Press Titles Research Articles

Excavating the English-Language Press in the Ottoman Empire (1841–1923) Editors, State Actors, Readers

The English-language press in the Ottoman Empire was long thought near inexistent. While this article acknowledges that most English-language press titles in that country were few compared to the French-Ottoman press and resorted to French at one moment or another in their history, it investigates a body of English-Ottoman serials that proclaimed some connection to Britain or the US over the period 1841–1923 in order to expose the complex and multidirectional power relationships between British/American Levantine editors, British/American diplomatic actors, the Ottoman State, and readers (both in the Ottoman Empire and beyond). What did it mean to publish an English-Ottoman serial? Considering language as a social practice that helps reconcile the local and the global in the context of the foreign language press, this article seeks to understand motivations behind English-language serial publishing in the Ottoman Empire and how a mix of local/global constraints shaped titles like The Levant Herald (1856–1914).

Ziemie Zabrane w angielskojęzycznej prasie związanej ze stronnictwem księcia Adama Jerzego Czartoryskiego w początkach emigracji

“The Taken Lands” in English-language press related to the political camp of prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski at the begining of exile The article is based on three English-language press titles published in the early 1830s in Great Britain by Polish emigrants and British supporters of the Polish case related to the political camp of Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski. These are: “The Hull Polish Record,” “The Polish Exile,” and “Polonia or Monthly Reports of Polish Affairs”. The main aim of the article is to recreate the image of the so-called “Ziemie Zabrane” (The Taken Lands) – i.e. the former Polish provinces incorporated directly into the Russian Empire after 1795. These were the lands of today’s Lithuania, part of Latvia, all of Belarus and the right-bank of Ukraine. The authors of the several articles devoted to this issue presented – in their writings – the history of these lands from the Middle Ages, their fate during the partitions until the November Uprising, the course of which in Lithuania and Ukraine was described in more detail. There were also reports of repressions that fell upon the inhabitants of these lands after the defeat of the uprising. On the pages of the surveyed press one can also find reports on the state of the economy of these lands, trade and water routes; biographies of famous people born in these areas and many descriptions of their tourist and sightseeing values. In each of these cases, the authors of the texts tried to emphasize the ties between these lands and their inhabitants with the rest of the Polish territory and convince the potential readers that they constitute its integral part, which should be included in it in the event of the reconstruction of the independent Polish state.

Defending the nation: The discourse on youth nationalist organizations in the Polish press

The article presents the results of press discourse analysis on selected youth organizations in the context of the celebrations of the centenary of Poland’s independence in 2018. It focuses on two nationalist organizations: the All-Polish Youth (APY) and the National Radical Camp (NRC), which most often appeared in 2018 press materials in the context of Poland’s Independence Day. The analysis covers eight press titles: five dailies and three weeklies. The article tries to answer the following research questions: how are these organizations presented in press discourse; who are their members; what characteristics are attributed to them; how are they assessed and from what perspective analysed discourse is conducted? A qualitative research method was used together with an analysis of the discursive strategies: nomination, predication and perspectivization. The results show that press titles fight for symbolic power over the readers in the same way (using the same discursive strategies), having the same aim (defending the nation), but using different arguments. This battle for power is between the press that is favourable to the ruling party or hostile to it.

Dogs Urinating on the 1623 Folio: The Jaggard Press’s Dionysus Ornament in Context

ABSTRACT This case study of the Dionysus ornament illustrates how the 1623 Shakespearean folio carries with it echoes of previous folio works as it reinterprets this image within its own context. The paper establishes the other Jaggard Press titles in which the headpiece appears to explore how these different contexts draw out the image’s semiotic potential. It notes an extreme uptick in use in Crooke’s Mikrokosmographia, an anatomical work in which urination and ejaculation feature prominently. Operating in tandem with the 1623 prefatory materials, the headpiece participates in the visual organisational logic of the Folio, structures the Folio’s establishment of generic variety, and introduces the volume-wide rhetorical strategy of reading Englishness within a global context. The woodcut’s synchronously urinating dogs also suggest a commentary on the communal bodily experience of live theatre. Having noted ways early modern printed folio projects can be mutually citational through ornaments, the paper discusses how the Shakespearean volume positions itself within the English inflection of classical single-author collected drama through the associations with Dionysus, patron god of drama, and Ben Jonson’s 1616 Workes. The conclusion considers the Second Folio’s adoption of the headpiece as part of the 1623 Folio’s iconic look.

Wydawnictwa Polskiego Touring Klubu w latach 1930–1939

The article is devoted to four periodicals: “Auto i Turysta,” “Turysta i Auto,” “Biuletyn Polskiego Touring Klubu” and “Touring,” published in 1930-1939 by the Polish Touring Klub (PTK). It expands and supplements the research on the development of Polish automotive magazines from their creation, which was 1911, to the end of the interwar period. Its results were presented in the author’s previous publications. This text also shows the mutual relations between the two main issues addressed in those magazines, namely tourism and the automotive industry. The publication also contains information on PTK’s publishing activity beyond the aforementioned press titles.

Praktyczna szkoła dziennikarstwa. Środowisko niezależnych wydawnictw na przykładzie podziemnych pism Federacji Młodzieży Walczącej w Trójmieście

Fighting Youth Federation in Gdansk belonged to the most important anti-communist resistance organizations in the second half of the twentieth century. It was established in 1984 in Warsaw and until 1990 it developed its activities in over a dozen centers throughout Poland. One of the most vigorous centers of the organization operated in Tri-city. Among many dimensions of its independent activities, publishing comes to the fore. Two regional Fighting Youth Federation’s press titles and several dozens of school magazines were published in Gdansk, Sopot, Gdynia and throughout the region. The activation process of the youth environment in this regard, an attempt of its assessment and evaluation of the impact which involvement in the underground publishing movement had on the journalistic activities of some Fighting Youth Federation activists after 1990, were all presented in this paper.

Z badań nad językiem piśmiennictwa nowogródzkiego z okresu międzywojennego. 3. Elementy kresowe i inne osobliwości językowe w międzywojennym „Życiu Nowogródzkim”

In the inter‑war period, a number of press titles appeared in Nowogródek, but chief among them was “Życie Nowogródzkie”. Several dozen issues of this periodical/daily bear witness to the rare phonetic, inflectional, word‑making and syntactic features of Borderland Polish. Much more numerous are Borderland dialect words, words and phrases more frequently used in the Borderlands, and other peculiar words (archaisms, words now obsolete, words rarely used, “neologisms,” idiolectisms and phrasal idioms). 165 such language forms have been recorded. All volumes of “Życie Nowogródzkie” are deserving of detailed study.

Konstancja Hojnacka (ok. 1880–1943). Sylwetka publicystki dwutygodnika „Moja Przyjaciółka” ze Żnina

Edited by Konstancja Hojnacka (ca. 1880–1943) in the town of Orlęta, the journal Świat Kobiecy-Rekord was known in Żnin in the early 1930s, when the most-read female press title of the interwar period, Moja Przyjaciółka created in the local Alfred Krzycki’s Publishing House, was not yet planned. In 1939, its subscribers received a guide to good manners, entitled Cohabitation with People, the only book publication by the journal’s Lviv collaborator. Thanks to the high circulation, comparable to school textbooks, it found its way into many Polish homes. The article presents the relationship of the writer, press and radio editor, esotericist and social activist from the borderland metropolis with Moja Przyjaciółka in her best years 1937–1939.

Leading Polish missionary journals during the Covid-19 pandemic, their functioning, message and realization of press functions

This research has confirmed the need for missionary periodicals on the Polish press market, which have specific tasks and functions to perform. Declining circulation should lead to some consolidation of press titles and to cooperation and raising the standard of individual titles. The period of the pandemic proved that the leading Polish missionary periodicals react quickly to the crisis situation, provide reliable and wide-ranging information about it, and in some titles this translates into an invitation to readers to commit themselves spiritually and materially to specific needs. From the course of the analyses carried out, we can verify the hypotheses or confirm the theses posed before the research began.
 Thesis 1. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the leading missionary journals carried out the press functions for which they were established - confirmed, although mainly in terms of information-publicity, fundraising and organising functions.
 Thesis 2. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the leading missionary magazines reported on the pandemic situation in mission areas and publicised the social campaigns that were being conducted - confirmed, although some titles more than others.
 Hypothesis 1. There is a deepening crisis of missionary journalism, in favour of missionary media communicating via the internet. It seems necessary to adapt different content to the two distinct target groups (audiences) - verified positively.
 Hypothesis 2. There is a need for change and centralisation on the market of missionary journalism - verified positively.

Proces cyfrowego scalania zbioru prasy polskiej (1801–1939) Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich rozdzielonego po II wojnie światowej

The aim of the study is to present digitalization as a method of virtual consolidation and sharing of scattered collections or those remaining outside the country, which due to their nature are closely related to the circle of Polish culture. The analysis was based on the conclusions resulting from the project of digital consolidation of the collection of the Polish press (1801– 1939) of the National Ossoliński Institute during the Lviv period of activity, numbering in September 1939 no fewer than 5000 titles, which, as a result of territorial changes (1945), ended up outside the country. As a result of the efforts undertaken in the years 1946–1947, nearly 1,300 press titles were donated to Wrocław in the form of a “gift”, more than half of which were distributed as a result of the transfer of some annuals or only a supplement, when the main journal was kept. As a result, a total of about 3000 titles remained in Lviv, including over 700 completely or partially unavailable in Poland, currently stored in the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. The study attempts to search for a method to increase the efficiency of creating digital collections of collections scattered or unavailable in Poland, the comprehensive disclosure of which is often possible only through digital archiving.

Propaganda prasowa w Czechosłowacji wobec NSZZ „Solidarność” na przykładzie dziennika „Rudé Právo” (1980–1981)

The wave of strikes in Poland in the summer of 1980 and the establishment of the Independent Self-Governing Trade Union „Solidarity” caused understandable anxiety among the leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC), who was afraid of extending the „Polish counter-revolution” to their country. The propaganda in the press and other media played a key role in containing the threat from Poland. The rulers of Prague sought to present the citizens of such an image of „Solidarity” that would cause aversion towards Polish independent trade unions and reduce the risk of his postulates infiltrating their country. The aim of this article is to analyze the image of „Solidarity” as a trade union and social movement in Czechoslovak press propaganda on the example of the daily „Rudé Právo” – the central body of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. The content published in it was treated as an official interpretation of the position of the leadership of the communist party, on the basis of which most of the articles about events in Poland, published in other press titles in Czechoslovakia, were written. The article was based on an analysis of the content of „Rudé Právo” from August 1980 to December 1981. The analyzes of the content of the Czechoslovak press prepared at that time by employees of the embassy of the People's Republic of Poland in Prague were also used.

COVID-19 in Polish Women’s Press. Preliminary research

Women’s press has been analysed as an element of the Polish media system by representatives of various fields of research. There have been studies of press content, formal features of individual magazines, ownership and definition issues, and internal segmentations, amongst others. This research attempts to fill a gap in the study of women’s press content; it aims to show how the COVID-19 was presented in women’s press. As an introduction to the main research, this article examines a carefully selected study sample with individual sub-segments of women’s press each represented by a leading magazine. Research objectives include determining the ways in which COVID-19 is presented in certain women’s press titles belonging to different sub-segments, analysing the selection and presentation of information to potential readers in regards to their needs, and establishing the functions of COVID-19 guidance in women’s press.

Jaka będzie prasa po pandemii? Próba diagnozy wstępnej (stan na styczeń 2021)

The aim of the article is an attempt to estimate the changes that took place in the press in the last year, directly or indirectly related to the coronavirus pandemic. Some publishers experienced its effects painfully, losing readership and advertiser clients, which caused financial losses that are difficult to counteract. Hence the decisions to close press titles, suspend or abandon the printed version to the electronic version. In the latter case, we will have to wait for the gains to offset the losses. But digital editions are gaining in importance. The information provided before the end of 2020 by the press giant – the New York Times – about generating more revenues from sales of digital editions than from printed ones (sic!), should encourage publishers to develop this form of sales. This is a historic moment for the world press. The abandonment of printing press, announced years ago, may now accelerate even more. Not because of a pandemic anymore, but because electronic newspapers may generate higher revenues than traditional ones. Thus, the last arguments for staying in print may lose their raison d’être.

Romanian de fapt - from an adjectival adjunct to an attention marker

This research traces back the development of the Romanian phrase de fapt (‘in fact, actually, indeed’), based on written and oral corpora. De fapt has been attested in Romanian since late 19th century; chronologically, it is the last of the three Romanian adverbial expressions (alongside în faptă and în fapt) that went through all the stages of the grammaticalization cline proposed by Elizabeth Traugott for this type of adverbs. However, we consider that this phrase actually goes even further by becoming, in press headlines, an attention marker (Fraser 2009: 297), thus joining the category of să vezi ce s-a întâmplat (‘you won’t believe what has happened’). Thus, in press titles such as Cu ce femeie a petrecut aseară Pepe, de fapt (‘Who is the woman Pepe actually spent the evening with’), de fapt loses its contrastive discourse marker rhetorical function of contrasting with a previous element and acquires a new function, i.e. of inviting the reader to read a story that (s)he would have otherwise overlooked. In this type of occurrences, de fapt acquires, for the first time, an intersubjective value.

Accessing the Political Press of the Second Polish Republic on the Internet

Digital libraries provide an easy and convenient source of data for journalistic academic research. In this paper, the author answers the question of whether the most well-known socio-political Polish press titles published between 1918 and 1939 are available online and to what extent they are fully digitised and accessible in digital libraries. Through media content analysis and the press content analysis methods of Walery Pisarek, all the digital resources available for an ordinary Internet user were browsed. The main role of the analysis was to establish which journals and periodicals were published weekly and as daily newspapers. Also, the nature and political leanings of press publications were taken into consideration (each press title was usually associated with a particular party). At the same time, the texts were profiled as regional, national, Catholic, etc. ­Finally, an attempt to develop a typology of the given titles is made.

Dispensation and Liturgy Mediated as an Answer to COVID-19 Restrictions: Empirical Study Based on Polish Online Press Narration

The main objective of this study is to determine the media image of dispensation and liturgy mediated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The paper is based on interdisciplinary methodology, which combines elements of practical theology (the see–judge–act paradigm) and a communication and media studies approach (media content analysis, critical discourse analysis). The time range of the analysed media discourse is between 12 and 18 March 2020, which was the first week after issuing government restrictions towards liturgy and the Church’s response to that: granting the dispensation and supporting the mediatisation of liturgy. The material for the discourse analysis includes online editions of 20 Polish press titles. It occurs that the general attitude of the media towards dispensation and liturgy mediated was positive, but some media tended to present the topics according to their editorial policies. The paper also formulates a theological reflection: although liturgy mediated as a permanent solution could be challenging to accept, it allowed worshippers to experience the liturgy in times of isolation. It is, therefore, an expression of the Church’s concern for the health and lives of the faithful, although not entirely in line with the official and long-standing position of the Church towards the mediatisation of the liturgy.

Did Polish Nationwide Catholic Weekly Newspapers Support Andrzej Duda in the Presidential Campaign in 2020? A Case Study

Abstract The aim of the article was to determine the degree of political involvement of the most important representatives of the Polish Catholic press, i.e. “Gość Niedzielny”, “Niedziela”, “Idziemy”, and “Przewodnik Katolicki” in the 2020 presidential campaign in Poland. The periodicals took into account the important context of the campaign, i.e. the coronavirus pandemic, the lockdown and its social and political consequences, as well as the problem of polarisation of the Polish political scene. “Gość Niedzielny”, “Niedziela” and “Idziemy” gave clear support to Andrzej Duda. The political involvement of the above press titles should be assessed as going beyond Catholic social science. “Przewodnik Katolicki” was the only one to point out both the strengths and weaknesses of the incumbent’s programme and political activity.

Слова-бленды в газетных заголовках

In modern Russian, word blends can be found in fiction, journalism, advertising, as well as in scientific terminology and in everyday language. This study presents the press titles of the daily “Коммерсанть” (from 2020 and 40 issues from 2021; online version) in which lexical blends were used. Structural analysis shows that the dominant role in their construction is played by haplologic blends and blends based on tmesis (“matryoshka” words and quasi-tmesis words). An interesting procedure is the simultaneous transformation of precedent texts (substitution) and the use of word blends. Noun derivatives are most frequently represented in the entire illustrative material. Next to them we also find adjective, verb and adverb blends.

Nieznany galicyjski okres życia i twórczości Sygurda Wiśniowskiego (1881–1884) (na podstawie doniesień prasowych i korespondencji pisarza)

The aim of the article is to present a part of the biography of Sygurd Wiśniowski – a 19th-century traveler, writer and industrialist who appeared quite unexpectedly in the Polish press and was almost as quickly forgotten. The article is an attempt to present the possibility of using scattered press releases and epistolography in biographical studies. The value of press reports as a source of the facts is proved by a number of thematic studies. The atricle is based on a query of Polish press and Polish diaspora press and completed with an analysis of the traveler’s private letters, which allowed to verify the facts. Information obtained from the numerous press titles and letters suplement the current state of research with unknown or weakly known facts, making it possible to build an outline of a biography documented in the sources. The studies showed that a number of biographical findings about Sygurd Wiśniowski, which are established in the current literature on the subject, requires correction, and research in this field of press sources is promising.

The Issue of Girls’ Education in Warsaw Ideological Magazines for Women (1907–1918)

The aim of the article is to present the issue of girls’ education in Warsaw ideological magazines. The press titles selected for analysis were “Ster” (1907–1914), “Przebudzenie” (1909–1912), “Ziemianka” I and II (1908–1918; 1910–1918), and “Pracownica Polska” – “Pracownica Katolicka” (1907–1918). The article attempts to answer the questions: What issues related to the education of girls were raised in individual women’s periodicals? How were these topics described? What function did the press publications have?
 The analysis was qualitative. In this text, historical-pedagogical and press research methods were used. The article indicates and discusses the main issues of girls’ education published in selected women’s periodicals until the end of the First World War. The women’s publications represented various ideological positions. They are presented in order from most conservative to most progressive.