Pressure Swing Adsorption Technique Research Articles

Methane enrichment for biogas purification using pressure swing adsorption techniques

Biogas is a highly potential renewable fuel source substituting fossil-based natural gas. To commercialize biomethane, biogas purification systems via selective removal of CO2 are a crucial step for the production of biomethane. Technologies based on pressure swing adsorption (PSA) are widely used and achieve promising results, such as water scrubbing, membrane separation, cryogenic processes, chemical absorption, and physical absorption. This review describes the potential of PSA as a technology to separate CO2 from biogas to purify biomethane. PSA is an efficient technology for biogas purification having a low energy penalty, low cost and a safe operation. Nowadays, different biomethane purification technologies are operated, such as cryogenic separation, membrane operations and absorptive separation. The PSA process, as one of the main technology, and its concepts are described. Then, the main process engineering approaches for efficient biogas purification are analyzed. Different adsorbents are compared and key process performance variables are evaluated. Next, the results of different studies on adsorption materials and the yield of real examples as well as the current research trends and improvement potentials are presented and discussed.

Development and integration of oxygen generator for home air conditioner

An Oxygen Generator is developed to interface with Home Air Conditioner that serves for Home Oxygen Therapy & it is controlled by a Microcontroller which is connected to an IoT app through which users can monitor and control the whole system. Oxygen levels are to be maintained as per OSHA cited acceptable levels. For generating oxygen we are using Pressure Swing Adsorption Technique with two bed molecular sieve columns with Zeolite filled inside in it which acts as a Filtering component of Nitrogen. When a Pressurized air is passed through the Zeolite it filters out Nitrogen (due to its chemical nature Nitrogen molecules gets trapped inside its pores) and allows rest of the Air components pass through it so that we can get oxygen enriched air at the outlet and it is given to home.

Wet impregnation of silver oxide on Lampung natural zeolite as an adsorbent to produce oxygen-enriched air using PSA technique

High purity oxygen can be used for various things. Oxygen purification method to be applied on this research is the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technique. The adsorbent that would be used is a natural zeolite, namely ZAL (Zeolite Alam Lampung). Natural zeolite has non-polar properties, so it will adsorb gas with high quadruple moment, which is nitrogen. The varied variable is the size of adsorbent and the concentration of H2SO4. The sizes are 18-35 mesh, 35-60 mesh, and 60-100 mesh. While the H2SO4 concentration are 1M, 2M and 3M. Size of ZAL, and the concentration of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were varied to get the optimum value. The adsorbent will be activated in aqua demine, H2SO4, NaOH, and through a calcination process. The purpose of this pre-treatment was to remove the impurities and to increase the specific surface area of zeolite. Moreover, ZAL will also be modified by wet impregnation technique using AgNO3 solution with 1%-wt loading nominal. The morphology, composition, and crystal phase were characterized by BET, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The result of the adsorption process was analyzed by using GC (Gas Chromatograph). ZAL 35-60 mesh 1M showed the best performance on adsorbing nitrogen, with its lowest peak at 60356 μV. The result of this research suggested that ZAL itself has the main role on adsorbing nitrogen, while AgxO did not give any significant effect

Carbon Dioxide Removal with Tuff: Experimental Measurement of Adsorption Properties and Breakthrough Modeling Using CFD Approach

This work presents the study of tuff as an alternative material for CO2 capturing and removal by pressure swing adsorption techniques. Tuff represents an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to commonly-used synthetic zeolites. The proposed methodology includes a laboratory characterization of the CO2 adsorption process under different operative conditions and experimental layouts. Measured data are also used to setup computational fluid dynamics simulations of the fixed-bed adsorption column. Results can be used to define optimal design parameters needed to implement and to improve different applications for biogas upgrading (CO2/CH4 ratio adjustment) or carbon capture and storage.

Preparation of Active Carbon by Additional Activation with Potassium Hydroxide and Characterization of Their Properties

A commercially available activated carbon was used to prepare active carbonviareactivation with KOH at 750°C. Active carbon was obtained with 60.5% yield. The resulting active carbon showed a well-developed porous structure with specific surface area 2939 m2/g, total pore volume 1.488 cm3/g, and micropore volume 1.001 cm3/g. Process reactivation of carbon changes its particle size as well as density properties and increases by nearly twice the amounts of methane and carbon dioxide adsorbed under high pressure conditions. Such active carbon may be used to enrich methane or carbon dioxide by pressure swing adsorption technique. Other possible applications of reactivated carbon are storage of hydrogen and methane and sequestration of carbon dioxide.

Optimization of CO2 separation technologies for Chinese refineries based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption (PSA), chemical absorption (CA), and membrane absorption (MA). Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.

Hydrogen purification using room-temperature ionic liquids

Hydrogen purification is a highly important industrial process, and particularly so as a future renewable-energy carrier. In the recent Science magazine, Lin et al. [Plasticization-enhanced hydrogen purification using polymeric membranes. Science, 2006;311:639–42], reported efficient hydrogen purification (CO 2/H 2 separation) using novel polymeric membranes. The selectivity ranges from about 10 to 30 under typical operating conditions. We report here a much higher selectivity (about 30–300) for CO 2/H 2 separation using room-temperature ionic liquid solvents. Actual quantitative predictions for such gas-separations have been made for the first time using our equation-of-state model, which was developed in this study and verified experimentally. The present results will provide useful information for far less energy-intensive distillation methods, as well as possible pressure swing adsorption techniques since ionic liquids are essentially non-volatile and can be regarded, from the point of view of sorbents, as “solid” materials.

Separação de CO2 por meio da tecnologia PSA

This paper describes the separation of CO2 from a gas mixture containing 25% CO2, 4% O2 and 71% N2 using the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technique. The adsorbent selected was the zeolite 13X due to its great adsorption capacity for CO2 and selectivity towards the other components of the gas mixture. The experimental technique was designed to identify the most important variables for the process and to optimize it. It is shown that the PSA technique can be used to separate CO2 from O2 and N2 to obtain an effluent containing 2% CO2 with 99% separation efficiency.

Gas Stream Analysis and PFC Recovery in A Semiconductor Process

AbstractThe performance of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology was assessed for recovering PFCs from the exhaust of a semiconductor plasma process. Several PSA process conditions were run to determine an optimized system. Under well defined conditions, the PSA technique was found to be effective at separating C2F6 from nitrogen, although the balance between recovery and product purity was evident. The exhaust of a plasma chamber was analysed by mass spectrometers and plasma etching conditions were varied to determine the effects on the PSA performance. A gas reactor column (GRC) was tested as pre‐treatment of the capturing system

Coal-Based Carbons with Molecular Sieve Properties

Abstract Naturally occurring and synthetic zeolites (1,2) find wide application in industry as molecular sieves. Some carbonaceous materials also show molecular sieve properties; however, their efficiencies and capacities are considerably lower compared with those of zeolites. Molecular sieve carbons can be obtained by coating activated carbons with thermosetting resins (3). Composite molecular sieves were obtained by heating precarbonized polyvinylidene chloride with certain binders (4). It has been found that the adsorption capacities of charcoals (4,5) depend on the accessibility of sorbate molecules, indicating molecular sieve action. Youssef (6, 7) has produced molecular-sieve carbons by carbonizing date pits and bagasse, in the presence and absence of zinc chloride, under controlled conditions. Carbon molecular sieves are used extensively in gas chromatography for the separation of permanent gases and light hydrocarbons. Carbon molecular sieves also find commercial application for the manufacture of pure hydrogen from hydrogen-rich gases such as coke-oven gas, and for the separation of air by the pressure-swing adsorption technique.