterial pressure gradients as a novel approach to assess balloon dilation efficacy and guide stent implantation decisions. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 100 patients with femoropopliteal artery occlusion. Patients were randomized into a control group (n=50) and an experimental group (n=50). Stent implantation was performed in the control group according to standard indications, while the experimental group underwent stent implantation only if the mean arterial pressure gradient exceeded 10 mmHg or fractional flow reserve (FFR) fell below 0.85. Post-intervention, pressure measurements and angiography were used to evaluate residual stenosis, dissection, and pressure gradients. Lesions were categorized into stent-indicated and non-indicated groups. In the non-stent-indicated lesions, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher patency rates for lesions with pFFR < 0.85 or ΔP > 10 mmHg compared to the control group (92.9% vs. 50.0%, P=0.039). There was no significant difference in patency rates between the experimental and control groups for stent-indicated lesions. Combining pressure measurement with angiography provides a more precise evaluation of balloon dilation efficacy and stent implantation indicators in femoropopliteal artery occlusive disease. Further research is needed to establish optimal pressure threshold values and refine treatment guidelines.

Study and application of reasonable parameters for hydraulic punching of layer penetration boreholes in Changping Coal Mine

AbstractAiming at the application of hydraulic punching technology in soft, low permeability, and high gas coal seams in Changping Coal Mine, there are problems such as large workload, poor permeability enhancement effect, and the formation of “blank zones” in the pressure relief and permeability enhancement areas caused by workers' blind construction. By using a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on‐site practice, the threshold pressure for punching and breaking coal was calculated. The simulation analysis determined the reasonable key parameters for hydraulic punching through layered drilling, providing theoretical support for engineering applications; and the application effect of key parameters was investigated in the 5302 bottom extraction roadway of Changping Coal Mine. The research results show that the threshold value of incident pressure for punching and breaking coal in the No. 3 coal seam of Changping Coal Mine is 4.26 MPa, the reasonable hydraulic punching water pressure is 15 MPa, the punching angle is 60°, the diameter of the punching hole is not more than 0.8 m, and the punching time is 120 min; when the punching water pressure is lower than 4.0 MPa, effective coal flushing cannot be achieved. When the water pressure is between 4.0 and 15.0 MPa, the total amount of coal flushing is positively correlated with the punching water pressure; under the determined reasonable parameter punching conditions, the extraction influence radius is 8.9 m, the effective extraction radius is 5 m, and the average pure gas extraction volume is 0.089 m3/min. Under this parameter, hydraulic punching technology effectively improves the permeability characteristics of coal seams, which is conducive to long‐term gas extraction and has a significant effect on pressure relief and drainage promotion.

Comparison of Static and Dynamic Myofascial Decompression on Gastrosoleus Muscle Power and Latent Trigger Point Pain in Normal Healthy Women

ABSTRACT Objectives: Muscle performance is an essential component of an individual that is influenced by physiological, anatomical, psychological, and biomechanical factors. It includes flexibility, muscle strength, agility, and cardiovascular and aerobic endurance. Treatment approaches like stretching and myofascial decompression help improve flexibility and thereby muscle performance. This study explores the effects of static and dynamic myofascial decompression on gastro soleus trigger point pain and power. Materials and Methods: 105 healthy normal women in the age group of 20-30 yrs were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups by simple random sampling using the chit method. Group A received static myofascial decompression, dynamic stretching, and cryotherapy. Group B received dynamic myofascial decompression, dynamic stretching, and cryotherapy whereas Group C received dynamic stretching and cryotherapy. Lower extremity muscle power and functional performance were tested by Vertical jump height. The Gastrosoleus muscle’s myofascial trigger point pain sensitivity was measured with a pressure algometer. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS. The difference in the mean Vertical jump height and pain pressure threshold values between the groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Intra-group analysis was done using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P &lt; 0.05, at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Participants in all three groups showed clinical improvement, however, the differences in the three groups were not statistically significant. In the dynamic myofascial decompression group, a significant (P &lt; 0.05) carry-over effect was seen in the vertical jump height test post 5 days of intervention. Conclusion: Static and Dynamic myofascial decompression are equally effective in reducing pain and improving gastro soleus muscle power in subjects with latent trigger points. There was a sustained carry-over effect was seen in the vertical jump height test in the dynamic myofascial decompression group after 5 days of intervention.

Investigation of coordinated behavior of deformation at the interface of Cu–Al laminated composite

To understand the differences between the microstructure and stress states owing to uncoordinated deformation in different regions of a Cu–Al contact interface, the normal stress distribution at the contact interface of the Cu–Al composites and the Al metal adhesion on the peeling surface of the Cu layer are investigated by performing numerical simulations and experimental studies. The results show that the percentage of Al metal adhered to the Cu side gradually increased from the edge to the central region. This is mainly because the central area of the contact interface bore a larger normal stress than the edge position, and when the interface normal stress exceeded 470 MPa, the pressure threshold value required for the extrusion of virgin metal from the surface-hardened layer on the Al side was satisfied. The effect of the initial Cu:Al thickness ratio on the degree of interfacial coordination is investigated, and the degree of coordination of the contact interface was observed to improve and then worsen with the increase in the initial Cu:Al thickness ratio (from 3:9 to 8:4). For composites with a Cu:Al thickness ratio of 4:8, the interface was well coordinated, and the bond strength reached 6.13 MPa, corresponding to a 173.7% improvement compared with the Cu–Al composite with more severe stress concentration (8:4).

Low FODMAP Diet Relieves Visceral Hypersensitivity and Is Associated with Changes in Colonic Microcirculation in Water Avoidance Mice Model.

(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a global public health problem, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully explored. Limiting fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) can relieve symptoms in some patients with IBS. Studies have shown that normal microcirculation perfusion is necessary to maintain the primary function of the gastrointestinal system. Here, we hypothesized that IBS pathogenesis might be related to abnormalities in colonic microcirculation. A low-FODMAP diet could alleviate visceral hypersensitivity (VH) by improving colonic microcirculation; (2) Methods: C57BL/6 mice were raised to establish an IBS-like rodent model using water avoidance (WA) stress or SHAM-WA as a control, one hour per day for ten days. The mice in the WA group were administered different levels of the FODMAP diet: 2.1% regular FODMAP (WA-RF), 10% high FODMAP diet (WA-HF), 5% medium FODMAP diet (WA-MF), and 0% low FODMAP diet (WA-LF) for the following 14 days. The body weight and food consumption of the mice were recorded. Visceral sensitivity was measured as colorectal distention (CRD) using the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score. Colonic microcirculation was assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging (LCSI). Vascular endothelial-derived growth factor (VEGF) was detected using immunofluorescence staining; (3) Results: The threshold values of CRD pressure in the WA-RF, WA-HF, and WA-MF groups were significantly lower than those in the SHAM-WA group. Moreover, we observed that colonic microcirculation perfusion decreased, and the expression of VEGF protein increased in these three groups of mice. Interestingly, a low-FODMAP dietary intervention could reverse this situation. Specifically, a low-FODMAP diet increased colonic microcirculation perfusion, reduced VEGF protein expression in mice, and increased the threshold of VH. There was a significant positive correlation between colonic microcirculation and threshold for VH; (4) Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a low-FODMAP diet can alter VH by affecting colonic microcirculation. Changes in intestinal microcirculation may be related to VEGF expression.

Real-Time Underground Plastic Pipeline Water Leakage Detection and Monitoring System

The leaking of the water pipeline increasingly influences the quality of life and threatens the water supplier in developing countries. Proper method is required to effectively detecting the source for replacement to reduce the loses. Therefore, a water leakage detection with monitoring system is developed to detecting the precise leaking location of a buried plastic pipeline. The real-time pressure data obtained from the pressurized pipeline are transferred to the monitoring system with GUI (graphical User Interface), developed using LabVIEW software. In the experimental execution, a leaking pipeline is designed. Then, few pressure sensors are installed on the pipeline as a primary segment for the detection process. To prevent a false non-leak alarm and malfunction of the pressure sensors, the pressure threshold value and malfunction alarm is set using LabVIEW. Cross-correlation method is implemented that increase the accuracy of the leaking distance estimation. The processing and control unit in this article are manipulated using LabVIEW software and NI myRIO-1900 respectively.

Data mining-based detection of the clinical effect on motion style acupuncture therapy combined with conventional acupuncture therapy in chronic neck pain.

BACKGROUND: Neck pain is the most common symptom of cervical spondylosis.OBJECTIVE: To discuss the indications for conventional acupuncture therapy (CAT) and motion style acupuncture therapy (MSAT) combined with CAT in neck pain patients using data mining.METHOD: Seventy-six participants with neck pain were recruited and randomly divided into two paralleled groups. Participants in intervention group received two-course MSAT at Houxi (SI3) and CAT at local neck region, while the control group received CAT at neck only. Take the SF-36 score scale and pain pressure threshold (PPT) values as the raw data and use data-mining to evaluate the clinical effect of two treatments.RESULT: Both groups have the best effect after one-time and one-course treatment. The main factors influencing effect most are Role-Emotional (RE), Physical Functioning (PF) and Social Functioning (SF) in intervention group, while it transfers to General Health (GH), RE and SF in control group. To patients in intervention group who scores 41.70 to 68.70 in PF before treatment, MSAT can effectively improve the restriction of activities and play an analgesic effect; to patients in control group who score 56.09 to 66.09 in GH before treatment, CAT may have curative effect.CONCLUSION: Both MSAT and CAT can improve the life-quality of neck pain patients. Patients with high general health status before treatment can choose CAT, while patients who score mild to moderate decline in physiological function can choose MSAT combined with CAT.

Clinical and prognostic effect of repeated ten-day courses of low-intensity laser exposure in patients with coronary heart disease

To assess the clinical and prognostic value of repeated courses of low-intensity LT in patients with CHD for 24 months. The study involved 40 men (mean age 56.6±8.2 years) with exertional angina pectoris with high (0-I functional class - 40%) and lower (II-III functional class - 60%) exercise tolerance (according to the classification of the Canadian Heart Association). Duration of the study was 24 months. All patients underwent 10-day courses of skin LT in the infrared radiation range every 6 months. Initially and after each course of LT, a bicycle ergometer test was performed with an assessment of the threshold values of blood pressure (BP), double product (DP=systolic BP×heart rate) and the ratio of DP to load power (DP/W). The blood levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were studied after each course of LT. Patients had an improvement in their well-being during LT: a decrease in the number of angina attacks, the need for nitroglycerin, antianginal and antihypertensive drugs. A statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance by 33.2-40.1% was revealed since 1 month after each course of LT, according to the results of stress tests. At the same time, the threshold values of blood pressure remained at the initial level, which was regarded as a manifestation of the hypotensive effect. The decrease in the DP/W index by 18.2-29.6% compared with the initial data indicates the energy economization of cardiac activity. LT was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in blood cholesterol from 6.15±1.26 to 4.84±1.28-5.25±1.53 mmol/l and LDL-C from 4.70±1.16 to 3, 29±1.26-3.96 mmol/l. Long-term clinical and preventive effect, good tolerability, availability, absence of side effects substantiate the possibility of widespread use of repeated courses of laser exposure in coronary heart disease.

Menthol-Based Topical Analgesic Induces Similar Upper and Lower Body Pain Pressure Threshold Values: A Randomized Trial.

Both health professionals and consumers use menthol-based topical analgesics extensively for the temporary relief of pain from musculoskeletal ailments or injury. However, there are no reports of differences in the pain pressure threshold (PPT) or the relative effectiveness of topical analgesics to reduce pain in the upper and lower body muscles and tendons. The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences existed in PPT and relative pain attenuation associated with a menthol-based topical analgesic over a variety of upper and lower body muscles and tendons. Randomized allocation, controlled, intervention study. Sixteen participants (10 females and 6 males) were tested on their dominant or nondominant side. The order of specific muscle/tendon testing was also randomized, which included upper body (middle deltoid, biceps brachii, and lateral epicondylar tendon) and lower body locations (quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, lumbosacral erector spinae muscles, and patellar and Achilles tendons). The PPT was monitored before and 15minutes following the application of a menthol-based topical analgesic. A menthol-based topical analgesic increased PPT (decreased pain sensitivity) overall (P = .05; 11.6% [2.4%]; d = 1.05) and PPT was higher (P < .0001; 31.5%-44.2%; d = 1.03-1.8) for lower versus upper body locations. Health professionals and the public can be assured of similar reductions in pain sensitivity independent of the location of application of a menthol-based topical analgesic.

Trigger point therapy – ischemic compression or perhaps cupping?

Abstract Study aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of single ischemic compression and cupping therapy on the most common trigger point, on the descending part of the trapezius muscle. Materials and methods: Twenty-five students (15 women and 10 men) aged 24.20 ± 1.27 years were enrolled in the study. The mobility of the cervical spine area was measured with a measuring tape. The pain pressure threshold of the trigger point of the trapezius muscle was tested using a Wagner FDX 50 Force Gage digital algometer. Each person participated in three tests with an interval of approximately one week between them. The following study protocol was followed; 1) cupping therapy, with a cup statically positioned on the trigger point for two minutes, 2) at a minimum interval of 7 days, ischemic compression performed with the thumb twice for 1 minute on each side 3) control test at an interval of another 7 days. Results: Ischemic compression resulted in a statistically significant difference in cervical spine mobility scores (except for extension) and pain pressure threshold values. After applying cups, statistically significant differences were also observed in the results of cervical spine mobility and pain pressure threshold values. No statistically significant differences were found in the effectiveness of the therapies tested. Conclusions: In the present study, single trigger point cupping and ischemic compression therapies improved cervical spine mobility and resulted in an increase in the pain pressure threshold in the trapezius muscle trigger point. These two therapies did not differ in terms of their effectiveness.

Defining Swelling Kinetics in Block Copolymer Thin Films: The Critical Role of Temperature and Vapour Pressure Ramp.

We studied the kinetics of swelling in high-χ lamellar-forming poly(styrene)-block- poly(lactic acid) (PS-b-PLA) block copolymer (BCP) by varying the heating rate and monitoring the solvent vapour pressure and the substrate temperature in situ during solvo-thermal vapour annealing (STVA) in an oven, and analysing the resulting morphology. Our results demonstrate that there is not only a solvent vapour pressure threshold (120 kPa), but also that the rate of reaching this pressure threshold has a significant effect on the microphase separation and the resulting morphologies. To study the heating rate effect, identical films were annealed in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) vapour environment under three different ramp regimes, low ), medium and high , for 60, 90 and 120 min, respectively, while the solvent vapour pressure and the substrate temperature were measured in real time. The translational order improved significantly with increasing the heating rate. The solvent mass uptake calculated for the different ramp regimes during annealing is linearly proportional to time, indicating that the swelling kinetics followed Case II diffusion. Two stages of the swelling behaviour were observed: (i) diffusion at the initial stages of swelling and (ii) stress relaxation, controlled at later stages. Films with a faster rate of increase in vapour pressure ) reached the pressure threshold value at an early stage of the swelling and attained a good phase separation. According to our results, highly ordered patterns are only obtained when the volume fraction of the solvent exceeds the polymer volume fraction, i.e., , during the swelling process, and below this threshold value , the films did not obtain a good structural order, even at longer annealing times.

Черепно-мозкова травма: інтенсивна терапія, моніторинг, порогові значення цільових показників

У статті подано основні принципи інтенсивної терапії, моніторингу та порогових значень внутрішньочерепного тиску, церебрального перфузійного тиску, розширеного церебрального моніторингу при тяжкій черепно-мозковій травмі, що базуються на основі останніх рекомендацій «Керівництва з лікування тяжкої черепно-мозкової травми — 2016», в умовах реанімаційного відділення стаціонару.

Pain neuroscience education combined with usual treatment for fibromyalgia syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education (PNE) in addition to usual treatment in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Forty patients were randomized into 2 groups. The experimental group underwent PNE sessions over 6weeks in addition to pharmacological treatment, and the control group was given only pharmacological treatment. The primary outcome measure was functional status and the secondary outcome measures were widespread pain pressure threshold and kinesiophobia level. All assessments were conducted before the intervention and at the end of the 6th and 12th weeks by the same blinded researcher. The intervention group had significantly greater improvement than the control group in terms of the mean total scores in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (P=.001) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (P=.001) with large effect sizes. The intervention group also had significantly greater improvement in the pain pressure threshold values of the cervical (P=.040), thoracic (P=.001), lumbar (P<.001), elbow (P=.005) and calf (P=.006) regions with moderate-to-large effect sizes. This study showed that the addition of 6-week PNE sessions to pharmacological treatment was successful in improving functional status, widespread pain pressure threshold, and level of kinesiophobia in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome during a 12-week follow-up period.

Experimental study on the guiding effect of tectonic coal for coal and gas outburst

The guiding effect of tectonic coal on outburst was analyzed by combining typical outburst cases, and the physical simulation experiment was carried out to reproduce the influences of tectonic coal area on the outburst. Then, the guiding action mechanism of tectonic coal on the outburst was investigated. This study concludes that the threshold value of critical gas pressure for outburst in the group with local existence of tectonic coal area was lower than that in the group without local existence of tectonic coal area. Under the gas pressure of 0.30 MPa in the group with local existence of tectonic coal area, the outburst hole was located inside the tectonic coal area, a part of pulverized coal was not thrown out yet, and the coal pillar experienced failure only nearby the outburst mouth. As the gas pressure increases, the failure degree of the coal pillar become higher and higher until complete failure. Based the experimental results, the outburst development sequence was changed due to the existence of the tectonic coal area. Once the sealing conditions were destructed, the outburst firstly develops in the tectonic coal area. Nevertheless, a large quantity of outburst energy would be suddenly released in the outburst process of the tectonic coal area, so sufficient energy was supplied to transport the coal in the tectonic coal area to a farther distance, while the residual outburst energy can just result in the outburst of a small quantity of coal masses in the normal area. This research will be of great scientific significance for explaining the tectonic coal-induced change of outburst starting and development sequence.

Double-strand breaks in genome-sized DNA caused by megahertz ultrasound

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) of giant DNA molecules after exposure to 1.0 MHz pulsed-wave ultrasound were quantitatively evaluated by single-molecule observation of giant DNA (T4 GT7 DNA; 166 kbp) through fluorescence microscopy. Aqueous solutions of DNA were exposed to ultrasonic waves with different sound pressures, repetition periods (1, 2, 5 ms), and pulse durations (5, 10, 50 μs). Below a threshold value of sound pressure, almost no double-strand breaks were generated, and above the threshold, the degree of damage increased in an accelerated manner as the pressure increased. DNA damage was much more severe for exposure to ultrasound with a shorter pulse duration. In addition, a longer pulse repetition period caused worse damage in DNA molecules. The effect of microbubbles on the damage induced by exposure to ultrasound had also been studied. While a result showed that a very small amount of microbubbles increased DSBs of DNA, this effect of microbubbles only weakly depended on their concentrations.

IoT Based Accident Detection and Life Guard System

In an enormous population, people make vehicles for their needs, leading to heavy traffic. Every day, thousands of people die in road accidents across the world, creating a global hazard. In the existing system, when an accident occurs, information only is sending to emergency services through GSM, but there is no prospect for an insurance claim. This research paper describes the detection of the crash using a piezoelectric device by the observation of vibration caused by fatal crashes. There are two types of accidents: major accidents and minor accidents. These will be determined by establishing new crash pressure threshold values. Depending on the nature of the accident, official announcements can decide to make to eitherlocal emergency services and vehicle insurance companies, or both vehicle insurance and health insurance companies, as well as local emergency services.

Watertightness performance of face-sealed versus drained window-wall interfaces

Several research studies have identified window-wall interfaces as one of the major sources of water ingress through building envelopes. Window-wall interfaces can either be sealed by means of face-sealed or drained sealing systems. In general, it is assumed that drained window-wall interfaces show an improved rainwater resistance compared to face-sealed interfaces. However, only a limited number of studies can be found in literature evaluating the watertightness performance of both face-sealed and drained window-wall interfaces. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of both face-sealed and drained sealing methods and to identify the primary factors affecting the water resistance of window-wall interfaces.Various combinations of exterior seal, drainage layer, air barrier, airtightness level, installation method and wall assemblies were assessed by means of 5 face-sealed test specimens and 9 drained specimens. Both static and cyclic tests were performed. It was found that both tests showed corresponding results with regard to the pressure threshold value for water ingress. The results in this study also indicated that the airtightness of the interfaces and the presence of a separate air barrier at the interior side of the interface affected the watertightness performance to a great extent. The findings showed that it is very difficult to obtain water resistant face-sealed window-wall interfaces, even in lab conditions. It is therefore recommended to always provide drainage possibilities behind the exterior seal or cladding.