Public Press Research Articles

Droga pisarska Heleny Filochowskiej

The article reconstructs the biography of a writer, journalist, and caretaker of soldiers in the Foreign Legion. It traces her life journey: Łomża – Kraków – travels across Europe – stay in Oran. It describes Filochowska’s connections with daily newspapers (“Goniec Krakowski”, “Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny”) and periodicals (“Świat Kobiecy”). The author’s novels (Sztylet, Macierzyństwo, Alarm, Sierżant Szarota, Kariera panny Maniusi) addressed women’s issues from an aesthetic-somatic perspective. Filochowska wrote novellas and short stories – the article identifies their first press publications and their critical reception. Collections of novellas (Nasz kruk, Czarne łabędzie, Historia jednej nocy, Kobieta w masce, Kobra) were recognized by literary critics as interesting portrayals of women’s psychology, though somewhat one-sided in their emphasis on eroticism. From today’s perspective, the courage with which the author wrote about the issues of gender biology, as well as the subordination of women at home and in public spaces, justifies a renewed appreciation of her work.

Struggle of legalists to equalize the rights of Jews with other subjects of the Russian Empire at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century

In the Russian Empire, the problem of the «Jewish question» existed for a long time. The prevailing theory was about the «badness» of the Jewish people, their deceit, maliciousness and other negative qualities. Since 1880, anti-Semitism has gradually increased. At first it was fueled by the bureaucracy, then it was joined by the local bourgeoisie, and then by its minions, the marginal strata of the cities. Accordingly, after the liberal policies of Alexander II, an attack on the rights of Jews began. Updated anti-Semitic legislation was adopted, and old ones were updated. Hundreds of petty restrictions bound the Jews and hindered their development. Jews began to have a keen sense of their national identity, emigrated, joined socialist parties, corrupted officials, etc. The liberal public was dissatisfied with this government policy. In the public press, in meetings of government bodies, and in correspondence, conservative liberals energetically argued the absurdity of anti-Semitism, the injustice of claims against Jews, and demanded the liberation of the Jews. Accordingly, the subject of our research is the activities of liberal jurists (legalists) of the Russian Empire for the emancipation of Jews. We chose a problem-chronological approach as the main method. By highlighting the «Jewish problem», we trace the chronology of fluctuations in state policy on the Jewish issue and highlight the forms of struggle of legalists for the rights of Jews. This is the first time such a reconstruction has been carried out regarding the legalist movement and contributes to historical knowledge. A number of conclusions can be tentatively formulated. Through the press, liberals created a negative image of anti-Semitic policies. Sitting in meetings and commissions, they prevented the expansion of negative legislation. In the Senate, legalists defended the rights of Jews.

Perspectives on Suicide: Bosnian and Herzegovinian and Croatian views from the 1880s to the 1930s

The phenomenon of suicide is a profoundly intricate topic, influenced by a myriad of factors encompassing biological, biochemical, cultural, sociological, interpersonal, psychological, philosophical, conscious, and unconscious components. The examination of press publications, patient records from Croatian psychiatric institutions, and scholarly discourse on suicide in medical literature dating back to the late 19th and the early 20th century reveals that among the diverse perspectives of journalists and psychiatrists of that era, there are notable variations in terms of defining the reasons for suicide attempts. The absence of consistent explanations underscores the enigmatic nature of the ultimate resolution end one’s life. Although numerous experts and laypeople have claimed to know the exact motives behind someone resorting to suicide, some have continued to look for an explanation in otherworldly forces or individuals with supernatural powers. In essence, the multifaceted nature of suicide necessitates a nuanced and comprehensive approach, integrating various disciplines and perspectives to attain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon.

Exhibiting for Purpose: Finnish Art in Moscow in 1934

This article is a case study that illustrates the complex intersection of art, politics, and diplomacy in the interwar period. Based on Finnish and Soviet archival documents and press publications, it examines the entire process of organising a Finnish art show abroad. The exhibition, held from 28 November to 24 December 1934, in Moscow, was seen as a landmark event, drawing significant attendance and fostering Finnish–Soviet cultural exchange. By analysing various factors contributing to its success, we provide a detailed picture of both artistic and political influences, demonstrating how cultural events can transcend mere aesthetic appreciation to become significant diplomatic tools.

Attitudes of Jewish and Muslim Religious Leaders Towards the Declaration of Principles as a Test Case for Judaism and Islam between Peace and Conflict

The Declaration of Principles (Oslo I Accord, September 1993) was the inaugural groundbreaking agreement in the Israeli‒Palestinian Identity conflict, which revolves around consecrated territory as well as identity components on both sides. This historic accord elicited myriad responses, yet the stances of religious figures are particularly consequential given the profound and intricate religious underpinnings of the conflict. This paper presents the attitudes toward the Declaration of Principles (DOP) held by six religious personages: Rabbi Yehuda Amital, an Israeli Jew supporter of the DOP; Rabbi Shlomo Goren, an Israeli Jew who opposed it; Sheikh Abdullah Nimer Darwish, an Israeli Arab who endorses the DOP; Sheikh Raed Salah, an Israeli Arab who rejects it; Sheikh ʿImad al-Falouji, a Palestinian proponent; and Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, a Palestinian opponent. Based on rulings, statements, and press publications, this paper analyzes their rationales and utilization of religion’s social influencing mechanisms, seeking to understand religion’s capacity to confer legitimacy upon alternative religious values enabling conflict resolution through political means, thereby impacting the conflict toward reconciliation or, conversely, escalation. This paper aims to characterize the discourse and reasoning to propose more efficacious means of attaining broad religious legitimacy for future, sustainable peace accords.

Ekshumacijos aktų klastotės vertinant 1941 metų Utenos žydų sunaikinimą Rašės miške, ir ne tik.

Rašės Park is located in Utena, in a north-eastern area of the town. The territory of the park covers the part of the valley of the Rašė River from Užpalių Street to the Kloviniai (Utena) pond. The park features a monument commemorating the Jews who were murdered by the Nazis in 1941 in Utena County. The inscription on the monument in Yiddish and Lithuanian reads: “In this place, Hitler’s executioners and their local accomplices murdered about 8,000 Jews: men, women and children in July–August 1941.” The aim of our work is to give as realistic a figure as possible for the number of Jews killed, so we first present a table in which, according to the data from press publications and Lithuanian Special Archives files, witnesses give their versions of the number of Jews killed.

Матеріали до бібліографії Івана Мірчука

The author presents the most complete bibliography of Ivan Mirchuk's lifetime book and press publications from 1922 to 1962, printed in Ukrainian, German, Polish, Czech, French, and English.

The analysis of the contribution of Lithuania SSR library, bibliography and information scientists to the main stream of union prafile periodical press publications

Research work has become more intensive in recent years in the field of bibliography, library, and information sciences. A greater number of research works analyzing different issues of these sciences are being published. The present paper addresses one structural aspect of the problem concerning the contribution of Lithuanian bibliography, library, and information scientists to the development of science in the USSR. The paper analyzes the contribution of articles by Lithuanian SSR authors published in the union's profile periodical press. Several research works, analyzing the contribution of countries, scientific groups, or scientists to the development of science, have been published in the Soviet Union and abroad. An index that helps address the tasks formulated in the article has been created using some of the statements provided in these works.

Loved everywhere?: Netflix’s top 10 and the popularity of geographically diverse content

Using Netflix’s weekly Global Top 10 lists for English-language and non-English-language series and films, this article highlights some of the ways in which the world’s most popular streaming platform misrepresents both the production and consumption of its most popular geographically diverse global content. First, the Global Top 10 lists create a series of false equivalencies between the popularity of English-language and non-English-language content that mask the difference in production budgets between the two categories. Second, Netflix’s publicized data isolates the global audience distribution of non-English-language content from other economic, technological, cultural, and political factors affecting local media ecosystems as demonstrated through an analysis of South Korea. Third, in failing to account for genre-related differences, the Global Top 10 lists distorts audience behavior in the Ibero-American region. Despite the variety of limitations presented by the incomplete audience data from Global Top 10 lists, when properly contextualized with recent academic research and economic information extracted from the specialized trade press publications, this article argues that the relationship between global streaming audiences and geographically diverse content is far more complex than it appears in the Netflix’s industrial discourses.

Legal Disputes of Emigrant Periodical Publishers from the End of the 19th Century to 1904

The subject of the article is the formation of legal dispute practices among Lithuanian emigrant periodical publishers in the USA during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The aim is to analyze the legal cases brought against emigrant periodical publishers during this period, assessing their causes, aspects of the cases, their coverage in the press, and their consequences, based on scientific research and contemporary press publications. The main focus is on the 1897 case against the newspaper “Saulė” published in Mahanoy City, Pa., where publisher D. T. Bačkauskas was accused of violating a US postal ban by distributing immoral literature. Other notable cases include the 1898–1900 litigation involving Chicago newspaper “Lietuva” publisher A. Olšauskas and editor J. Šernas against local Lithuanian priest A. Kriaučiūnas over critical articles directed at him, and the lawsuit of Shenandoah, Pa. newspaper “Viltis” publisher V. Šlekys by A. Savickas, who accused the newspaper of defamation and demanded the disclosure of the article author’s name. The analysis of these and other cases from the period revealed that litigation was one of many manifestations of the ideological split within the emigrant community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As the role of the press grew within the community, clergy, who constituted the majority of the right-wing leadership, found themselves losing the unchallenged authority they had in Lithuania and were unable to compensate for it through their own press and polemics against other factions. Therefore, they tried to exploit legal opportunities. The case against “Saulė” can be partially explained by its popularity within the emigrant community and its occasional positioning as a Catholic newspaper, which drew readers away from the still-weak right-wing press. Priest Kriaučiūnas’s struggle against “Lietuva” can be partly explained by his aim to undermine the influence of the liberal “Lietuva” on Chicago Lithuanians and to create favourable conditions for his newspaper “Katalikas” and its growing influence. Evaluating the causes of the cases, it is possible to discuss the complicated perception of the satirical genre within the emigrant community of that time. On one hand, the hyperbolization of problems and ills in the emigrant life attracted readers with engaging texts, but on the other, it was interpreted as propaganda for a dissolute lifestyle and rejection of religious norms, dismissing the satirical aspect. Additionally, the defense of freedom of speech became a cornerstone in the litigation between Olšauskas and priest Kriaučiūnas. Meanwhile, in the case of Šlekys, the journalistic principle of source protection and the willingness to defend it in court is noteworthy. Regarding the coverage of the cases in the press, e.g. Bačkauskas utilized the reporting of his case in “Saulė” to strengthen his image as an independent publisher and defender of Lithuanian identity. Conversely, the press opposing “Saulė” presented the case as a matter of great significance, serving Lithuanian interests, and depicted the initiator of the case almost as a hero sacrificing for the good of the emigrant community, using colourful epithets and emotional expressions (similar to “Saulė”). The fight for community interests and justice was echoed in the descriptions of the cases of Olšauskas and priest Kriaučiūnas. Moreover, during the analyzed period, there emerged an understanding among individuals who considered themselves defamed in the press that their grievances could be addressed legally. It can be said that this became part of the rapidly forming tradition within the emigrant community to resolve even the smallest quarrels through legal means, despite contemporaries’ concerns that three things tarnished the Lithuanian name in the eyes of others: drunkenness, brawling, and lawsuits, worrying about how much money was wasted and how much of it went to non-Lithuanians. This tradition became customary in the emigrant community, and legal disputes among periodical publishers became not an exceptional occurrence but a common practice, sometimes resolving ideological disagreements in court, throughout the 20th century.

Producción y circulación de la edición comunista en el Cono Sur: el caso de la editorial Sudam (1929-1935)

Objective/Context: This research aims to analyze the editorial practice of the ssa, especially the Sudam publishing house; as well as to identify what were the functions of the published writings and what motives drove the organization to sustain its editorial efforts in the repressive conjuncture of the 1930s. Methodology: We used a qualitative methodology, which consists of the analysis and interpretation of a vast body of documents (composed of internal documents and the public press of the ssa, correspondence, pamphlets and books published by Sudam and Ediciones Europa-América), in relation and dialogue with the secondary bibliography referred to the history of communist books and publishing, of the Communist International and of communism in South America. Originality: The Sudam publishing house has not been approached by historiography as an object of specific analysis so far. This research seeks to contribute to the studies on the Latin American communist book and publishing in the early 1930s, and to favor the understanding of the role of publishing in the development of communist ideology in South America. Conclusions: Although Sudam’s production and diffusion level was limited, its main contribution was to propose a political-editorial practice based on militant and partisan networks, on which the editorial proposals with regional projection of the later period, during the years of the Popular Front policy, were based. Likewise, the titles introduced had a strong ideological and political indoctrination content, so that they collaborated in the Bolshevization and Stalinization of the South American communist parties.

Reconceptualizing Journalists as a Fractured Interpretive Community: Updating the Journalistic Interpretive Community Framework for the 21st Century

Taking a discursive approach, this study applies the concept of metajournalistic discourse to the study of press freedom debates in a postcolonial context stretching from 1993 to 2023 between the Zimbabwean public and private press. Based on a textual analysis of press freedom debates, combined with interviews with various news media stakeholders held between December 2022 and January 2023 in Harare, the study finds support for the previous argument that the idea of journalistic interpretive communities does not really hold under contested contexts beyond liberal Western democracies. The study extends this idea by reconceptualizing journalistic communities beyond liberal Western democracies as fractured interpretive communities. The study further argues that rising polarization and epistemic contests under liberal Western democracies now threaten journalistic interpretive communities as previously understood. This is especially so for those journalists who operate under a contested and polarized news media and political environment, without a single dominant national ideology.

A tourist facility with a ban on children playing: The principle of non-discrimination and the statement of the Bulgarian court

Recently, both in Bulgaria and abroad, it is increasingly common to find accommodation, restaurants and entertainment facilities that advertise and offer a wide range of services. However, these are not intended for general consumers but only those who have reached maturity (excluding minors and the under-aged). According to press publications hotels and restaurants that pre-select their guests based on their age are mainly concentrated on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and in the mountains or they specialize in spa and balneo procedures. It turns out that consumers find it easier to stay with a pet, albeit at an extra cost, than go on vacation with their teenage children. Such practices adopted by representatives of the tourism industry raise some questions of a moral, ethical and legal nature. The current article traces the development of a specific administrative and judicial proceeding initiated to establish the presence of discrimination against consumers in a tourist facility – a restaurant. An overview of the claims and arguments of the claimant is made as well as an analysis of the reasons and considerations given by the competent administrative and judicial authorities. The author’s opinion on the issue is expressed.

Uma história da justiça juvenil restaurativa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed account of the history of restorative juvenile justice in Rio de Janeiro. The study involved conducting interviews with facilitators and professionals who were involved with the Juvenile Justice System in Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2020. In addition to conducting semi-structured interviews, the research also involved reviewing press publications related to the topic during the period under study. Official news from the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro was also considered, along with documents that established partnerships or Restorative Justice programs within the judicial system of the State of Rio de Janeiro with practice in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Lastly, various articles, theses, and dissertations were studied that reported restorative practices relevant to the time and location of the research. The article aims to explore the history of Restorative Juvenile Justice in the TJRJ, including the establishment of the Center for Restorative Justice of the Juvenile Justice System, as well as the unofficial period of its existence. The goal of this research is to raise awareness about Restorative Justice in Rio.

‘Counting fry under a waterfall’: the history, development, and current use of the Small Press Collections at University College London

ABSTRACT University College London Special Collections holds the Small Press Collections consisting of the Little Magazines, Alternative Presses, and Poetry Store of poetry pamphlets, artist’s books, and other text bearing print objects. This essay outlines the history and growth of the collections, founded by Geoffrey Soar in 1964, and starts by exploring the networks essential to the development of a large collection of international, independently published literary and visual art material. I draw on fifteen years’ experience as Collection Manager to examine the challenges of acquiring, cataloguing, and managing non-mainstream, self-published, ephemeral material in an institutional context and facilitating access for researchers. It considers selected comparable collections in the UK and the US and the difficulties in aligning institutional holdings and practices. The notions of materiality and obsolescence in the context of library collections are considered in relation to mimeographed and other format little magazines and small press publications. It concludes with examples of object-based learning scenarios that reactivate the material in a teaching and research context.

Aesthetics of obscenity: the avant-garde text and underground impact of My Own Mag and Poetmeat

ABSTRACT This article uses archival research to analyse the text, aesthetics and impact of two little poetry magazines of the early 1960s: Poetmeat edited by Dave Cunliffe and Tina Morris, and Jeff Nuttall’s My Own Mag. Building upon previous studies which show the part small press publications played in distributing innovative US verse and the influence that had upon UK poetry, it illustrates how the experimentalism of Poetmeat and My Own Mag contributed to this process. This research builds on my own book Hidden Culture, Forgotten History (2017), James Charnley’s recent Nuttall biography Anything but Dull (2022) as well as the work of art historian Andrew Wilson and academic Gillian Whiteley to argue that the production of these two journals pursued a political as well as a cultural agenda. I contend that little poetry magazines went beyond the dissemination of avant-garde verse, illustrating how the experimentalism carried by the two journals was part of a process which bridged the gap separating different artforms, the development by which conceptualism later came to the fore. Further, it proposes that the cut-ups of William Burroughs were key to this transformation. Finally, the article concludes by raising questions about the behaviour of Cunliffe and Nuttall which may explain their continuing obscurity.

Островки милосердия. Российские медики во время военных действий на Северном Кавказе в 1990 — начале 2000-х гг

At the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, Russia had to conduct active military operations twice to suppress the hotbed of separatism, crime and terrorism in the North Caucasus. Serious military medicine forces had to be involved. Meanwhile, the participation of medical professionals in two Chechen operations is still on the periphery of attention of domestic researchers. In the 1990s and early 2000s, the Russian mass media wrote that military doctors were helping wounded and sick servicemen of the federal troops directly on the front line and in rear hospitals, often informed the general public about maintaining the mental health of recent front-line soldiers, and also never ignored the assistance to the civilian population (women, the elderly, children) of the Chechen Republic. Some press publications described the most successful and complex operations performed by Russian military surgeons. In many publications of those years, you can also find reports about the doctors who distinguished themselves the most during the active hostilities and were awarded high state awards, including the Gold Star of the Hero of the Russian Federation. The practical activities of Russian doctors in the North Caucasus in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted not only in the saving of the lives of the vast majority of wounded soldiers, but also in restoration of the Chechen health system, prevention of epidemics and successful fight against numerous infectious diseases.

Strategi Marketing Public Relations Auto2000

The business competition in the current era of digitalization is increasingly fierce, so companies need to adapt and are required to have good and innovative strategies. This research aims to analyze and describe the sustainability of Marketing Public Relations strategies at Auto2000 PT. Astra International Tbk. The theory used in this study is the Marketing Public Relations theory proposed by Kotler & Armstrong, which includes 9 tools of Marketing Public Relations: Publications, Events, Identity Media, News, Speeches, Public Service Activities, Sponsorship, Press Relations, and Product and Brand Publicity. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, which is a problem-solving procedure investigated by describing the state of the research object based on existing facts. The data collection method employed was through interviews. The Publications involved creating persuasive, informative, and educational content to attract customers using social media. The Events activities included organizing a series of events aimed at introducing new products and sustaining various campaigns to increase brand awareness. For Identity Media, Auto2000 emphasized the characteristics of the logo and the use of dominant colors for each published content. In the News activities, Auto2000 utilized the website and made efforts to obtain organic news from mass media. For Speeches, a company spokesperson was appointed to deliver credible information and clarify issues. The Public Service Activities involved social initiatives as a form of responsive services and social assistance. Sponsorships supported events relevant to the company. Press Relations efforts were made to build good relationships with the media. For Product and Brand Publicity, Auto2000 ensured the quality of services and products, complemented by high publicity.

Authorship and Accountability: Kierkegaard and Anonymity in the Press

ABSTRACTSøren Kierkegaard was engaged with the press in a variety of ways throughout his authorship. Although studies of Kierkegaard's interactions with the public press of his time have largely focused on his dispute with the satirical newspaper, Corsaren, in this paper I examine his first engagement with the press—a mostly anonymous newspaper dispute with the Danish social activist, Orla Lehmann, about the freedom of the press in Denmark—as a lens through which to understand his thoughts on the press in general, on anonymous authorship in the newspapers and otherwise, and the ethical and religious significance Kierkegaard sees in the methods we employ, including anonymity, when we engage one another in public writings.

How Technology, Health Information Seeking, and Socioeconomic Factors Are Associated With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Readiness in Estonians Over 50 Years?

Despite the proven effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing severe illness, many individuals, including older adults who are most susceptible to the virus, have opted against vaccination. Various factors could shape vaccination decisions, including seeking health information (HI). The internet is the primary source of HI today; however, older adults are often referred to as those missing out on digital benefits. The study explores the correlations between information and communication technology (ICT) use, online HI seeking, socioeconomic factors, and COVID-19 vaccination readiness among individuals aged 50 and above in Estonia. The survey data were gathered from 501 people aged 50 and older after the first lockdown in 2020. The outcomes revealed that vaccination readiness positively correlated with factors such as higher educational attainment, greater income, male gender, access to ICT, a readiness to employ digital technologies for health-related purposes, a greater demand for HI, and a higher frequency of seeking it online. There was some discrepancy in the preference of HI sources; for example, vaccination consenters preferred online versions of professional press publications and specific health portals. Based on the findings, it is advisable to encourage older adults to utilize the internet and new technology for health-related purposes. This practice expands the range of information sources available to them, ultimately enabling better decision-making regarding their health behaviors.