Press In Canada Research Articles

Canadian Journalism: Two Centuries of Missed Opportunities (1608–1806)

The article analyzes how the events of the distant communication past affect the current information situation in the country based on the specific material of the two-century formation of a Canadian journalism. Under French rule, there were no printing houses and no press in Canada. Under the British regime, newspapers finally appeared, but English became the official language of the colony with a French-speaking population, and periodicals involuntarily, contrary to the proclamation of George III, chose “unofficial bilingualism”. However, the division of Canada by the political decision of the new metropolis into French-speaking and English-speaking ones in 1791 left its mark on all the subsequent development of journalism in the country: today two separate media systems continue to coexistt.

Poland and the Holocaust in the Polish-American Press, 1926–1945

Poland and the Holocaust in the Polish-American Press, 1926–1945

Retoryka mediów wobec zagadnienia Deportacji Akadian na przykładzie wybranych artykułów z "La Presse i Le Journal de Montréal"

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate, based on the example of two Canadian journals, how memory remains alive after the events of 1755, when the deportation of the Acadians took place. In spite of the 250 years which have passed since the event, the French-language press in Canada remains extremely sensitive to the topic of the expulsion of the French from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia by the British, and it frequently expresses its attachment to the memory of the Acadians.

Introduction

In their introduction to a special issue of the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, co-editors Rebecka Taves Sheffield and Nicholas Giguère provide a brief historical overview of the emergence of an LGBTQ+ press in Canada, and describe how the history of LGBTQ+ print culture in Canada is inextricably intertwined with the country’s history of media censorship, which has been often used to exclude LGBTQ+ people from public spaces. Sheffield and Giguère then summarize the articles, note, and review essay included in the special journal issue and describe how, on a whole, the contributors’ research sheds new light on the relationship between LGBTQ+ print media and the communities that it has both served and helped to create, despite persistent censorship.

Działalność wydawnicza Kanadyjsko – Polskiego Instytutu Badawczego w Toronto (1956-2016)

The Canadian-Polish Research Institute was founded in 1956 by Wiktor Turek, who was also its first president. The following presidents of the Institute were: Tadeusz Krychowski (1963-1972), Rudolf K. Kogler (1972-1995), Edward Sołtys (1995-2011), and Joanna Lustański (from 2011). During the sixty years of its existence, the Institute published about 50 books. There are several dominant thematic profiles among them: 1. bibliographic books (Polonica Canadiana, The Polish Language Press in Canada); 2. registers of Polish scientists and a list of Polish artists, writers and musicians; 3. memories; 4. monographs on the history of Polish settlement in Canada, as well as Polish institutions and organizations; 5. other publications: an English translation of Melchior Wańkowicz's Three Generations, a volume of poetry and prose by Danuta Bieńkowska – Beetwen the Shores, a monograph on the sciences of law by prof. Tadeusz Grygier Sprawiedliwość, czyli istota moralności, zdrowia i prawa, and the book of Edward Sołtys Black Ribbon Day. The publishing achievements of the Canadian-Polish Research Institute are of paramount importance for promoting the contribution of Poles living in Canada. This participation includes the activity of Polish engineers, scientists, artists, clerics, veterans, social and political activists. Their presentation in the form of studies issued by the Institute is an important element of the Polish public and historical diplomacy.

Special Section on the Future University Press in Canada

The introduction and five articles that lead off the January 2018 issue compose a special section of the Journal of Scholarly Publishing (JSP). This group of papers came as a windfall to the current co-editors of JSP from a prior arrangement between Tom Radko, former editor of JSP, and Ruth Bradley-St-Cyr, guest editor of the special section. Assembling the contents of the special section was the work of Bradley-St-Cyr, who explains the provenance of and gives a context for the contents in the following introduction. The co-editors are grateful to Bradley-St-Cyr for curating these forward-facing contributions to JSP.

Reading Rice: A Local Habitation and a Name

Nikky Finney, a South Carolinian Black woman, wrote Rice, her second collection of poems, over an extended period of gestation and personal growth. I read the collection two years before it was eventually published by Sister Vision Press in Canada. At the time, it made absolute sense to me that the collection be published, and I was convinced that it would be just a matter of time and the right publisher before the work would see the light of day. I read the work under peculiar circumstances. I did not really know Nikky. I had met her in passing, but a friend of mine had talked extensively with her and had been blessed with a copy of Rice. After listening to Nikky read in Sumter, I demanded that my friend allow me to read the poems. She did, and the letter that follows emerged as my spontaneous response to the work. Since that time, I often considered writing a more formal critique of the work, but every time I returned to my letter, I was struck by the energy and clarity of the reaction. I became convinced that this reaction was the most deeply felt response to her work and needed to be exposed to the eyes of others. I also began to realize that something about the epistle lent itself to the kind of direct and free-flowing reaction to Nikky Finney's work that is so necessary. The reflections in this piece are by no means comprehensive and do not take into full consideration the edits that Finney did to the text prior to publication. However, because the essential qualities of the book remain the same, I am convinced of the comments' validity. I also find it interesting that my reading of the poems intersects wonderfully with some of the structural changes that Finney made with the manuscript that was finally published. It is my conviction that Nikky Finney brings a distinctive voice to American letters that needs to be heard. It is an intimidating voice because of its directness and its open engagement with issues that are often on the fore of the American consciousness. Perhaps this is the reason that Finney was unable to secure an American publisher for the book. At the same time, there is little doubt that Finney is blessed with such a facility for metaphors and turn of phrase that much of what she has produced is brilliant in its evocation of time, place, and mood. There is a ruggedness to the sprawl of her verse that is reminiscent of another poet from another time and culture: Like Walt Whitman, Finney seeks to discover the heart, the core of the experience and often allows that to subsume an instinct toward the constriction of form. But there are also very fine moments that showcase Finney's capacity for intense control and rhythmic precision in her writing. As an alien to this country, I have found myself discovering this landscape and culture through a myriad of encounters which range from the music of Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, Sweet Honey in the Rock, and the great blues women, to the jaundiced glitz of Hollywood's magic and the very coherent and homogenous ingenuity of television. I have married these encounters with an examination of the history and culture of the South and a close examination of the literature that has been generated by this culture. Finney's poetry has offered me another dimension to the picture. As I encounter her personal history, I realize that I am encountering a more profound and deeply American reality--a reality that beautifully allows me to feel as if there is a certain affinity in much of America to the South from whence I have emerged. And here I speak not of the Southern States of America, but the large body of people from the Southern hemisphere. As I read her work, I hear the strains of reggae music; I hear the sweet falsetto of Cameroonian jive, and the calm groundedness of Ghanaian high-life. I also sense the blues-like earthiness of country folk trying to make sense of their diasporal existence. It is in these things that I have discovered a closeness to the work of Nikky Finney. …

The View from Down Under: Freedom of the Press in Canada

The author considers the state of freedom of the press in Canada from an Australian perspective. He argues that Australia looks at least as good as Canada on this front, even though Australia has no national bill of rights and Canada has its Charter of Rights.

KANADOS LIETUVIŲ SPAUDA IR IŠEIVIŲ BENDRUOMENĖS KULTŪRINIO GYVENIMO REFLEKSIJA JOJE

The new surge of Lithuanian emigrants, who came to Canada after the Second World War (in about 1947) from the camps of displaced persons, did not find in this country neither strong countrymen community nor deep traditions of press in the native language which they used to have in the neighbour country – the United States of America. About 22,000 Lithuanians settled in Canada. As a big number of intellectuals joined former working-class community, new possibilities for development of Lithuanian press arose. Until 2000 over 500 books were printed in Canada, only 50 among them in English. Especially important role in community organizing, native language preservation and national identity rising played Lithuanian weeklies “Nepriklausoma Lietuva” (Independent Lithuania) (Montreal, 1941–2001) and “Tėviškės žiburiai” (Lights of the Mother Country) (launched in Toronto, at the end of 1949 and still being issued). Due to the efforts of the editors – famous historian Adolfas Šapoka (1906–1961) and reverend and philosopher Pranas Gaida-Gaidamavičius(b. 1914) – “Tėviškės žiburiai” became possibly the best weekly of Lithuanian emigrants, popular not only in Canada but in the other countries as Abstractwell. The weekly, finishing its sixth decade, now being edited by Česlovas Stankevičius, managed quietly survive changes of both editors and the exterior of the publication, staying however true to all attitudes of formation of content of publication for all community members. It reflects fullness of the life of Lithuanian community in Canada; therefore the weekly is still popular both among emigrants and in Lithuania itself.Two trends in book publishing especially important for Lithuanian community should be accentuated – Lithuanian education and folk art. A man of merit for Lithuanian education was Antanas Rinkūnas (1909–1985), pedagogue who created the most important textbooks for Lithuanian schools. The brightest advocates of folk art and publishers of books on this topic were famous artists, founders of the Lithuanian Folk Art Institute in Toronto, Anastazija (1906–2005) and Antanas (1906–2005) Tamošaitis. The Lithuanian press in Canada still follows its deep traditions. Lithuanian press and manuscript documents of Lithuanian community activities in Canada are accumulated and preserved in the Lithuanian Museum-Archives, established in 1996, in Toronto.

The Myth of <em>Evangeline</em> and the Origin of Canadian National Cinema

This article examines the oft-repeated claim in scholarship and popular texts that the Canadian Bioscope Company’s production of Evangeline (1913) was the first Canadian feature film. Considering the film’s reception in the press in Canada and the United States and the cultural history of the Evangeline legend in its many popular permutations and intermedial formats, the article argues that Evangeline has become an origin myth for nationalistic accounts of Canadian cinema, however strained. Emphasis on the Evangeline milestone ultimately obscures more than it reveals about both production practices of the time and the cultural significance of the text, neglecting the film’s resonances for regional and Acadian communities, as well as the story’s global and transcultural reach.

The View from Down Under: Freedom of the Press in Canada

The View from Down Under: Freedom of the Press in Canada

“An entirely different culture and an alien race:” Scandinavian Ukrainian encounters on the Canadian Prairies 1910-1940

ABSTRACT: While contacts between Scandinavia and Kievan Rus’ in recent history have been limited, and Scandinavian, and Scandinavian-Canadian attitudes to Ukrainians were long characterized by an aggressive hostility and racist stereotypes. The image of the “Galician” merged with stereotypes of Russians, which have a long tradition in Scandinavia and Germany. “Galicians” became synonymous with backwardness, social retardation and superstition. As a result of pressure to assimilate and competition for the same jobs, Scandinavian-Ukrainian relations in Canada became strained. These attitudes took a particularly aggressive form in the Scandinavian press in Canada. This article attempts to identify anti-Ukrainian themes in Scandinavian and Scandinavian-Canadian literature and assess their significance for the identity formation of the Scandinavians in Canada in the early 20th century.

Recent Journal Articles

Recent Journal Articles Wendy A. Swik U.S. Military Academy Library The bibliography is compiled by the systematic search of approximately four hundred periodicals, a check of several general journal bibliographies, and the welcomed contribution of interested subscribers. Many times older citations will be included simply because the compiler had not come across them earlier or, more frequently, because the periodicals are behind publication schedule. Those wishing to be assured of having their articles listed in this section are urged to notify the compiler. References should include the following: author(s), full title (including subtitle), name of periodical, volume number, issue date, and pagination. Address all contributions to Wendy Swik, Military Affairs Librarian, U.S.M.A. Library, West Point, NY 10996–1799. General Military Affairs Cassidy, Robert M. "Winning the War of the Flea. Lessons from Guerrilla Warfare." Military Review Special Edition, October 2006, 2–7. Cole, Merle T., and Donald R. Davis. "'We can take it': Organizational Evolution of the 150th Cavalry West Virginia Army National Guard." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 8–15. Hill, Tony. "Trials and Tribulations—Some British Long-Range Guns of the Mid-19th to Mid-20th Century." Journal of the Royal Artillery 133 (Spring 2006): 43–48. Klinger, Janeen. "The Social Science of Carl von Clausewitz." Parameters 36 (Spring 2006): 79–89. Sepp, Kalev I. "Best Practices in Counterinsurgency." Military Review Special Edition, October 2006, 8–12. Ancient and Medieval Warfare Cooper, Stephen. "An Unsung Villain: The Reputation of a Condottiere." History Today 56 (January 2006): 19–25. Dumolyn, Jan. "The 'Terrible Wednesday' of Pentecost: Confronting Urban and Princely Discourses in the Bruges Rebellion of 1436–1438." History: Journal of the Historical Association 92 (January 2007): 3–20. [End Page 1002] 1500–1815 Military Affairs Cormack, Andrew. "The Uniform of Officers of Independent Companies in the Later Eighteenth Century." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 84 (Autumn 2006): 215–22. Davidson, Ian. "Some Comments on the Traditional Historiography of the Black Watch, 1725–1815." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 84 (Autumn 2006): 223–35. Rees, John U. "'Knowledge Necessary to a Soldier': The Continental Officer's Military Reading List, 1775–1778." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 65–71. Stroock, Will. "Marlborough's Art of War." Strategy & Tactics 238 (September 2006): 6–17. Weaver, Philip D. "Sam Wire and the Cow-boys." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 47–51. Zlatich, Marko. "A Miniature Portrait of Major James Hamilton (1750–1833)." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 4–7. 1816–1869 Military Affairs Chartrand, René. "The Forces of Imperial Brazil in the Triple Alliance War, 1865– 1870." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 28–46. Grandchamp, Robert. "'The appearance of a gang of Chinamen': A Study of the Uniforms Worn by Brown's Battery B, First Rhode Island Light Artillery." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 58–61. Green, Jennifer R. "Networks of Military Educators: Middle-class Stability and Professionalization in the Late Antebellum South." Journal of Southern History 73 (February 2007): 39–74. Lyons, Marco J. "Pragmatic and Skilled Leadership: General George H. Thomas at Stones River." Infantry 95 (May-June 2006): 32–40. Ray, Fred L. "Civil War Sharpshooters." Infantry 95 (May-June 2006): 18–21. Sullivan, David M. "The War of the Triple Alliance, 1865–1870." Military Collector & Historian 59 (Spring 2007): 23–27. 1870–1920 Military Affairs Black, John. "'Supermen and superwomen': The Army Pay Services and the First World War, 1914–1920." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research 84 (Autumn 2006): 260–80. Foley, Robert T. "What's in a Name?: The Development of Strategies of Attrition on the Western Front, 1914–1918." Historian 68 (Winter 2006): 722–46. Fowler, Michelle. "'Death is not the worst thing': The Presbyterian Press in Canada, 1913–1919." War & Society 25 (October 2006): 23–38. Grandhomme, Jean-Noel. "Internment Camps for German Civilians in Finisterre, France (1914–1919)." Historian 68 (Winter 2006): 792–810. Habib, Douglas F. "Chastity, Masculinity, and Military...

'Death is not the Worst Thing': The Presbyterian Press in Canada, 1913–1919

(2006). 'Death is not the Worst Thing': The Presbyterian Press in Canada, 1913–1919. War & Society: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 23-38.

The periodical press and western woman's suffrage movements in Canada and the United States: A comparative study

Sypnosis The early achievement of woman suffrage in the North American West is commonly explained in ways that elide the struggle involved. Building on recent historical work that recovers the decades of struggle and debate that preceded woman suffrage in the West, this article examines woman suffrage discourse in two prominent regional publications: The New Northwest of Oregon, and The Grain Growers' Guide of western Canada. Against explanatory narratives of western suffrage as a gift or as a recognition of women's pioneering contributions, we offer comparative studies of how these periodicals advanced strategic representations; how they were determined by the conditions of their emergence and engagement; and how they negotiated specific interventions. By drawing these analyses together, we hope to contribute to a broader re-evaluation of similarities and differences in women's suffrage organizing across national and regional borders and to a growing body of work on the specific contexts and interventions of women's print culture.

The Relationship

I want to talk about shared values, and shared goals, and I also want to talk about the global context of much of what Canada and the United States do together. I am not one of those people who believe these two countries are diverging.The fact of the matter is that there are more differences within each country than there are between our two countries, and we do have fundamental goals that we share in this hemisphere and around the globe and we do share fundamental values. Energy is one thing that we're working closely on. We get more oil from Canada than we get from Saudi Arabia, and we know that the potential in the oil sands is quite vast. Gas is another big export from Canada to the United States, natural gas. And even as we work to get the Alaska Slope gas and the Mackenzie Valley gas, I think we all realize that the demand for gas in North America will probably even outstrip those supplies. What has been a continental market and a continental price will soon become a global price, so what happens in the fields of Nigeria will have an impact on the price of natural gas in North America. We know that from oil: even though Canada is an oil-producing country, the price of that oil is determined by the world market. So we will continue to work together to make sure we have the energy to keep the economies of Canada, the United States, and Mexico growing. We will continue to integrate this North American energy market. We are already integrated quite a bit on the grid. When the lights went out in New York a couple of summers ago, they also went out in Toronto and Ottawa, and many other parts of Ontario. We need to improve and modernize that grid; we need to have mandatory reliability standards and these things our two countries are working on together.Environmental protection is another goal that we share. We have beautiful natural resources in Canada and in the United States. And we are working on a whole number of initiatives to make sure that we can protect the air and the water and the beautiful lands for future generations. We are working together on climate change. I know we have taken different approaches to Kyoto, but despite that fact, we are working together on the international partnership for the hydrogen economy; we are working on the carbon sequestration leadership forum; we are working together on the global earth observation system.The United States is committed to stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions. President Bush has indicated that we want to address this problem with sound science and we want to be able to maintain our standard of living at the same time. We have a plan to slow, stop, and ultimately reverse these emissions based on sound science. We believe that this makes sense because economic growth provides the resources for new environmental investment. Just to make the point, because I know this is misunderstood both in the press in Canada and in the United States, we are spending US$5.8 billion per year on this in the United States. That is more money than all of Europe, Japan, and Canada combined, because we are determined to get the science right, so that we can address the problem of global warming and global climate change while maintaining our standard of living and our way of life at the same time. So we will continue to work with Canada as well as other countries because this is another issue that has a global impact. I've been to Paddockwood and to Churchill and I know the impact this warming has already had in London. It affects wildlife activity: the ice freezes later, and that's not good news for the polar bears. They've got to get out on the ice to get the seals. It is affecting the north and the Arctic but there's no question that this will affect the entire globe and we have to work together to get the science right to address it.Another goal that Canada and the United States share is to defeat the terrorist threat, and I can tell you that I often say that in the United States we cannot defend our homeland without the help of Canada. …

Céline Dion, national unity and the English-language press in Canada

The national unity crisis in Canada deepened during the 1990s; it became increasingly likely that the French-speaking province of Quebec might separate from the rest of the country. This article examines how press coverage of Céline Dion, the popular francophone singer from Quebec, has intersected with the national unity debate. After providing some background on the debate and Dion, the article explores the linkages between them in Canada's English-language press. The analysis suggests the existence of a pro-unity frame in coverage of Dion. It also identifies how news stories about Dion have been shaped by binary oppositions, quoting practices and other journalistic techniques. The article concludes by noting some similarities and differences between coverage of political events in the national unity debate (such as referendums or constitutional accords) and coverage of Dion which is associated with the debate.

Civil War, Culture War: French Quebec and the American War Between the States

In June, 1864, an unnamed French Canadian Catholic stationed in a Union trench outside Richmond, Virginia, penned a letter to a loved one back home in Quebec.1 The letter, itself among the few extra-official, extra-journalistic primary sources available to scholars interested in French Canadian involvement in attitudes toward the American Civil War, was not meant for public consumption but rather to provide family friends with news. It was a friend of the journal, as the editor of the newspaper that published the letter wrote in his preface, who decided to make it public. He undoubtedly did so because the letter tells the tale of a lonely, weary French Canadian who, probably contrary to the wishes of his parents, loved ones, parish priest, had enlisted in the Union army. We finally have a little respite, the soldier wrote, and I've decided to take advantage of it write a few lines. This letter was one of many reminders offered to young French Canadians in the 1860's that those who went to the American war would face hard times.2 There is no question that the American Civil War was of great interest to French Quebeckers. As was the case throughout the press in Canada, Quebec's French-language newspapers frequently published war news taken from Union Confederate journals. If, as Robin Winks has noted, the dearth of letters to editors of Canadian newspapers suggests a lack of interest on the part of general readers in the philosophical issues of the war-whether or not the Confederacy should have the right to secede from the Union, for instance3-they devoted much editorial comment to such issues in Quebec, albeit in a distinctly French Canadian fashion. Whatever a lack of debate in the pages of newspapers might mean in English-speaking British North America, where a wider range of opinions was held on a number of points (e.g., the Methodist Christian Guardian of Toronto advocated the immediate abolition of slavery while the Methodist Provincial Wesleyan of Halifax stood for gradual abolition), the average mid-nineteenth-century French Quebecker's deference to political religious authority lent itself to a greater consensus on social philosophical matters. It is true that Quebec's liberals, such as those who inhabited the rouge Institut Canadien, railed often against the conservative status quo. But their views were not widely shared in the 1860's.4 The opinions of most of French Quebec's newspaper editors were habitually in line with those of the Roman Catholic hierarchy, these trickled down, unresisted, into the hearts minds of the general population. Once the opinions of Quebec's religious leaders were known on a given subject, there was little perceived need for, or even an interest in, debate among ordinaryFrench Canadians.5 Thus, while editorializing on the war was common in the French Canadian press, argument over what the war meant was not. In the 1860's, moreover, hardly more than half of Quebec's French population could read a majority lived in rural settings.6 Thus even the small number of literate, rural French Quebeckers who might have felt compelled to write editors would have been too occupied with their daily work to do so. If most French Quebeckers did not thus fret themselves over the philosophical issues raised by the American war, there can be little doubt that the conflict nevertheless weighed heavily on their minds. For a large number of the French Canadians had relations or friends residing in the United States at the time of war. Indeed, between 1851 1871 some 105,000 Quebeckers, the overwhelming majority of them French-speaking Catholics, emigrated to the United States.7 As is well known, the majority of French Canadians who emigrated to the United States in the ante-bellum years resided in nearby New England. But Quebeckers did emigrate to all ends of the continent.8 In the 1850's, for instance, some six or seven thousand French Canadians emigrated to Illinois, where they joined an already existing French Canadian community of 8,000. …

Céline Dion, the ADISQ Controversy, and the Anglophone Press in Canada

ADISQ, the organization that honours excellence in the Quebec music industry, gave francophone singer Céline Dion an award for being the Anglophone Artist of the Year in 1990. At the ADISQ gala that year, which was televised live across Canada, Dion refused to accept the award. Dion’s decision to not accept the award, and the statement she made when turning it down, became the basis for a controversy that received a great deal of coverage in Canada’s anglophone press. This paper examines anglophone press coverage of the ADISQ controversy involving Dion. After outlining press coverage of Dion and ADISQ during the years prior to the controversy, the paper identifies how the controversy began and analyses the issues that dominated the coverage. The paper also examines follow-up coverage of the controversy; it identifies how subsequent news stories on Dion, including some that were written several years later, linked the controversy to other issues.

Betrayal and Fear: Press Coverage of Canadian Skinheads

This paper examines the ways in which skinheads and the press in Canada mutually engage in public strategies to subvert each other’s significatory powers. Arguably, skinheads present a limited challenge to the social mainstream which, like their style, exists primarily on the surface. In analyzing the media response, the discursive containment of subcultural resistance is revealed as news reports retain the social order of the existing institutional structure. As skinheads attempt to draw attention to themselves and to society’s hidden contradictions, the media exploit their spectacularity, transforming it into a saleable news commodity.