Preservation Of Norms Research Articles

Внешние влияния на социальные процессы в чеченском обществе второй половины XIX века

Introduction. The article examines and analyzes the influence of external aspects on the development of social processes in Chechen society in the second half of the 19th century. According to the author, the main and leading role in the galvanization of the changes that took place in Chechen societies was played by the Russian Empire, which, having come to the North Caucasus and offered the local peoples its own development paradigm, contributed to the acceleration of intra-system transformations that had roots in the distant past. The traditional patriarchal way of life began to be tested due to the impact of socio-cultural and socio-economic innovations associated with the capitalist relations introduced in the region. Materials and Methods. The study is based on an analytical comprehension of the works of famous domestic historians of the Caucasus, ethnographers and political economists devoted to the socio-political conditions of the development of the North Caucasus in the 17th – second half of the 19th centuries and was based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and reliability. The appeal to the scientific work of specific researchers was determined by both the depth and comprehensiveness of their penetration into the essence of the problem under consideration, the integral and panoramic vision of the historical processes under study, and, in part, by the proximity of their ethno-national origin to the ethno-cultural world of the Chechen people. Analysis. According to M.A. Mamakaev’s point of view, the role that the taip played in Chechen societies for a long historical time is beyond doubt. This consanguineous structure had great plasticity and was able to effectively respond to the demands of local societies, to respond to internal and external challenges. Based on the opinions shared by M.O. Kosvena, K.S. A.-K. Kokurkhaeva, A.I. Robakidze and R.L. Kharadze, the author came to the conclusion that the strength of the taip organization of the social life of the mountain Chechens was due to the age-old experience of the struggle for survival. It forced them to adhere to intra-ethnic solidarity, which to a large extent leveled the social class stratification inevitable in new historical circumstances. It is the external factor (Russia) that seems to have contributed to the preservation of traditional patriarchal norms for regulating life among the Chechens. Results. With account of the results of the study and V.I. Lenin’s point of view on the unfolding socio-economic processes in the region after the arrival of Russia, along with which the meanings and practices of capitalism began to penetrate the North Caucasus, it canbe stated that the traditional socio-cultural and economic structure of local life underwent a significant reformatting and was tied to the same processes that took place within the Russian Empire itself. They largely contributed to the pace and depth of renovationism after the elimination of competition from the mountain statehood – the imamate.

Effects of experiential training for the preservation of iconic traits aboutpsychosocial norms: Quasi-experimental design

Effects of experiential training for the preservation of iconic traits aboutpsychosocial norms: Quasi-experimental design

Passive Cyber Defense as a Norm Preservation Tool: Romania’s Behaviour as a Norm Antipreneur in Cybersecurity

Passive Cyber Defense as a Norm Preservation Tool: Romania’s Behaviour as a Norm Antipreneur in Cybersecurity

THE BOUNDARIES OF SCIENCE

This paper delves into the intrinsic boundaries and limitations of the scientific method and its applications from an ontological, epistemic and moral perspective. It poses essential questions surrounding underlying presuppositions, basal unobservability and impracticality in science while aiming to be cognizant of the intricacies and subtleties that one encounters while asking questions that are elementary in nature. It seeks to give insight about the use of epistemic tools in science following which the applications of the scientific method are examined in purely human and moral domains. The latter part of the paper examines systemic issues that may inhibit the preservation of the Mertonian norms, intellectual honesty andhumility and scientific progress. The goal of the paper is to marry both philosophical and technical concerns surrounding the scientific method and to promote a newly emancipated science that is free from all intellectual dishonesty and needless conviction while maintaining a keen awareness of its own intrinsic limitations and presuppositions.

Extensions of positive symmetric operators and Krein's uniqueness criteria

We revise Krein's extension theory of positive symmetric operators. Our approach using factorization through an auxiliary Hilbert space has several advantages: it can be applied to non-densely defined transformations and it works in both real and complex spaces. As an application of the results and the construction we consider positive self-adjoint extensions of the modulus square operator T ∗ T of a densely defined linear transformation T and bounded self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator. Krein's results on the uniqueness of positive (respectively, norm preserving) self-adjoint extensions are also revised.

‘This is the end of the road for science’: The mad doctor in Cold War horror comics

This article concerns the representation of scientists, doctors and other agents of reason in Cold War horror comics. Such figures, we demonstrate, are typically represented as misguided, blind to the dangers of their creations or knowingly malevolent. The manifestation of this trend in the 1950s can be understood as a facet of the larger programme of post-Second World War social criticism found in the genre. When horror comics returned after the revision of the Code in 1971, some aligned with the anti-psychiatry movement. These comics portray scenarios in which the discovery of things man was not meant to know extends beyond weapons of war to the human psyche and where psychology as a discipline serves as a repressive apparatus interested primarily in the preservation of social norms rather than the emotional health of patients.

Marriage patterns and the gender gap in labor force participation: Evidence from Italy

The Italian rate of gender participation gap, defined as the differential between female and male rates of labor force participation, was 18.2% in 2020, the second highest among EU countries. In this paper, we present evidence highlighting a new possible determinant of this unbalance in the labor force: endogamy intensity. We define endogamy as “marriage within the community”, and we argue that it helps preserve and reinforce social norms stigmatizing working women, along with reducing the probability of divorce, which in turn disincentivizes women's participation in the labor force. We proxy the endogamy rate of a community by the degree of concentration of its surnames’ distribution, and we provide evidence that a more intense custom of endogamy contributed to enlarging gender participation gaps across Italian municipalities in 2001. In order to deal with endogeneity issues, we make use of an instrumental variable strategy, by instrumenting the endogamy measure of a municipality by the degree of ruggedness of its territory: the asperity of a municipality's surface indeed contributes to its geographical isolation, thus incentivizing in- marriage. In our main 2SLS result, a standard deviation increase in our proxy of endogamy is linked to roughly a 0.3 standard deviation increase in the gender participation gap of 2001. In addition, we provide evidence supporting our main hypothesis, documenting how higher rates of in-marriage are linked to the preservation of social norms and to greater marriage stability, with a lower probability of divorce.

Some recent results for SU(3) and octonions within the geometric algebra approach to the fundamental forces of nature

Different ways of representing the group within a Geometric Algebra approach are explored. As part of this, we consider characteristic multivectors for and how these are linked with decomposition of generators into commuting bivectors. The setting for this work is within a 6d Euclidean Clifford Algebra. We then go on to consider whether the fundamental forces of particle physics might arise from symmetry considerations in just the 4d geometric algebra of spacetime—the STA. As part of this, a representation of is found wholly within the STA, involving preservation of a bivector norm. We also show how Octonions can be fully represented within the Spacetime Algebra, which we believe will be useful in making them understandable and accessible to a new community in Physics and Engineering. The two strands of the paper are drawn together in showing how preserving the octonion norm is the same as preserving the timelike part of the Dirac current of a particle. This suggests a new model for the symmetries preserved in particle physics. Following on from work by Günaydin and Gürsey on the link between quarks, and octonions, and by Furey on chains of octonionic multiplications, we show how both of these fit well within our scheme and give some wholly STA versions of the operations involved, which in the cases considered have easily understandable equivalents in terms of 4d geometry. Links with larger groups containing , such as and , are also considered.

Spatial concentration and the social distance of migrants: Evidence from Shanghai

This paper examines whether the spatial concentration of migrants from the same province of origin (native-place in-group members) is associated with a greater degree of social distance from the native residents in Shanghai. Applying spatial clustering analysis to government population registration data, we first define spatial concentration as a high representation of native-place in-group members in a series of adjacent neighborhoods. Combining individual information with household survey data from the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey, we link respondents with population registration data using information on the geographic location of each respondent and distinguish migrants living in spatially clustered communities from their counterparts living elsewhere. This study has two main findings. First, the spatial concentration of in-group members reinforces group identity. Second, migrants living in in-group-clustered communities tend to have a larger social distance from the native residents. We argue that this increased social distance can be explained by the residential segregation created by the spatial concentration of in-group members. We further classify in-group-concentrated communities into segregated and non-segregated communities. Compared with migrants living in non-segregated communities, only those living in segregated communities have a larger social distance from native residents. This finding is only applied to the sample of urban communities. We suspect that the spatial concentration of in-group members leads to greater preservation of the social norms and culture of migrants.

On the Effect of Reciprocal Dyadic Relations on the Share of Lexical Practices

Abstract Variationist studies have shown the implication of tie properties in the emergence and preservation of linguistic norms. This contribution deepens the understanding of this mechanism at the dyadic level. It explores relational subjectivity and relativity among individuals of a community and their implications in the distribution of lexical variants. The aim is to understand how the reciprocity of a relation influences the share of lexical practices. To do so, we analyze the network of discussions of bachelor's degree students of the University of Geneva and their lexical practices. Using the modern methods used in social network analysis to study relational properties and by running multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MRQAP), reciprocal interactions are found to lead to a higher lexical share and similarity.

A Mathematical Scheme Defined On Strictly Rectangular Complex Matrix Spaces Involving Frobenius Norm Preservation under the Possibility of Matrix Rank Readjustment and Internal Redistribution of Variance using Spacer Component Matrices and a Completely Positive Trace Preserving Transformation

A Mathematical Scheme Defined On Strictly Rectangular Complex Matrix Spaces Involving Frobenius Norm Preservation under the Possibility of Matrix Rank Readjustment and Internal Redistribution of Variance using Spacer Component Matrices and a Completely Positive Trace Preserving Transformation

Heterogeneous sets in dimensionality reduction and ensemble learning

We present a general framework for dealing with set heterogeneity in data and learning problems, which is able to exploit low complexity components. The main ingredients are (i) A definition of complexity for elements of a convex union that takes into account the complexities of their individual composition – this is used to cover the heterogeneous convex union; and (ii) Upper bounds on the complexities of restricted subsets. We demonstrate this approach in two different application areas, highlighting their conceptual connection. (1) In random projection based dimensionality reduction, we obtain improved bounds on the uniform preservation of Euclidean norms and distances when low complexity components are present in the union. (2) In statistical learning, our generalisation bounds justify heterogeneous ensemble learning methods that were incompletely understood before. We exemplify empirical results with boosting type random subspace and random projection ensembles that implement our bounds.

Norm Preservation View in The Director Labor Market

Extant research on independent director careers argues that CEOs favor independent directors with social ties. This study departs from the corporate elite view of board studies, which asserts that all social relationships between the CEO and director will be mutually beneficial. This study addresses a critical construct coined as “norm preservation,” which suggests that the norm of social experiences between individuals preserve over time. In a norm preservation view, the critical question is, “what is the consequence of the former conforming or conflicting functional norms between the CEO and director to the director’s tenure?” To test this idea, we collect a sample of 431 S&P 1000 firms with an independent director-firm-year of 37,056 observations between 2003 and 2012. Using conditional fixed-effects logistic estimation and Cox survival model, we find that the former team-based professional norm between the independent director and CEO is critical in the independent director’s tenure.

Memory, Trauma, and Religious Identity

The so-called ‘memorial turn’ triggered a huge shift in historical studies of the late 20th century. It brought into focus stories of the ‘small people’ previously left out from the ‘grand narrative.’ For post-Soviet countries, the memorial turn can be perceived as an indicator of changes in society associated with the opportunity and interest of previously oppressed social groups and religious movements in finding their "roots," when the reconstruction of personal history becomes the history of the church and strengthens collective identity. In this essay, we attempted at reconstructing the traumatic history of the "little" people in the context of the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Our main source was Pavlo Derevinsky's memoir treatise, where he gave an account of his father's life and of the persecutions he experienced. The author of the treatise goes beyond the narration of the story of one person and appeals to the idea of a common past, creates important prerequisites for strengthening collective identity. The memoirs, too, provide an opportunity to look differently at the problem of religious and collective identity, often viewed, as limited to the preservation of traditions, religious symbolism, dogma, norms, or teachings. The memoirs, however, became an important tool for creating a collective identity based on a common traumatic story, which, due to the author's constant parallels between the past and the present, created a special feeling of community. Thus, belonging to common history, gives, too, an awareness of belonging to a certain group, nation, and country.

Relationship of conditional and unconditional in the characteristic of law in Eastern legal cultures

The article deals with the problem of the relationship between the unconditional and conditional in the characteristics of the law of Eastern societies. It is proved that its solution contributes to understanding the features that unite Eastern legal cultures, despite the uniqueness of their domi-nant spirituality, mental ideas and values. In addition, it is proved that the peculiarities of the re-lationship between conditional and unconditional in the nature of law in Eastern legal cultures explain why in modern conditions this right is able to exist and function in conditions of, on the one hand, the preservation of traditional values and norms, on the other hand, the renewal of the system of legal law and the reception of individual samples of Western legal culture

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ АУДИТ МЕЖКОНФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ

The relevance of this study lies in the study of social patterns in the development of relations between confessional communities, the forms of manifestation of these patterns associated with the assimilation, preservation and dissemination of religious ideas, ideas, norms and values. The theoretical value of the article lies in the fact that it actualizes the issues of confessional and interfaith relations in the post-Soviet period, the problems of the development of Orthodox culture and philosophical religious thought as a basis for a deeper spread of Christian social teaching in Russia. The paper defines the role of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of its depopularization, considers a number of reasons for the decline in the number of believers and the decline in the popularity of the ROC in general and among young people in particular: bureaucratization, theocracy – the merger of the state and the church, the passive policy of the church in matters of popularizing Orthodoxy. The main attention is paid to the need to create a social concept of the Russian Orthodox Church as the main basic position on the relationship between church, state and society. The article highlights the views of Russian and foreign writers, theologians and philosophers I. Ilyin, P. Chaadaev, A. de Kustin, F. Dostoevsky, A. Solzhenitsyn, M. Marle, H. Kung, on the problems of church totalitarianism and "clerical aristocracy", issues of influence and mutual influence of various currents of Christianity on the formation of national character, moral-moral and spiritual values of a person, history of difficult relations between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Soviet power. The value of the article lies in the fact that it raises practical issues of rapprochement of Christian confessions (ecumenism) in the field of interfaith relations, the need for such unity not to the detriment of the confessional, regional national specificity of Christianity, it notes a global trend towards a decrease in the role of religious institutions in the minds of people and the life of society – secularization and its causes: globalization, urbanization, the development of science and education, the development of material values and technological progress

Revisiting Orthogonality Regularization: A Study for Convolutional Neural Networks in Image Classification

Recent research in deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) faces the challenges of vanishing/exploding gradient issues, training instability, and feature redundancy. Orthogonality Regularization (OR), which introduces a penalty function considering the orthogonality of neural networks, could be a remedy to these challenges but is surprisingly not popular in the literature. This work revisits the OR approaches and empirically answer the question: <i>Even when comparing various regularizations like weight decay and spectral norm regularization, which is the most powerful OR technique?</i> We begin by introducing the improvements of various regularization techniques, specifically focusing on OR approaches over a variety of architectures. After that, we disentangle the benefits of OR in the comparison of other regularization approaches with a connection on how they affect norm preservation effects and feature redundancy in the forward and backward propagation. Our investigations show that Kernel Orthogonality Regularization (KOR) approaches, which directly penalize the orthogonality of convolutional kernel matrices, consistently outperform other techniques. We propose a simple KOR method considering both row- and column- orthogonality, of which empirical performance is the most effective in mitigating the aforementioned challenges. We further discuss several circumstances in the recent CNN models on various benchmark datasets, wherein KOR gains more effectiveness.

Hagedorn wavepackets and Schrödinger equation with time-dependent, homogeneous magnetic field

Certain generalized coherent states, so-called Hagedorn wavepackets, have been used to numerically solve the standard Schrödinger equation. We extend this approach and its recent enhancements to the magnetic Schrödinger equation for a time-dependent, spatially homogeneous magnetic field. We explain why Hagedorn wavepackets are naturally compatible with the aforementioned physical system. In numerical experiments we examine the order of convergence and the preservation of norm and energy. We use this method to simulate a Penning trap as proposed in recent work on quantum computing.

Субкультура засуджених як вид кримінальної субкультури: культурно-історичний аспект

The purpose of the article is to distinguish the subculture of convicts and criminal subcultures as a known concept Methodology. The basis of this study is a theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization of available scientific literature on the subject. Results. The theoretical analysis of scientific works on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach helped to distinguish the subculture of convicts and the criminal subculture in the context of their manifestations in the public consciousness. It is determined that the subculture of convicts develops on the basis of the criminal subculture, which performs a regulatory function in relation to convicts. The criteria of delimitation of subcultures are singled out, which gives each of them a separate place in the general continuum and concerns: attitude to social and legislative norms, places of formation and forms of manifestation, peculiarities of communication and self-presentations. It is proved that a clear distinction between the convicted subculture and the criminal subculture will provide a basis for the rehabilitation of convicts and the effectiveness of the penitentiary service in prison conditions. It was established that the subculture of convicts is a structural element of the criminal subculture with its own system of norms, values, traditions, customs that regulate the behavior of convicts in the informal structure of penitentiaries. Its emergence and existence in places of imprisonment causes a compensatory psychological reaction with a forced desire to adapt, ensure their safety, assert themselves in a community of their own kind, where inevitably formed a system of values, concepts, customs, regulating relations between individuals isolated from society. Practical implications. The subculture of convicts is created and manifested in places of imprisonment, is characterized by the preservation of norms, values, traditions, customs of the criminal subculture, provides for the formation of adaptive mechanisms for places of imprisonment with subsequent inclusion in the rehabilitation process. Value (originality). The clarity of the distinction between the subculture of convicts and the criminal subculture will create the basis for the deployment of prison rehabilitation processes and increase the efficiency of the penitentiary service. Key words: subculture (criminal, prison, convicts), penitentiary institutions, norms of behavior regulation.

African Leadership Wisdom and Experience: Lessons for Church Leaders in South Africa

Christian research projects in Africa have been marred by a notorious and almost deliberate intent of seeking to establish alternative protocols that posit nothing less than the introduction of new objects of knowledge and new theoretical models that seek to upset or at the very least undermine the prevailing paradigmatic indigenous norms. In this article, the authors seek to demystify the complexities of “indigeneity” and “autochthony”, and shed some light on how they impact the preservation of indigenous knowledge, values and norms. The indispensable social values which are deeply rooted in the African tradition, ubuntu and oral tradition are explored to suggest lessons from which church leaders can draw. This, the authors realise through a carefully structured literature review of selected sources. Following the reviewed literature, the authors must align themselves with the sentiments that, if the church in Africa wishes to enjoy relevance and acceptance, it has to approach African problems from an African perspective, liberate itself from the western ‘garbs’ or ‘robes’, and cease viewing everything African as pagan and devilish. Christianity, the authors contend, has a lot to learn, by accessing indigenous knowledge resources from the African people’s culture and oral tradition.