Presidential Elections In Ukraine Research Articles

The Air Iron Curtain of the 21st Century: the Ukraine of the Air | A Cortina de Ferro Aérea do Século XXI: as Ucrânias do Ar

“Ukraine” means borderland and the concept of border encompasses the notion of lines that determine the land, sea and air spaces of sovereignty and responsibility of all Nation-States. As so, we can argue that aerial ukraines are defined by the so-called Flight Information Regions (FIR). The Nation-States or the groups of Nation-States should guarantee the safety and assistance ofaircraft operating in their respective FIR. However, they can also close them for national security reasons, especially in cases of war, or use them as political and geopolitical tools, to obtain advantages over other Nation-Sates, namely their opponents. By studying the main events regarding aviation’s history like the first international flight and the events occurred since the 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine and the political decisions regarding sanctions, this article addresses the effects of the Ukrainian war on the Eurasian aviation, discussing, among other themes, the geographical, geopolitical, social, and economic implications. After three decades of globalization, it was perhaps inconceivable to return to a world of closed skies. However, that reality is back and even if it isn’t transversal to the entire world, the political weight of the rise of an aerial iron curtain of the 21st century is undeniable.

Główne determinanty zwycięstwa Wołodymyra Zełenskiego w wyborach prezydenckich 2019 roku

The aim of the article is to identify the main determinants that led to the victory of Volodymyr Zelensky in the 2019 presidential election in Ukraine. The following methods were used to carry out the research task: historical, analysis of existing data, systemic and case study. This article analyzes: 1) the pre-election situation (the election campaign officially started on December 31, 2018); 2) leitmotifs of the election campaign of the two main rivals (Volodymyr Zelensky and Petro Poroshenko); 3) the main factors that led to Zelensky’s victory in the presidential election. In the 2019 presidential election, for the first time in Ukraine’s history, the candidate using modern electoral technologies based on emotions won.

Дніпровський національний університет імені Олеся Гончара пр. Гагаріна, 72, м. Дніпро, Україна, 49000 ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКІ ВИБОРИ В УКРАЇНІ В 1991–2019 РР. (ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТА ВИБОРЧИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ)

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the study is to identify the peculiarities of communication strategies and election technologies in all presidential elections in Ukraine in 1991–2019 as a systemic, holistic, dynamic political process and to analyze in detail their features and the transformations they underwent under the influence of the socio-political, economic, and socio-cultural situation in the country.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em> is based on comparative-historical, retrospective, situational and analytical methods that made it possible to highlight the problem under analysis as well as the originality of the material under the study.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results </em></strong><em>the paper focuses on each of the stages of the President elections and the evolution of the communicative strategies and election technologies used in them – from the first stage where the promoter of the nomenlklature L. Kuchma and the leader of national-patriotic forces V. Chornovol were in opposition. At that time the use of the means of agitprop and administration resource was customary. The same use of agitation and propaganda means characterized the early election of 90-s at which a new political force was put forward. It was the Ukrainian union of entrepreneurs and industrialists led by L. Kuchma.</em></p><p><em>TV communication and PR-technologies together with «printed word» editions were used further. And already the election of 2004 knew the brutal use of manipulative technologies and the work of the press dependent on oligarchs. The last election company in which a politician and an actor were in opposition became the final approval of the «pageant policy». With the help of the traditional communication (TV and cinema) and the use of digital communication the applicants transferred to virtual area. The victory won the one who felt himself more comfortably in it.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty</em></strong><em> is in the fact that for the first time the attempt to the systematic research of the President election process in the social-political context is done.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance </em></strong><em>is in the identification of those election aspects that lead to the use of manipulative technologies and in the attempt to highlight the most acceptable ways to adapt the world experience to the Ukrainian reality. <strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>election, politics, media, «logocracy», «videocracy», stereotypes, PR-technology, manipulation, adminresource, mythologeme.</em></p>

Estonian experience of electronic voting: prospects of implementation in Ukraine

The paper examines the Estonian experience of electronic voting and reveals the prospects for the introduction of the Estonian model of Internet voting in Ukraine. The author investigated the procedure for conducting electronic voting in Estonia, the legal, organizational and technical aspects of its implementation, as well as the positive features of the implementation of electronic voting. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the author came to the conclusion that when implementing electronic voting, it would be appropriate to use the Estonian experience, including regarding voting within a certain time before the voting date at the polling station, the possibility of changing the vote before the end of the time allocated for voting, priority of voting at the polling station over internet voting in case the voter voted using both forms of voting. It is also necessary to develop appropriate software that would use the performance of the i-Voting system, possibly based on the Diya mobile application and the Diya internet portal. For this purpose, it will be expedient to make appropriate changes to the Election Code of Ukraine, taking into account the provisions of Art. 116 of the Law of Ukraine "On the All-Ukrainian Referendum". The measures listed above will contribute to the implementation of e-democracy in Ukraine, especially in the context of the impossibility of creating polling stations in many regions of Ukraine, which are currently occupied or war zones, given the significant destruction of infrastructure, the temporary relocation of the majority of the population of the respective regions to other regions. The implementation of the electronic voting system would solve some of these problems that may arise during the next parliamentary and presidential elections in Ukraine.

Regular post-war parliamentary and presidential elections in Ukraine: organizational issues and challenges for democracy

Regular post-war parliamentary and presidential elections in Ukraine: organizational issues and challenges for democracy

ПОЛІТИЧНА ПАРТІЯ ЯК ПОХІДНА СЕРІАЛУ В СУЧАСНІЙ УКРАЇНІ: КУЛЬТУРНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ОБРАЗУ ПРОТИ ІДЕОЛОГІЇ

The author analyzed the TV show "Servant of the People" and how it influenced the functioning process of political parties in Ukraine through the prism of the correlation of ideological and technological practices in the TV show. The methodology of the study is based not on the analysis of the content of political programs and organizations, but on the logic of hierarchies and transformations of cultural practices. The main marker of the dominance of technology over ideology in the 2019 presidential elections in Ukraine was the fact that a political party is created with the same name after it became clear that the success of the show ensured the victory of the protagonist's representative in the elections. Mass media is a form of cultural power of an ever-expanding group of educated people. It combines the elements of ideology and technology of image. The historical dynamics of the mass media demonstrates several historical stages in this process. The first stage is the print media: the text-centrism of this media creates an ideological dominant for unifying into large enough groups of people at the cost of the regulative idea of rational discourse. The decentralization of political positions, represented as variety of political parties, is carried out as rational criticism. The second stage is optical media (cinema and television): the circulation of images from this period creates a positive emotional connection to the political leader beyond the mediations of the rational bureaucracy. The dramaturgical style of media criticism does not assume an active position of a rational subject, but a passive mass viewer, who expresses an evaluative position on professionally produced images, including images of the political sphere. The technology of image production dominates the ideological narrative. The third stage is the reproduction of optical media in Internet practices. Here the simplification of production and circulation, of discourse and image, leads to a new level of immediacy in the connection between the political leader and his voters, on the one hand. On the other hand, the political, as well as other elite spheres, are beginning to lose their privileged status in the democratization of cultural capital production. Internet media suggest a de-differentiation of image and discourse, ideology and technology of image. There is a certain imbalance to- wards the production of images above narrative.

Obraz wyborów prezydenckich na Ukrainie w 2019 roku na podstawie portalu informacyjnego TVN24

Since 2004, the times of the “Orange Revolution”, the topic of Ukraine has increasingly appearedin the Polish media, and Ukraine itself has become the subject of interest and sympathy fora large number of Poles. In 2019, for the first time in independent Ukraine, seven months beforethe presidential election, it was difficult to assess who would win in the first round of elections.The aim of the article is to show how the image of the presidential election in Ukraine is changingin a few months. How the candidates were assessed on the basis of their previous achievements andhow the public support changes in the short time of the election campaign. Information materialsprepared by the most popular news channel in Poland, TVN24, were used for the analysis.

«ПЕРША ШПАЛЬТА». ПОРЯДОК ДЕННИЙ МЕДІА МІЖ І ТА ІІ ТУРАМИ ПРЕЗИДЕНТСЬКОЇ КАМПАНІЇ 2019 Р. (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МАТЕРІАЛІВ САЙТУ ВИДАННЯ «ДЗЕРКАЛО ТИЖНЯ. УКРАЇНА»)

Lomeyko V. I. «The front page». Media agendabetween I and II rounds of the 2019 presidentialcampaign (the example of the research of materials of anonline edition «Mirror of the Week. Ukraine»). – Article.The article is devoted to defining the main topics ofthe political agenda in the analytical materials of thenewspaper «Mirror of the Week. Ukraine» between thefirst and the second rounds of the 2019 presidentialelections in Ukraine. Agenda-setting theory is based onthe fact that the media influence politics by constructingan agenda, i.e. determine the hierarchy of sociallysignificant issues. In Ukraine, the media is always an echoof clan, oligarchic interests. To date, there is no researchto determine the level of influence of individual mediaon the political agenda, i.e. their political «influence».This research is one of the first attempts to outline therange of media that build the agenda in Ukraine. At thepreparatory stage of the study, the publications thatАктуальні проблеми філософії та соціології 107influence the agenda in Ukraine have been identified:«Ukrayinska Pravda», «Mirror of the Week. Ukraine»,«Focus», «NV», «Ukrainian Week», «Day», etc. In orderto determine the unique topics that are inherent in themedia in the construction of the agenda, the publication«Mirror of the Week. Ukraine» has been chosen. In 2019,«Mirror of the Week. Ukraine» won the championship interms of its impact on business and political leaders, thequality of analytical information and compliance withprofessional standards. This weekly publication has beenchosen for the research. The sample was formed by fourissues between the first and second rounds (from 31 Marchto 21 April) of the 2019 presidential elections. Accordingto the results of the study, it has been determined that thepolitical agenda in the media is characterized by a gradualchange of the main topics: from the results of the firstround and the chances of the victory of two candidates(P. Poroshenko and V. Zelensky) and the reasons forthe defeats of others (first of all, Y. Tymoshenko andYu. Boyko) to the identification of socially importanttopics for further political development. The medianot only cover certain events (M. Stepanov’s resignation,A. Avakov’s position, statements of Westernpartners, the case of Privatbank, etc.), but also outlinethe directions of the next President’s actions. Theagenda is formed around the following topics: securityand territorial integrity, P. Poroshenko’s mistakes(personnel ones, as well as the corruption and the failureof judicial reform), the problem of «Privatbank»,the need for reforms and specific proposals for theirimplementation in energy, road construction; landreform, labor migration and early parliamentaryelections. The uniqueness of the agenda in the media isdue to the fact that in each issue journalists and expertssystematically address the topic of social responsibility.This applies not so much to a specific electoral choice,but also to further reforms. It is the themes of socialresponsibility, social defects and pathologies, the lackof solidarity, the need to resist fakes and distinguishbetween the real and the imagined (S. Rahmanin) thatare the foundation of the media agenda. They ensureits uniqueness compared to the agenda of politicians,government officials and oligarchs.

Language mechanisms of political campaigning among the youth in the 2019 presidential election in Ukraine

This article looks into the linguistic mechanisms designed to establish communication between the presidential candidate Volodymyr Zelens’kyi and the youth in the 2019 Ukrainian election campaign. The young voters, who are less familiar with the political, economic, and social processes in the country due to their age and little life experience are at risk of falling victim to political technologists. The article examines Zelens’kyi’s political projects on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Tele-gram, and Viber channels, the Twitter page of his campaign stuff, and the personal Facebook page. Aside from technological techniques, the paper focuses on the discourse of the election campaign built by the technologists to win the favor of young voters. It examines a linguistic component of the election rhetoric of this particular political project and reconstructs the main messages addressed to the youth. A complex of special linguistic methods has been applied to the texts,e.g., content analysis, discourse analysis, and critical discourse analysis, which helps “to deci-pher” the ideological components. Successfully selected channels, practices, and methods of virtual communication, “cor-rect” messages, and manipulative methods of the language use of the election campaign waged by Zelens’kyi, e.g., the clash of two generations theme, were converted into the votes “in favour” for the previously inactive electoral group. Convergence tactics were used to adjust the language to the younger generation. These in-clude the use of vocabulary from the Internet and the latest technologies, borrowings, informal youth forms of address, slang forms, language games, graphic capabilities of electronic space, in particular hashtags, stickers, and emojis. Keywords: communication, social networking, targeting, Facebook, vulgarisms, slang.

Ukraine’s Orange Revolution and Foreign Policy of U.S.

Following the 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, people took streets in what is to be known as the Orange Revolution. The non-violent series of protests ensured fair and transparent elections and the transition of power from Leonid Kuchma to Viktor Yushchenko. The events that preceded the Orange Revolution and the protests themselves came under the international spotlight, setting an example of a nation that pursues democratic trajectory. This paper looks into the Orange Revolution with a particular emphasis on the U.S.’ relations with Ukraine throughout that period.

Порох для победы. Президентская избирательная кампания 2019 г. на Украине

The 2019 presidential election in Ukraine was marked by a record number of candidates and unprecedented diversity of political forces represented in the campaign. The election once again showed its unpredictability, and the participation of media personalities turned out to be a serious challenge for the Ukrainian authorities. The sensational vote for Volodymyr Zelensky, who received the title of Destroyer of Elites, can become a cultural phenomenon and set a significant precedent in modern Ukrainian history.

The polittechnological aspects of presidential elections in Ukraine

The polittechnological aspects of presidential elections in Ukraine

ACTUAL ISSUES OF SUBJECT JURISDICTION OF DISPUTES RELATED TO ELECTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT OF UKRAINE

The article highlights current issues related to the jurisdiction of electoral disputes during the presidential elections in Ukraine. It is noted that the definition of the court of first instance is affected by the subject composition of the dispute and its subject matter, the procedural status of the participant. The main mechanisms for protecting the rights and interests of electoral disputes are taken into account, taking into account European standards.

РОЛЬ ТА ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМКИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНТЕРНЕТ-МАРКЕТИНГУ

The author conducted a study of the role and actual functions of Internet marketing nowadays, analyzed the latest publications and studies of domestic and foreign scientists relating to Internet marketing. The definitions of Internet marketing by various scientists were considered. It was determined by the problematic that exists in the field of internet marketing at the moment. A review of modern tools we identified the main tools of Internet marketing, by which the communication occurs on the Internet: SEO (Search Engine Optimisation), search (paid) advertising, Media advertising, SMM (Social Media Marketing) social media marketing, content marketing, E-mail marketing; Hootsuit's company research analysis determined the number of Internet users and purchasing power in the online environment, which averaged 500 USD per year. The number of Internet users in the online environment averaged 500 USD per year. And also to prioritise specific types of products. We have also identified that search engines are the main source of learning new information for consumers. Having analysed the dynamics of internet penetration in Ukraine, it appears that the number of internet users increased by 8% in 2019, with 22.96 million Ukrainians using the internet at the end of 2019. The article examines the possibilities of Internet marketing tools that become available when using such a tool as web analytics, including: personalised offers to customers, building relationships with customers, after a purchase is made and increasing their retention rate. A study of advertising costs on the social network Facebook, during the presidential elections in Ukraine in 2019 and during the presidential race in the USA in 2020 was conducted. And also defined the role played by social networks in building relationships with the target audience. During the research, recommendations for the use of the main tools of Internet marketing were made and it was determined which business areas are not suitable for each of the tools. Based on the research and statistical data was predicted directions of development of Internet marketing.

Remittances, Spending, and Political Instability in Ukraine

AbstractThis paper offers an analysis of remitt ances sent by Ukrainian emigrants to their country of origin. It explores how far the expenditure on remitt ances by individual Ukrainians and the total amount of all remitt ances received from abroad has been dependent on the political situation of the Orange Revolution and Presidential Elections in Ukraine in 2004. The author then investigated what effect the political instability in Ukraine had on how households there used such remittances. She used the results of a nationally representative survey of households in Ukraine to compare individual decisions to invest money received from remittances, and how those decisions depended on individual political views and future expectations. Changes in emigrants’ expectations might increase emigrants’ willingness to offer financial support to relatives remaining in Ukraine.

Територіально-політична незрівноваженість України: іманентна неминучість чи рукотворений наслідок?

Objective evidences of geographical-political unbalance in Ukraine, which is clearly manifested in the electoral and political activity of the population and is the result primarily of historical and geographical differences and ethno-geographical regions of the state, are characterized. Twelve political and geographic areas with the characteristics of the party-political preferences and geopolitical consciousness are allocated on the basis of a comparative analysis of presidential elections in Ukraine. It is concluded that the regional mental-political differentiation does not have the character of intercivilizational contrasts. Objective historical and cultural base integrity are defined. Complications of regional-political situation in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century was not immanent conditioned and caused by subjective factors such as a lack of effective internal geopolitics during the 90s and targeted large-scale geopolitical pressure from Russia at the beginning of the XXI century. Key words: geography of elections in Ukraine, territorial-political unbalance in Ukraine, the historical-geographical background of Ukraine, ethnical-geographical situation in Ukraine, the internal geopolitics.

Аналіз використання методів ШСПГ та екзит-полу в рамках громадської моніторингової діяльності під час виборів в Україні

В статті подано визначення, основні характеристики окремих методів моніторингу виборчого процесу, а саме, методу швидкого статистичного підрахунку голосів (quick-count або ШСТГ) та методу екзит-полу. Завдяки аналізу застосування цих методів під час останніх за хронологією президентських виборів в Україні, зроблено окремі висновки.З’ясовано, що ШСПГ у порівнянні з екзит-полом має певні переваги, зокрема, високий рівень вірогідності отриманих даних, менші витрати на впровадження, отримання додаткових даних, крім даних щодо результатів голосування, більшу об’єктивність. Недоліки швидкого статистичного підрахунку голосів: результат можна отримати лише після оформлення протоколів, висока залежність від апаратного та програмного забезпечення підрахунку результатів. Як показала практика проведення ШСПГ, він є не тільки методом швидкого отримання результатів голосування для подальшого їх порівняння з офіційними результатами виборів, а ще й допомагає громадянам стежити за якістю виборчого процесу, незалежно від повідомлень офіційних владних джерел. Також це дозволяє оцінити діяльність органів та установ, відповідальних за організацію виборів під час процесу голосування, підрахунку та обробки інформації.

PECULIARITIES OF THE RATIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU-UKRAINE ASSOCIATION AGREMENT

PECULIARITIES OF THE RATIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU-UKRAINE ASSOCIATION AGREMENT

Вплив Галицького регіону на результати виборів президента України 2010 року

It was analyzed the campaign procedure of the national “presidential election in Ukraine”. The analysis of the differences of the regions under the influence of different factors was made. The features of election in 2010 was showed on the back ground of another election. It is defined the influence of Galicia regions on the results of election in 2010. Key words: presidential election, Galicia, an electoral behavior, the results of election, national democratik candidate.

The International Economic Crisis and the 2010 Presidential Elections in Ukraine

The international financial crisis of 2007–9 had a significant impact upon the context, agenda and outcome of the 2010 Ukrainian presidential elections. Among the main reasons for Viktor Yanukovych's success in winning the election were his business-friendly policies, his advocacy of stability and his pro-Russian orientation. His platform chimed with the sentiments of large numbers of voters who were taking a defensive posture in the face of a year-long recession. Yuliya Tymoshenko was treated – and punished – because as the incumbent prime minister she failed to utilize the resources available to her government, including a large IMF loan, to bring the recession to a halt and stimulate a recovery. Viktor Yushchenko was rejected by the electorate because he was increasingly regarded as a president incapable of co-operative relations either with his own government or with the Russian government. These capacities in a president were seen by the electorate as indispensable for tackling the crisis.