Presidential Chair Research Articles

Democratic Rotation, an Alternative to Power Sharing in the Democratic Republic of Congo

"In this article, we outline the history and evolution of the Congolese people from their origins to independance with the State preceding the Nation. Concerning democracy accession to legislative power after independance, there is in DRC a curious rotation of political transition beyond various regime changes and arrangements of Power sharing occurred between community groups. However, there were noises, quarrels and or violences between linguistic socio-anthropological actors on the legitimacy of power, access to the presidential chair, which gave rise to inter group conflicts till the country is divided into three community groups : the Luba community of Félix Tshisekedi from CACH-USNA at the center of power, the Swahili community of Joseph Kabila from AMP-FCC who genially handed over power but also on its periphery, and the Kongo-Ngala community of Martin Fayulu from LAMUKA to the outskirts. The concept « Majority » has cleverly been exploited by those in power in order to subjugate and or exclude their protagonists. In the context of this article, we finally propose the model of Rotary Democratic called « Inculturated Democracy » by Isidore Ndaywel in « Congolese historiography, an essay of achievement ». An alternative model to « Power sharing method » generally presented as democracy model in which the group element constitutes an important criterium of participation in term of access to political power, mainly the legislative power and its executive. Keywords : DRC - Mesoconflict - Political shift - Liberal democracy - Power sharing – Democratic rotation "

Венесуэла: тернистый путь к демократии

A recent history of the democratic process in Venezuela can be roughly divided into three main stages though admitting certain simplifications in the interest of a better visualization of the trend. The first stage is au-thoritarian, which, in fact, lasted half a century (from 1908 to 1958). During this period, the dictators Juan Vicente Gomez (1908–1935) and Marcos Perez Jimenez (1952–1958), in particular, were in power. In 1959, the process of democratization began in the country, during which the leaders of the main political parties were occupying the pres-idential chair within the terms stipulated by Constitution. This period lasted approximately 40 years. Then the «democratic curtain» over the internal political «theater» of Venezuela fell again. Amidst mass social unrest, the military came to power, though not as a result of a tradi-tional military coup but through a legal, electoral way. Regardless, as subsequent events showed, a respect for democratic values was not part of their plans. The main purpose of this article is a brief review of the periods noted above, which, in our opinion, could clearly confirm the viability of the well-known thesis: «Democracy must be able to defend itself».

Geraldine Richmond confirmed to DOE science post

Award-winning chemist Geraldine Richmond is now the head of the US Department of Energy’s science programs. The Senate confirmed her as the DOE undersecretary for science and energy on Nov. 4. The position oversees DOE research, funding for academic investigators, and the agency’s national laboratories. Richmond is the presidential chair in science and a chemistry professor at the University of Oregon . She won the Priestley Medal—the highest honor of the American Chemical Society—in 2018 for her groundbreaking work describing the molecular properties of liquid surfaces (ACS publishes C&EN). She also received the National Medal of Science in 2016 . Richmond is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and has served on the National Science Board, the governing entity of the National Science Foundation . In her new position, Richmond is in charge of the DOE’s fundamental research in basic energy sciences, biological and environmental sciences, and computational

Geraldine Richmond tapped to head US DOE science programs

Award-winning chemist Geraldine Richmond is President Joe Biden’s choice to captain the US Department of Energy’s science programs. Biden is nominating biogeochemist Asmeret Asefaw Berhe to direct the agency’s Office of Science. Richmond holds the Presidential Chair in Science and is a chemistry professor at the University of Oregon. Former president Barack Obama awarded her the National Medal of Science in 2016. She won the Priestley Medal —the highest honor of the American Chemical Society—in 2018 for her groundbreaking work elucidating the molecular properties of liquid surfaces. (ACS publishes C&EN.) She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and serves on the National Science Board , the governing board of the National Science Foundation. If confirmed by the Senate, Richmond will become the DOE undersecretary for science, overseeing research and funding academic investigators. She would control programs including fundamental research in basic energy sciences, biological and environmental sciences,

DEKRIT PRESIDEN (Studi Perbandingan Dekrit 5 Juli 1959 dengan Dekrit Presiden 23 Juli 2001)

Presidential Decree 5 July 1959 (Sukarno) was a decree issued by the President of Indonesia, Sukarno on 5 July 1959. The contents of the decree is the dissolution of the Constituent body of the 1955 election results and the replacement of the Uasar Act of 1950 to the Temporary CONSTITUTION of UUD ' 45. While the Presidential Decree of 23 July 2001 (k. h. Abdurrahman Wahid) is the presidential decree issued by President k. h. Abdurrahman Wahid, as resistance anterior to the decision I and II of the Memorandum issued by the HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES. But eventually the Decree k. h. Abdurrahman Wahid could not be accepted by the House and ended with the fall of the presidential chair k. h. Abdurrahman Wahid.

Geraldine Richmond named Priestley Medalist

In the early 1970s, Geraldine L. Richmond—then a math major—did exceptionally well on an analytical chemistry exam and was rewarded with a job offer from the professor. It was a lucky break for the chemistry enterprise. Richmond went on to develop spectroscopic and theoretical techniques for studying the molecular structure and dynamics of water-oil and water-air interfaces, which she continues to investigate as the Presidential Chair in Science and a professor of chemistry at the University of Oregon. She also became passionate about developing the chemistry workforce worldwide. To recognize “her pioneering contributions to our understanding of the molecular properties of liquid surfaces and her extraordinary service to chemistry on a global level,” Richmond will receive the Priestley Medal, the American Chemical Society’s highest honor, in 2018. “I’m honored and especially gratified to be selected for both my research achievements and my work in developing countries to increase their scientific

Broadening the Contestation of Norms in International Relations

Broadening the Contestation of Norms in International Relations

Las biografías sobre el presidente mexicano Manuel González Flores (1832-1893)

The life and administration of the president Manuel Gonzalez Flores has been barely addressed in the Mexican historiography; his four years of government have been included as part of the time called Porfiriato, in which Porfirio Diaz ruled with absolute power. This article describes four biographies of Gonzalez, inspired by his military exploits, his exercise of power and his personal profile. Two of them were written by contemporary journalists: one with the aim of glorifying his acts in front of Mexico and the other seems to discredit him because of the analysis presented here. The other two were written by the greatgrandchildren of the president in an effort to reclaim their image and highlight the reasons why in national history Manuel Gonzalez is almost unknown or identified as the person who only occupied the presidential chair to execute the will of Diaz. These lines also refer to some research prepared on the gonzalina administration in the electoral field, English debt, banking, colonization and freedom of worship, which relate with the biographies studied here.

Seeing Women Photographed in Revolutionary Mexico

Pure beholding, even if it were to penetrate to the innermost core of the Being of something present-at-hand, could never discover anything that is threatening.-Martin Heidegger, Being and TimeIn the matter of the visible, everything is a trap.-Jacques Lacan, Seminar XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of PsychoanalysisThe Mexican Revolution is associated with the names of Francisco Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata, Alvaro Obregon and Francisco Madero, and Diego Rivera and to a lesser extent Frida Kahlo. This overt domination of male figures is perhaps predictable given the historical context of the revolt and the overwhelmingly patriarchal nature of Mexican society at the time. And yet, some of the most recognizable and reprinted photos of the Mexican Revolution are photos of women. The image of two apprehensive waitresses serving breakfast to Zapatista revolutionary troops at Sanborns in 1914 (Figure 1) is as emblematic of the occupation of the capital by the peasant armies as the iconic photograph Villa and Zapata at the Presidential Chair. Hugo Brehme's Soldaderas on Top of a Train (Figure 2; Brehme's original German title reads simply Zapatista Camp on Top of a Train) and the candid figure of an Adelita hanging from a train-coach rival the iconic value of Villa's gallop in front of the camera or Zapata's grave gesture while posing with a presidential band crossing his chest, a rifle on his right arm and his left hand resting on the saber's guard. In Photography and Memory in Mexico, Andrea Noble rejects the vindication of women suggested by the popularity of these images. Visual proof that women were engaged in the revolution and they too were historical participants is instead evidence of a subtle subalternizing logic made manifest in the words also and too. Besides, Noble argues, even when women are visible, visibility is often constructed in terms of invisibility.1 Confronted with this disagreement-to use Jacques Ranciere's apposite word-Noble urges being on guard against the temptation of a merely indexical reading that would preempt and disavow the whole problem of conceiving of women as historical actors in their own right.Perhaps the lack of representation of women as historical actors is due to women (and of course there are already too many inside this signifier) having been kept in a subaltern, silenced position in an affair that was, after all, marked by the macho bravado of the refrain If they are going to kill me tomorrow, better that they kill me right away. Such an assumption cannot withstand even the most modest historical scrutiny. The mobilization of women is perhaps the most salient trait of the transformations brought about by the Mexican Revolution in the sphere of the social.2 The array of revolutionary destruction that took place primarily in the countryside uprooted provincial life, sending hundreds of thousands of women from their homes into different urban centers. In these centers they encountered a modernization that was changing the landscape of the feminine in its own way, populating the city with the unheard of figures of the chica moderna, the flapper, and the griseta.3 The photographic record testifies to this movement, and yet the force of the testimony remains suspect.Against John Mraz, for whom photographs need to be contextualized but not interpreted, Noble calls attention to the fact that the indexical evidence already poses unique interpretive challenges.4 How far should we go in our vigilant approach to the phenomenality of the image? For Noble, the criticism of evidence and indexicality remains to a large extent inside the sphere of validity of these notions. In this essay, I argue that no criticism of evidence (or derivatively truth) can be obtained without tackling in a radical way and in the same movement the spheres of history, subjectivity, and representation.I am not proposing to abandon the realm of perception or supplant the actual reading of photos with theoretical speculations. …

Seeing Women Photographed in Revolutionary Mexico

Seeing Women Photographed in Revolutionary Mexico Horacio Legrás (bio) Pure beholding, even if it were to penetrate to the innermost core of the Being of something present-at-hand, could never discover anything that is threatening. —Martin Heidegger, Being and Time In the matter of the visible, everything is a trap. —Jacques Lacan, Seminar XI: The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis The Mexican Revolution is associated with the names of Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata, Álvaro Obregón and Francisco Madero, and Diego Rivera and to a lesser extent Frida Kahlo. This overt domination of male figures is perhaps predictable given the historical context of the revolt and the overwhelmingly patriarchal nature of Mexican society at the time. And yet, some of the most recognizable and reprinted photos of the Mexican Revolution are photos of women. The image of two apprehensive waitresses serving breakfast to Zapatista revolutionary troops at Sanborns in 1914 (Figure 1) is as emblematic of the occupation of the capital by the peasant armies as the iconic photograph Villa and Zapata [End Page 3] at the Presidential Chair. Hugo Brehme’s Soldaderas on Top of a Train (Figure 2; Brehme’s original German title reads simply Zapatista Camp on Top of a Train) and the candid figure of an Adelita hanging from a train-coach rival the iconic value of Villa’s gallop in front of the camera or Zapata’s grave gesture while posing with a presidential band crossing his chest, a rifle on his right arm and his left hand resting on the saber’s guard. In Photography and Memory in Mexico, Andrea Noble rejects the vindication of women suggested by the popularity of these images. Visual proof that women were also engaged in the revolution and they too were historical participants is instead evidence of a subtle subalternizing logic made manifest in the words “also” and “too.” Besides, Noble argues, even when women are visible, visibility is often constructed in terms of invisibility.1 Confronted with this disagreement—to use Jacques Rancière’s apposite word—Noble urges being on guard against the temptation of a merely indexical reading that would preempt and disavow the whole problem of conceiving of women as historical actors in their own right. Perhaps the lack of representation of women as historical actors is due to women (and of course there are already too many inside this signifier) having been kept in a subaltern, silenced position in an affair that was, after all, marked by the macho bravado of the refrain “If they are going to kill me tomorrow, better that they kill me right away.” Such an assumption cannot withstand even the most modest historical scrutiny. The mobilization of women is perhaps the most salient trait of the transformations brought about by the Mexican Revolution in the sphere of the social.2 The array of revolutionary destruction that took place primarily in the countryside uprooted provincial life, sending hundreds of thousands of women from their homes into different urban centers. In these centers they encountered a modernization that was changing the landscape of the feminine in its own way, populating the city with the unheard of figures of the chica moderna, the flapper, and the griseta.3 The photographic record testifies to this movement, and yet the force of the testimony remains suspect. Against John Mraz, for whom photographs need to be contextualized but not interpreted, Noble calls attention to the fact that the indexical evidence already poses unique “interpretive challenges.”4 How far should we go in our vigilant approach to the phenomenality of the image? For Noble, the criticism of evidence and indexicality remains to a large extent inside the sphere of validity of these notions. In this essay, I argue that no criticism of evidence (or derivatively truth) can be obtained without tackling in a radical [End Page 4] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Zapatistas at Sanborns restaurant, December 1914. Photo by Agustín Casasola. Casasola Archive, Mexico. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. Soldaderas on top of a train. Photo by Hugo Brehme. [End Page 5] way and in the same movement the spheres of...

Food & Health of a Full Earth

DAVID TILMAN, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1995, is Regents Professor and McKnight Presidential Chair in the College of Biological Sciences and Director of the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve at the University of Minnesota. He is also a Professor at the Bren School of Environmental Science and Management at the University of California, Santa Bar bara. He is the author of Functional Consequences of Biodiversity: Empirical Prog ress and Theoretical Extensions (with Ann P. Kinzig and Stephen Pacala, 2002), Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Com munities (1988), Resource Compe tition and Com mu nity Structure (1982), and more than two hundred scienti1⁄2c papers. The world is about to be full. Within two or three generations, our global population–currently seven billion people–will level off between ten billion and eleven billion. Although humanity steadily increased in size as it spread from Africa across the habitable lands of Earth, it was not until the 1920s that this growth turned explosive. In 1850, the global population was 1.1 billion people, on a trajectory to double every one hundred 1⁄2fty years. This low growth rate held until World War I, after which the emergence of modern medicine and sanitation led to increasingly rapid annual growth rates. When this rate hit its peak in 1970, the global population was on course to double every thirty-1⁄2ve years. Now, our population growth rate–though still positive–is steadily slowing as we approach our maximum Earth density. What will life be like on a full Earth? Can we provide eleven billion people with a secure supply of nutritious foods? Is it even possible for so many people to live on Earth without destroying its remaining natural ecosystems? Agriculture already accounts for more than 25 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and occupies 55 percent of Earth’s iceand desert-free land area. Can we feed up to eleven billion people and still maintain a livable climate? Will the ethics, customs, rights, and laws established when the world had one billion or fewer people adequately guide a world that is ten times more populous? Or will new ethical principles be needed to live sustainably in this new context?

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

When Traumatic Brain Injury Is Complicated by Personality Disorders

When Traumatic Brain Injury Is Complicated by Personality Disorders

Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. * Christine L. Borgman.

Cyberinfrastructure. E-Research. Open access. Self-archiving. As scholarship becomes increasingly digital, researchers, administrators, and policy makers may feel overwhelmed by emerging methods for discovering, analyzing, disseminating, and curating scholarly information. In Scholarship in the Digital Age, Christine Borgman, who is one of the keynoters at Digital Humanities 2009 and is the Presidential Chair in Information Studies at UCLA, makes sense of transformations in research and scholarly communications by defining the core functions of scholarship, examining research practices in different disciplines, and offering a clear-eyed assessment of the obstacles and opportunities that we face in building the information infrastructure. Borgman aptly describes her book as offering an ‘integrative and interdisciplinary analysis’ and a ‘big-picture view’ of the significance of information technology for scholarship (p. xviii). Focusing more on the policy and social contexts surrounding scholarship in the digital age than the technical, Borgman examines ‘what we should be building’ and emphasizes the importance of understanding scholars’ needs (p. xvii). Although much in this book will be familiar to digital humanities scholars who have been grappling with issues, such as intellectual property, managing collaborations, and sustainability, it makes a valuable contribution by synthesizing a wide range of research, looking broadly across the disciplines, articulating key features of the information infrastructure, and offering a social perspective on scholarship.

Pedagogy for policy analysis and management

AbstractThis essay presents two pedagogical models found in public policy programs, and attends (less exhaustively) to the managerial environment in which they coexist. The models are, of course, lecturing in all its various versions, and the cluster of teaching practices called case‐method teaching, student‐centered learning, active learning, experiential learning, discussion‐based teaching, and the like. The central question addressed is: How can it be that we still don't know which is better, or which is better for what, if know means anything like what it means in the larger policy analytic paradigm? Research comparing practices can improve our choices and outcomes.12 12Thanks to myriad colleagues (especially) John Boehrer, J. Mark Schuster, Eugene Bardach, and David Kirp, plus my cohort of 2005–06 Presidential Chair Fellows and that program's very committed leader, Steve Tollefson, for discussions of pedagogy that have reminded me over the years that teaching could be an intellectually demanding, rigorous, and collaborative enterprise, and to Robert MacCoun for comments on drafts of this paper.

Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Dr. Pilitsis is a Fellow in Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, and Dr. Bakay is A. Watson Armour III and Sarah Armour Presidential Chair and Residency Research Director, Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University, Suite 970, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612; E-mail: roy_bakay_rush.edu. Dr. Pilitsis has disclosed that she is the recipient of grant/research support from Medtronic, Inc. Dr. Bakay has disclosed that he has no significant relationships with or financial interests in any commercial organizations related to this educational activity. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc., has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity. Category: Functional

Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders

Dr. Pilitsis is Assistant Professor, UMass Memorial Health Center, Worcester, Massachusetts; and Dr. Bakay is Professor and Vice Chairman, A. Watson Armour III and Sarah Armour Presidential Chair, Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Suite 970, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612; E-mail: [email protected]. The authors have disclosed that they are the recipients of past grant/research support from Medtronic but do not have a current/ongoing financial relationship with Medtronic. They also have disclosed deep brain stimulation has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, or Tourett syndrome. Lippincott CME Institute, Inc. has identified and resolved all faculty conflicts of interest regarding this educational activity.

Introduction: P. Sterling Stuckey: In Praise of an Intellectual Legacy

And, finally, need I add that I who speak here am bone of bone and flesh of flesh of them that live within Veil? W. E. B. Du Bois (February 1903) On 21-22 May 2004, dozens of scholars, colleagues, and friends from across United States gathered in Riverside, California, to honor work and intellectual legacy of P. Sterling Stuckey. The immediate occasion of conference was Stuckey's retirement from Presidential Chair and Distinguished Professor of History at University of California, Riverside. Entitled, Africans, Culture, and Intellectuals in North America: P. Sterling Stuckey and Folk, conference celebrated achievements of one of America's greatest historians. is rare indeed that scholars from a variety of fields and disciplines meet in conference to honor work of a single living colleague. In this case, conference was treated to a veritable outpouring of papers from scholars, colleagues, and former students, all of them eager to salute and discuss Professor Stuckey's influence and achievements. As participants themselves acknowledged, conference was an event as rare as it was rich in intellectual content and camaraderie. In all, thirty-five papers were presented, ranging widely over forty years of Stuckey's extraordinary career. The essays making up this special issue of The Journal of African American History consist of a selection of papers presented at conference. The focus of essays center around subject that is most frequently associated with Stuckey's innovative scholarship and legacy, namely, theme of Afrogenesis in formation of slave culture and collective agency of enslaved. (1) Publication of this Special Issue appears almost forty years since original appearance of Stuckey's path breaking essay Prism of Folklore: The Black Ethos in Slavery in Summer 1968 issue of The Massachusetts Review that struck first startling note of what was instantly recognized as a paradigm shift in reorienting contemporary understanding of slave culture. is difficult from this distance in time to appreciate or get a sense of extraordinary impact that appearance of this single essay had on scholarly profession at time. In fact, as we learned at conference, an earlier version of essay was actually written as a paper for a graduate research seminar at Northwestern University taught by Professor George Frederickson. In disclosing this bit of information at Riverside conference, Frederickson underscored achievement of published essay: It is arguably, he noted, the most historiographically important journal article on slavery ever published. More than any other work of 1960s it signaled [and] heralded paradigm shift in representation of slave experience that came to fruition in 1970s and 80s. After giving a careful review of state of historiography before and after publication of Prism of Folklore in 1968, Frederickson concluded: was first piece of authoritative historical writing to advance a new paradigm based on exposure of a semi-autonomous slave culture and community, a perspective that shifted historiographical emphasis away from victimization and toward creativity and agency. Through use of folklore--the songs and stories that have been collected and passed down--he was able to create a compelling and persuasive counter image to submissive, pathetic, and ineffectual Sambo. Instead of being stripped of cultural resources, slaves were, [Stuckey] maintained, able to draw creatively on their African heritage and adapt it [to] their current circumstances. This stereotype of hapless, helpless slave, first enshrined in historical literature by U. B. Phillips and then modernized by Stanley Elkins, had been dealt a lethal blow. …

Biography of David Tilman.

David Tilman describes himself as both a theoretical and an experimental ecologist. Currently the McKnight Presidential Chair in Ecology and Regents Professor at the University of Minnesota (St. Paul), Tilman has spent his career developing theories of biodiversity and species composition that he has tested in carefully designed and controlled experiments. His work on resource competition in both algal and grassland ecosystems has helped shape ecology into a more predictive and quantitative science. For this and numerous other contributions, Tilman was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2002. In his Inaugural Article, featured in this issue of PNAS (1), Tilman presents a new theory of species diversity and abundance within ecosystems. The theory was inspired, in part, by data he gathered over the past two decades at the Cedar Creek Natural History Area (Bethel, MN), where he currently serves as director. Through his new stochastic niche theory, Tilman offers an explanation for the patterns seen during the assembly of species into ecosystems, including what controls the number of species and their abundances, and why some ecosystems are more readily invaded by exotic species than others. The article suggests that stochastic niche theory offers a resolution to the controversy between whether it is “neutral” or “niche” processes that determine the diversity and composition of ecosystems.

The Photogrammetric Society: 1952–2001

A scholarly account of the formative discussions, the founding and the first 20 years of the Photogrammetric Society was published in 1971 and republished in 1974. This present review concentrates on the latter years of the life of the Photogrammetric Society prior to its merger with the Remote Sensing Society in 2001.The authors joined the Photogrammetric Society in 1960 and were conspicuous in its affairs for many years. Although both occupied the Society's presidential chair, they also fulfilled several other roles in its efficient management. Atkinson's first contribution to the Photogrammetric Record was published in 1968 and Newton's in 1971.