President-elect Barack Obama Research Articles

Transition as Impasse: Critical Neoliberal Realism and the Problem of Agency

Transition as Impasse:Critical Neoliberal Realism and the Problem of Agency Carolyn Veldstra (bio) Between late 2008 and early 2009, political rhetoric in the United States and the United Kingdom emphasized a new spirit of responsibility as essential for citizens concerned to ease the recessions in those countries sparked by the 2008 financial crisis. For instance, in a campaign speech on 26 April 2009, future uk Prime Minister David Cameron warned that "the age of irresponsibility is giving way to the age of austerity." The latter era would usher in what Cameron called "responsible politics" that, he specified, would entail a significant burden of "personal responsibility" for citizens. Similarly, on 8 January 2009, in his speech on the economy, then President-elect Barack Obama declared an era of "profound irresponsibility" as at the root of the financial crisis and called for "a new spirit of responsibility" from Americans. As if anticipating the political rhetoric to come, the 2008 animated summer blockbuster WALL-E—which follows an anthropomorphized trash-compacting robot tasked with cleaning up an abandoned Earth overwhelmed by garbage—depicts some futuristic remainder of the human species evacuated to giant starliners sponsored by the megacorporation Buy-N-Large. Having succumbed to the weightlessness of space, their bodies soft, obese, and confined to hovering lounge chairs, humans have become lazy, complacent, and live only to consume. [End Page 33] It is not until humans can, quite literally, stand on their own two feet and regain the value of hard work that they can reclaim Earth and begin the project of renewal. The confluence of political and pop cultural discourses highlighting responsibility speaks to a transitional moment in which the effects of the financial crisis were beginning to be felt and understood. In each case, these narratives claim a certain version of capitalism as at the root of current problems: for Cameron and Obama, the capitalism of "Wall Street wrongdoers," to use Obama's phrasing, and for Pixar, the excess of consumer capitalism, variously construed as the material waste accumulated as trash and the flabby excesses of the consuming subjects' bodies. Each discourse is an oversimplification—to say nothing of WALLE's glib fat phobia—of both the sense of crisis and the availability of transition, particularly in light of the complexity of the financial crisis that in many ways remains ongoing. In their speeches, Obama and Cameron imply hubris not only on the part of banking executives but also among the public, imprudently lured to live beyond their means by promises too good to be true. If capitalism is posed as a problem, then, it is only because we allow it to become a problem by succumbing to the dreams of ease that represent its obscene edges. In this way, each of these texts imagines responsibility as crucial to solving crisis. Individual responsibility is framed as the ground on which a transition out of crisis will be built, and, by contrast, impasse is regarded as a failure of will, giving in to the promised ease of the Buy-N-Large or the mortgage broker, without considering the deleterious effects that will almost inevitably result from such promises. It is not coincidental, then, that the future humans populating WALL-E's starliners live immobilized in self-propelled easy chairs. Transition, responsibility, these entail movement, standing up, taking action, reclaiming Earth from piles of garbage through hard work. Impasse, on the other hand, is prefigured as human stasis. But have impasse and transition remained such clear-cut antonyms in the near-decade that has passed since the onset of the financial crisis? On the one hand, as its seeming opposite, the assumed threat of impasse as stasis lends urgency to transition and justifies an insistence on taking action, staying in motion. As such, one might seek transition to avoid or escape impasse. In a moment of impasse, transition can be a dream, a horizon on which hopes can be placed or dashed, a vague future promise of an exit or escape route. On the other hand, this imagined segue into something else is mirrored by another kind of transition, a perpetual and ongoing transition in a cyclical present in which one...

Before the oath: how George W. Bush and Barack Obama managed a transfer of power

It's one of the hallmarks of American democracy: on inauguration day, the departing president heeds the will of the people and hands the keys to power to a successor. The transition from one administration to the next sounds simple, even ceremonial. But in 2009, as President George W. Bush briefed President-elect Barack Obama about the ongoing wars and plummeting economy he'd soon inherit, the Bush team revealed that they were grappling with a late-breaking threat to the presidency: U.S. intelligence sources believed that a terror group with links to Al Qaeda planned to attack the National Mall during the inaugural festivities. Although this violence never materialized, its possibility made it clear that well-laid contingency plans were essential. Political scientist Martha Joynt Kumar uncovered this secret peril while interviewing senior Bush and Obama advisers for her latest book. In Before the Oath, Kumar documents how two presidential teams - one outgoing, the other incoming - must forge trusting alliances in order to help the new president succeed in his or her first term. Kumar enjoyed unprecedented access to several incumbent and candidate transition team members, and she combines in-depth scholarship with one-on-one interviews to put readers squarely behind the scenes. Using the Bush-Obama handoff as a lens through which to examine the presidential transition process, Kumar interweaves examples from previous administrations as far back as Truman-Eisenhower. Her subjects describe in vivid detail the challenges of sowing campaign ideals across a sprawling executive branch as Congress, the media, and external events press in. Kumar's lively account of lessons learned and pitfalls encountered during past presidential transitions provides an essential road map for presidential aspirants and their advisers, as well as campaign workers, federal employees, and political appointees.

The Obamachine: Technopolitics 2.0

ABSTRACT The proliferation of online campaign content has brought an end to an era of broadcast media dominance over U.S. national politics and has resulted in the drastic reconstruction of the traditional fundraising mechanisms of American politics. Since the mid-1990s, there have been growing discussions on Internet activism and how new media has impacted participatory democracy and social justice in the United States. The increased usage of the Internet in political campaigning has also impacted some of the foundational ways that politics has historically been conducted in the United States. This article analyzes a framework posited by Andrew Chadwick, which conceptualizes the ways in which e-democracy is transformative for political engagement. Further, this article argues that during the 2008 presidential campaign, president-elect Barack Obama attained unprecedented success through the utilization of the Internet as a primary vehicle for his political campaign. Obama's innovative approach to U.S. politicking has led to one of the most transformative eras in U.S. political history and is an extraordinary example of a new, online, political machine—the Obamachine.

Google Confronts China’s “Three Warfares”

In early January 2010, Google announced that a computer attack originating from China had penetrated its corporate infrastructure (in mid-December) and stolen information from its computers, most likely source code. The hackers also accessed Gmail accounts of some human-rights activists and infiltrated networks of 33 companies. In April 2010, journalist John Markoff wrote: A person with direct knowledge of investigation now says that losses included one of Google's crown jewels, a password system that controls access by millions of users worldwide to almost all of company's Web services, including e-mail and business applications. The program, code named Gala for Greek goddess of earth, was attacked in a lightning raid taking less than two days last December, person said. (1) China's recent incursions into US military computer networks and Google's cyber systems are of concern when viewed in isolation. They reflect a more serious problem when viewed as part of a short-term goal of conducting preemptive reconnaissance that accommodates a longer-term goal of affecting US military planning or US economy. Many factors indicate that this may be China's goal. Initially, this article examines context within which Google attacks occurred and how Google's response--abandoning censorship in China--was used by Chinese to distract attention from their planned aggression. It then analyzes how a 2003 military regulation assisted China's response to Google's accusations. In short, these procedures are being used all too often by Chinese and are causing US authorities to be more and more intolerant of Chinese behavior. Why America Has Had Enough Journalist Josh Rogin recently listed ten computer incidents that are commonly known in United States through press releases and government agency briefings. All parties damaged by attacks suspect that Chinese are behind these incursions. The ten events are: * 2004: Titan Rain, Federal Bureau of Investigation name for a group of hackers from Guangdong province who stole information from US military labs, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, World Bank, and others. * 2006: A US State Department official in East Asia opens an email that allows hackers to break into computers at US embassies all over region. * 2006: US Representative Frank Wolf's office is attacked. He is an outspoken lawmaker on Chinese human-rights issues and suspects Chinese in attack. * 2006: The US Commerce Department had to discard all of its computers due to targeted attacks originating from China. * 2006: The US Naval War College took all of its computers offline after a major cyber attack in which China emerged as main culprit. * 2007: Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez finds spy software on his computer following a trade mission trip to China. * 2008: The presidential campaigns of both President-elect Barack Obama and Senator John McCain are attacked by Chinese cyber spies. * 2009: Senator Bill Nelson revealed attacks against his computer had been traced to China. * 2009: Toronto researchers find a massive cyber espionage ring using Chinese malware they call Ghostnet. The attacks penetrated 103 countries, and their origin was China. * 2009: Lockheed Martin's F-35 program is hacked and China emerges as main suspect. (2) This list obviously does not include hundreds of thousands of pings (purpose unknown) that US Web sites have received from China over years, nor does it mention other specific incidents. And then along comes Google. How Serious was Google Attack? The attack on Google occurred in December 2009. Some sources state that as many as 33 companies were victims of hack attack. (3) Alan Paller, director of well-known information security training firm known as SANS Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, indicated just how invasive attacks were, noting the odds of 25 biggest companies in California not being fully compromised by Chinese is near zero. …

Child and/or Soldier?: From Resistance Movements to Human Rights Regiments

Child and/or Soldier?From Resistance Movements to Human Rights Regiments Barbara Harlow (bio) According to most estimates from the United Nations to children's rights organizations, at least 300,000 children, perhaps as many as half a million, have been actively fighting or otherwise abetting the myriad armed conflicts around the world at the beginning of the second millennium (or twenty-first century, to sound the alarm less apocalyptically), from Myanmar/ Burma to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Palestine, Iraq, Uganda, Sierra Leone—and on and on. According to Vanessa Pupuvac, their multifaceted but structurally conjoined stories have occasioned a "universal concern for children" that is, Pupuvac claims, "viewed as transcending political and social divides and able to mobilise societies to confront social problems and their right to self determination" (2001, 95). That same humanitarian concern has also generated an academic bibliography, a literary genre even, of "child soldier narratives," that are acquiring, if not canonical status, at least consumer and curricular interest. Take, just as examples, Ahmadou Kourouma, Allah Is Not Obliged (2000, Liberia); China Keitetsi, Child Soldier: Fighting for [End Page 195] My Life (2002, Uganda); Emmanuel Dongala, Johnny Mad Dog (2002, West Africa); Senait Mehari, Heart of Fire: From Child Soldier to Soul Singer (2004, Ethiopia/Eritrea); Uzodinma Iweala, Beasts of No Nation (2005, Nigeria); Delia Jarrett-Macauley, Moses, Citizen and Me (2005, Sierra Leone); Dave Eggers, What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng (2006, Sudan/ United States); Chris Abani, Song for Night (2007, West Africa); and Joshua Dysart, Unknown Soldier (2009, Uganda). Although the outrageously popular and even literary currency of these accumulating narratives might well, as Alexandra Schultheis has noted, derive from the fact that the "terms defining the relationship between humanitarian and 'victim' depend on global structural inequalities, masked by a discourse of universalized childhood" (2008, 35), their very purveyance also traces a well-nigh paradigmatic historical trajectory of the "once upon a time" genre: once there were children, then they became soldiers, now, please, if you will, just bring back the children. But where will they go, these disarmed and conflict-scarred youth? Who would want the "memoirs of a boy soldier" on a syllabus? Or a former "boy soldier" in the neighborhood? As Vera Achvarina and Simon Reich have advised, the "increasing use of child soldiers poses a long-term threat to the health and security of societies far beyond the borders of the war-torn fragile states in which these civil and ethnic conflicts take place" (2006, 130). Ninety miles from the continental United States, one of those child soldiers sits in prison in Guantánamo Bay. Just over a week before his inauguration on January 20, 2009, five prominent human rights organizations wrote to then president-elect Barack Obama regarding the immanent military trial of Guantánamo detainee Omar Khadr. "Dear President-elect Obama," wrote the American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Human Rights First, and Human Rights Watch, We write to you regarding Omar Khadr, the 22-year-old Canadian national slated to be tried by military commission at Guantánamo for crimes allegedly [End Page 196] committed when he was aged 15. If the trial, now scheduled for January 26, 2009, is allowed to go forward, Omar Khadr, as noted by the letterwriter and the detainee's advocates, will become the first person in recent years to be tried by any western nation for war crimes committed as a child. Newly inaugurated President Obama did indeed, on his first full day in office, suspend Khadr's military trial—along with the pending hearings of twenty other Guantánamo detainees—for 120 days, in order, or so it was said by administration spokespeople, to "review the process." Omar, gently dubbed "Guantanamo's child" by Canadian journalist Michelle Shephard (2008), was captured by U.S. forces in Afghanistan on July 27, 2002—the sole, if seriously injured, survivor from inside a house of alleged al-Qaeda militants following a firefight that left one U.S. soldier dead as well. Whether Omar Khadr was responsible for the death of Sergeant First Class Christopher Speer, an allegation that remains still...

Foreign policy fusion: Liberal interventionists, conservative nationalists and neoconservatives — the new alliance dominating the US foreign policy establishment

Several tendencies in US foreign policy politics generated a new foreign policy consensus set to outlast the Bush administration. Three developments are analysed: increasing influence of conservative organizations – such as the Heritage Foundation, and of neoconservatism; and, particularly, democratic peace theory-inspired liberal interventionism. 9-11 fused those three developments, though each tendency retained its ‘sphere of action’: Right and Left appear to have forged an historically effective ideology of global intervention, an enduring new configuration of power. This paper analyses a key liberal interventionists' initiative – the Princeton Project on National Security – that sits at the heart of thinking among centrists, liberal and conservative alike. This paper also assesses the efficacy of the new consensus by exploring the foreign policy positions and advisers of President-elect Barack Obama and his defeated Republican rival, Senator John McCain, concluding that the new president is unlikely significantly to change US foreign policy.

A quick round up of news And inform Ation from our community

A quick round up of news And inform Ation from our community

Disagreements Over Federal Investment Could Be Obstacle to Health Reform

Disagreements Over Federal Investment Could Be Obstacle to Health Reform

Health Care Reform — Why So Much Talk and So Little Action?

As promised during his campaign, and under pressure from many quarters, President-elect Barack Obama may seek badly needed changes in the way the United States finances and delivers health care. Responding to public interest and perceived need, several previous presidents have attempted to enact some kind of national health insurance: Harry Truman in the 1940s, Richard Nixon in the 1970s, and most recently Bill Clinton in the 1990s. These attempts went nowhere. In pursuing comprehensive health care reform, President-elect Obama should be aware of four major reasons why, in the past, we heard so much talk and saw so little . . .

DOE WEAPONS LABS AT A CROSSROAD

WHEN PRESIDENT-ELECT Barack Obama takes office next week, scientists at the U.S. weapons complex, military officials, members of Congress, and arms control experts will watch anxiously to see what he will do about nuclear weapons. His presidency comes at a time when the Department of Energy’s nuclear weapons complex is undergoing a difficult reexamination. Decisionmakers are split over what exactly the future of the weapons complex should be, but they all see a tipping point ahead. They are gearing up for a major debate on nuclear weapons and what shape a modernized nuclear weapons science and manufacturing complex should take. Much is at stake, including the future of some 37,000 weapons staff, 15,000 of them employed at three national labs. “I am worried,” George H. Miller, director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), told several hundred participants at a symposium on the future of the complex, which was organized by the newsletter publisher ExchangeMonitor ...

OBAMA NAMES SCIENCE ADVISERS

PRESIDENT-ELECT Barack Obama has tapped four prominent scientists to serve in key science positions in his Administration. Topping this list is John P. Holdren, a Harvard University professor who is an expert in energy and climate change, who will serve as Obama’s science adviser. Obama also announced that Jane Lubchenco, professor of zoology at Oregon State University, will lead the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, an agency heavily involved in climate-change research. And he selected Harold E. Varmus, president of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Eric S. Lander, founding director of the Broad Institute, to cochair along with Holdren the President’s Council of Advisors on Science & Technology (PCAST). The newly named science team shows the incoming president’s commitment to science and his continued effort to build an inner circle of senior officials poised to address climate change, observers say. Other members of his science team include energy secretary nominee Steven Chu and ...

STEVEN CHU TO LEAD ENERGY DEPARTMENT

STEVEN CHU, President-Elect Barack Obama’s choice for energy secretary, has a crystal clear stance on climate change: It’s a big problem that needs to be addressed now. This sentiment, which he has...

Holdren Named Science Adviser, Varmus, Lander to Co-Chair PCAST

President-elect Barack Obama has picked Harvard physicist John Holdren to be his science adviser and biomedical heavyweights Harold Varmus and Eric Lander to be the two outside co-chairs of the President9s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.

Health Reform: A Bipartisan View

This optimistic assessment of the prospects for health reform from senior Democratic and Republican congressmen spells out several reasons why reform can be achieved early in the first year of the Obama administration. Political and policy factors suggest that President-elect Barack Obama is in a much better position than his predecessors to achieve comprehensive health reform, including universal coverage. The Obama administration will have to overcome numerous obstacles and resistance to enact reform. Still, after decades of frustration and disappointment, policymakers should set aside their differences and enable the United States to join the ranks of developed nations by making sure every American has health insurance.

Global Health For A Globally Minded President

President-elect Barack Obama can build on historic initiatives championed by his predecessor in global AIDS and malaria. These should serve as the platform for a more comprehensive and evidence-based set of activities aimed at addressing the major causes of ill health and instability in low-income countries. Obama should launch a new Global Family Health Action Plan aimed at saving the lives of six million children and women annually in impoverished nations. Existing policies driven by U.S. domestic ideological battles, particularly those relating to sexual and reproductive health, should be revised and brought into line with solid science and evidence from the field.

Barack Obama and the Arab-Israeli Conflict

This section is intended to give readers an overview of President-elect Barack Obama's positions on the Middle East peace process as he begins his tenure. The baseline for gauging Obama's views may be his failed 2000 race for Congress. At that time he made statements viewed as pro-Palestinian because they urged the United States to take an ““even-handed approach”” toward Israeli-Palestinian peace-making. As an Illinois state senator, Obama had cultivated ties with Chicago's Arab American community, which was partly concentrated in his state senate district. He won a U.S. Senate seat in 2004 with significant support from Chicago's Lakeside liberals, who included leading Chicago Jewish Democrats. His position on the Arab-Israeli conflict remained an issue during the 2008 presidential race, however, and Obama made a point of laying out his positions at several points during the campaign, in contrast to his Republican challenger Sen. John McCain, who did not detail his positions.

LBNL director Chu to head DOE

Physicists reacted with elation to President-elect Barack Obama’s selection of Steven Chu to be secretary of the Department of Energy. If confirmed by the Senate, Chu, a Nobel laureate physicist and director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory since 2004, will become the first working research scientist to head DOE since the agency’s inception in 1977.Chu, a staunch supporter of renewable energy and a forceful advocate of urgent actions to curb global warming, shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics for developing methods that use lasers to cool and trap atoms. At LBNL, he has built up the lab’s portfolio of R&D in carbon-neutral alternative-energy and energy-saving technologies. With other national laboratories and universities in the San Francisco Bay area, Chu, 60, organized the Joint BioEnergy Institute, one of three DOE-funded centers that are conducting basic research to lower the cost of producing ethanol and other renewable fuels from a variety of biomass. He also was instrumental in bringing together the University of California, Berkeley; LBNL; and the University of Illinois into a BP-funded collaboration known as the Energy Biosciences Institute.Speaking at a 15 December press conference at which Obama announced his nomination, Chu said he believes “the US and the world can and will prevail over our economic, energy security, and climate change challenges.” Obama said Chu has been “working at the cutting edge of our nation’s effort to develop new forms of energy,” noting that “the scientists at our national labs will have a distinguished peer at the helm.” Obama added that his selection of Chu “should send a signal that my administration will value science, we will make decisions based on the facts, and we understand that the facts demand bold action.”“My reaction is hooray,” said Nobelist Burton Richter, retired director of SLAC. “He’s a great scientist and a very good administrator,” he said, adding that from Chu’s interactions with Silicon Valley businesses, he also has a good understanding of how industry works.“It’s the finest appointment to that position that has ever been made,” said Richard Muller, a physics professor at UCB and author of Physics for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines (Norton, 2008). “He has the management experience, the political finesse, and solid scientific credentials.” Under Chu, said Muller, LBNL has developed “the most diverse set of energy and environmental research projects in the US.”“He’s a wonderful scientist and is passionate about energy,” said Mildred Dresselhaus, institute professor at MIT and a former director of DOE’s Office of Science. “We will need some national and world leadership on energy. A few individuals can make a big difference there.”All three applauded Obama’s selection of a scientist for a post that has typically gone to individuals with little or no background in physical sciences. Previous secretaries have included an economist, lawyers, former members of Congress, a retired admiral, and a dentist. An exception is the outgoing secretary, Samuel Bodman, who holds a doctorate in chemical engineering. Chu will vault from managing a lab with a budget of around $600 million and 4000 staff to an agency with annual expenditures of more than $23 billion and more than 100 000 federal and contractor employees. About two-thirds of the department’s budget goes for nuclear weapons maintenance, environmental cleanup of cold war–era weapons production, and disposing of spent nuclear fuel from the nation’s commercial nuclear industry.“I hope he will have some time left over for science,” cautioned Richter, who said DOE lab managers are hopeful that Chu may “rein in the bureaucracy overload” at the department and restore a partnering relationship that Richter said once existed between the agency and the labs. Today’s relationship is more arms-length; DOE treats the labs as it might if it was making a purchase from a supplier. “That’s not healthy,” he said.The selection of Chu is in line with Obama’s campaign promises to spend $150 billion over 10 years on clean energy R&D and to increase the amount of energy from renewable sources to 10% of total US energy supplies by 2012 and 25% by 2025. As a member of the National Research Council committee that wrote the 2006 Gathering Storm report, Chu has emphasized the report’s call for the creation of an “advanced research projects agency-energy” office within DOE. ARPA-E would fund high-risk projects that could lead to new clean energy technologies and big gains in energy efficiency (see Physics Today, June 2006, page 27).Obama also named former Environmental Protection Agency administrator Carol Browner to a new White House post that will coordinate energy and climate change policy throughout the federal government.ChuPPT|High resolution© 2009 American Institute of Physics.

Think Ahead to Red Penciling

There is something devilishly delightful about using a red pencil to slash through errata, bad grammar, or puffed-up sentences. So, when President-elect Barack Obama talks about going through the federal budget line-by-line to eliminate what's not working, I get inspired to think about what one could do to the federal budget for education. I know we are in an era of thinking ahead and being positive, but the temptation is too great. Almost immediately, however, one runs into a couple of dilemmas. Education programs, first of all, are particularly difficult to label as working or not working, due not only to the great diversity of needs and situations across the education spectrum but also to a weak tradition of using research. Consider the federal What Works Clearinghouse's attempt to impose strict evidence criteria on programs. The process has yielded so few candidates that Clearinghouse developers are changing names and procedures to try to make it more useful. On the other hand, when the evaluation criteria are so loose, the term successful has no meaning. Look at the highly qualified teacher/principal supports under Title II, Part A of the No Child Left Behind Act that is giving states almost $3 billion this year to provide grants for professional development and other activities. In the first place, the feds don't have a clear picture of how states are spending this money. The U.S. Department of Education web site says only 18 states submitted the required reports on this program, and a spot check shows that most are out of compliance in several features. However, the federal summary says professional development funding is doing what it is supposed to because more than 90% of teachers have participated in full-day workshops or after-school professional development. Some of these experiences undoubtedly were useful. Yet, most studies of professional development tell us that programs are embedded in everyday classroom practice, often through collaborative learning communities, and that workshops and after-school events aren't the best way to improve instruction. Another problem with deciding what isn't working in federal education funding is that often the program is the ultimate product of a flawed policy and wouldn't work well no matter how good the design. In a sense, this is the problem with a traditional view of professional development. The billions of dollars spent on Title II over the past six years ignores the research and common sense that is moving policy and practice toward improving quality rather than teachers. What is needed are high-quality management practices and supports for ordinary teachers. That means professional development for the system, such as good induction programs, challenging curriculum standards, ongoing mentoring, and the creation of collaborative responsibility for all students. Not your one-off solution. Diverting federal funding to bad solutions certainly was evident in the Reading First controversy. Every time in my memory that the federal government has entered into direct support for a curriculum, it has encountered political problems. No matter how beneficial the intervention may be--and for school systems that lacked a cohesive approach to teaching reading, Reading First was an improvement--it's going to get into hot water with politicians. …

President-elect Barack Obama's nominations of a number of individuals to cabinet-level positions relevant to science and technology

President-elect Barack Obama's nominations of a number of individuals to cabinet-level positions relevant to science and technology President-elect Barack Obama's nominations of a number of individuals to cabinet-level positions relevant to science and technology

Ambitious Health Reform Plans Take Shape in Senate

Ambitious Health Reform Plans Take Shape in Senate