Preservation Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Multifractal Analysis of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index in Serbia in the Context of Climate Change

A better understanding of climate change impact on dry/wet conditions is crucial for agricultural planning and the use of renewable energy, in terms of sustainable development and preservation of natural resources for future generations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of climate change on temporal fluctuations of dry/wet conditions in Serbia on multiple temporal scales through multifractal analysis of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). We used the well-known method of multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), which is suitable for the analysis of scaling properties of nonstationary temporal series. The complexity of the underlying stochastic process was evaluated through the parameters of the multifractal spectrum: position of maximum α0 (persistence), spectrum width W (degree of multifractality) and skew parameter r dominance of large/small fluctuations). MFDFA was applied on SPEI time series for the accumulation time scale of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months that were calculated using the high-resolution meteorological gridded dataset E-OBS for the period from 1961 to 2020. The impact of climate change was investigated by comparing two standard climatic periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020). We found that all the SPEI series show multifractal properties with the dominant contribution of small fluctuations. The short and medium dry/wet conditions described by SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-6 are persistent (0.5<α0<1); stronger persistence is found at higher accumulation time scales, while the SPEI-12 time series is antipersistent (0<α0−1<0.5). The degree of multifractality increases from SPEI-1 to SPEI-6 and decreases for SPEI-12. In the second period, the SPEI-1, SPEI-3, and SPEI-6 series become more persistent with weaker multifractality, indicating that short and medium dry/wet conditions (which are related to soil moisture and crop stress) become easier to predict, while SPEI-12 changed toward a more random regime and stronger multifractality in the eastern and central parts of the country, indicating that long-term dry/wet conditions (related to streamflow, reservoir levels, and groundwater levels) become more difficult for modeling and prediction. These results indicate that the complexity of dry/wet conditions, in this case described by the multifractal properties of the SPEI temporal series, is affected by climate change.

Impact of green trade on green growth in Malaysia: A dynamic ARDL simulation

Green economic growth emphasizes developing an economy that safeguards natural resources, enhances resource capabilities, and promotes sustainable resource utilization. This approach is vital for balancing economic development with environmental preservation, highlighting the efficient and sustainable use of renewable and non-renewable resources to maintain a clean environment and societal well-being. It also stresses the long-term preservation of natural resources for green growth and prosperity. Environmental sustainability is key for economic growth, as poor sustainability can lead to economic decline due to inefficient resource use. The Eleventh Malaysia Plan highlights the importance of green economic growth, focusing on areas such as creating a supportive environment for green growth, adopting sustainable consumption and production practices, conserving natural resources, and strengthening resilience against climate change and natural disasters. This study examines the impact of natural resource use on the green economic growth in Malaysia from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on green trade as a key component. To achieve this objective, this study utlizies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and also its extension, the Dynamic ARDL (DYNARDL). Estimation results for both model indicate that green trade has a significant long run positive impact on green economic growth. While for short run, only DYNARDL method found evidence for positive impact of green trade. These findings suggest that policymakers should further promote green trade as a means to enhance sustainable and equitable resource use, thereby supporting the growth of the green economy in Malaysia.

When UBUNTU Becomes the Parameter of Tourism Sustainability

This study examines how embracing the concept of UBUNTU (I am because we are) can enhance tourism sustainability through digitalization. It highlights the interconnectedness of environmental factors and human responsibility globally. The main goal is to promote a sense of belonging to sustain tourism, utilizing digital platforms. By fostering harmony within nature and society, particularly through digital channels, the aim is to raise awareness about sustainability and mitigate the negative impacts of mass tourism. The study also seeks to conserve nature and natural resources from the adverse effects of tourism and advocate for prioritizing the preservation of nature and natural resources over commercial features, such as promoting homestays over star hotels. It emphasizes that destroying nature for development will ultimately diminish tourism appeal. Through this research, the message is conveyed that protecting nature ensures the continuity of tourism and related employment opportunities.

LAND GOVERNANCE; FACTS AND EFFECTS. CASE OF THE CITY OF TAHER (WILAYA OF JIJEL IN EASTERN ALGERIA)

All religious laws and man-made laws call for the preservation and sustainability of natural resources, including land as an irreplaceable element.Compliance of land use with the guidelines of development and town planning instruments is a basic principle in land use. This rule of good governance leads to the protection of the environment, natural resources and the preservation of the natural, cultural and socio-economic heritage marking a given territory. Aware of this reality, the Algerian state anticipated this problem early on through the promulgation of laws and regulations governing territorial management, the occupation of urban land and the protection of the environment within the framework of sustainable development.However, the divide between land allocations and its use on the scale of certain urban areas on the eastern outskirts of the city of Jijel gives food for thought on the reliability and feasibility of urban planning instruments in the control of land management. . This deficiency is manifested by the disorderly extension of the built environment, the consumption of natural, forest and agricultural space. This trend, accompanied by the increase in population, generates increasing needs for equipment and amenities and difficulties in the management of all types of waste produced.Taking the case of the city of Taher as a study framework, the decadence of heritage wealth (social way of life, agricultural activities, low population and construction density, hygiene and environmental balance) can increase on board be noticed in view of the areas withdrawn annually from natural landscapes and agriculture. In order to control urbanization and meet the needs for individual housing, the municipality of Taher has planned several subdivisions in accordance with the town planning plan. Despite the fact that the majority of designated land bases are of a public legal nature, these operations for individual residential use have been abandoned under the effect of constraints and disputes. As a result, the land areas in question are invaded by constructions which do not necessarily meet town planning standards and land use rules.

Representasi Gender dan Ekologi di Media: Perspektif Ekofeminis

Critical views see the media not only as a tool of the dominant group but also as a producer of ideology. The media helps spread its ideas and control other groups, it is also a subject that constructs reality, complete with its views, biases, and partisanship. Suara Aisyiyah magazine is one of the mass media published since 1926 and is the oldest women's magazine in Indonesia. So it is very interesting to read how Suara Aisyiyah provides discourse on ecofeminism. An approach that seeks to understand and address the root causes of social injustice, ecological imbalance, and exploitation of nature by linking the close relationship between the oppression of women and the oppression of nature. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method by describing each data which is then analyzed in detail and synthesized effectively. The results state that Ecofeminism in the Suara Aisyiyah magazine that is built is a relationship related to the role of women in nature conservation in the form of protection, utilization, and preservation of natural resources, maintaining family food security, and access to utilizing natural resources for the daily economy.

Stakeholder-Based Optimal Indicators for Urban Sustainability Assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study from the City of Moundou in Chad

Over the last two decades, scientific studies have increasingly highlighted the vulnerability of cities to global changes, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where climate phenomena and urbanization are intensifying. These realities necessitate a reassessment of current urban management models in order to reaffirm the central role of cities in promoting sustainability. In this context, establishing a robust scientific foundation for evaluating the transition processes of cities towards sustainability is essential. This article presents a methodology developed to select and validate indicators, taking into account local issues and the needs expressed by stakeholders. The research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, which included a literature review, consultations with populations from five study districts, analysis of the indicator needs of development stakeholders, adoption of two methods, and validation of the indicators by a group of experts. The outcome of this research is a set of 20 indicators organized into five dimensions: environmental, social, economic, built environment, and cultural. The analysis of the proportional distribution of these indicators across dimensions reveals a notable predominance of the social dimension, which accounts for 35% of the indicators, including key indicators such as access to potable water, electricity, education, and healthcare services, inter alia. The environmental and built environment dimensions each comprise 20% of the indicators, encompassing indicators such as the preservation of natural resources, waste management, land use management, and flood management, among others. The economic and cultural dimensions represent 15% and 10% of the selected indicators, respectively. These data indicate that achieving sustainable urban development within the context of this study requires a focused effort on enhancing the performance of these indicators, with substantial efforts needed in the social domain. It is of paramount importance to incorporate these indicators into the decision-making processes related to urban development planning in Moundou and other cities in the region, as they provide valuable scientific insights crucial to the pursuit of sustainability.

PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE-RESILIENT AGRICULTURE

The development of scientific and technical mastery over nature has made the practice of agriculture, which remains the adequate condition for human subsistence, problematic. Human chemistry attacks have eventually irritated the grand chemistry of nature, leading agriculture to face unprecedented climate change. Such a situation calls for philosophical reflection and leads to considering agriculture not only as an economic activity but also as a system interconnected with nature, communities, and future generations. We have reached the following result, which emphasizes the need for a philosophy of sustainability focusing on the preservation of natural resources, the promotion of environmentally friendly agricultural practices, and agricultural policies based on ethical principles of fairness, justice, and responsibility. This philosophy, aided by education and awareness-raising among farmers, promotes ecological awareness and an understanding of the challenges of climate change, thus fostering collective resilience to climate challenges.This philosophical approach to agriculture guides towards a more sustainable, resilient, and equitable agricultural future, based on values of respect for nature, community solidarity, and collective responsibility. To achieve this result, we used the direct analysis method.

DEVELOPMENT OF THAI HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)

At the 70th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, held on September 25, 2015, at the United Nations Headquarters, Thailand, along with 193 United Nation (UN) member states, signed and adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This global development framework aims to achieve sustainable social, economic, and environmental development by 2030, ensuring that no one is left behind. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which serve as a guide for all countries to work together, consist of 17 main goals and 169 SDG targets that are universal, interconnected, and mutually reinforcing. And, there are also 247 indicators designed to monitor and evaluate the progress of development. The SDGs can be grouped according to five interconnected dimensions, known as the 5Ps: People: Focus on developing and eradicating poverty and hunger and reducing inequality within society. Planet: Emphasize the protection and preservation of natural resources and climate for future generations. Prosperity: Promote well-being and a harmonious coexistence with nature. Peace: Uphold principles of peaceful coexistence, a peaceful society, and non-discrimination. Partnership: Foster collaboration among all sectors to drive the sustainable development agenda forward.

Shades of sustainability: Decoding the influence of fintech, natural resources and green ICT on CO2 emissions and green growth in China

The term "green growth" signifies an approach toward growth that promotes environmental sustainability and economic prosperity by supporting the preservation of natural resources, energy conservation, environmentally conscious farming, and waste disposal. It aims to distinguish economic prosperity from the destruction of the environment. Similarly, the core focus of the present study is to illustrate the impact of environmental policy, fintech, green technologies, and natural resources on carbon dioxide emissions and green growth in China over a specific twenty-one-year period covering 2000 to 2021. The study objectively analyzes the effects of environmental policy, natural resources, fintech, and green technologies on CO2 emissions and green growth employing the QARDL method. By confirming the empirical outcomes, the research analyzes the reliability of the methodology. The green growth and CO2 emissions models yield distinct results about statistically significant quantile ranges and coefficient magnitudes, as demonstrated by the research's findings. Natural resources support escalating CO2 emissions, whereas environmental policy, green technologies, and finance tend to lessen the detrimental effects. Concerning these results, policy experts should concentrate on green growth to facilitate the inclusion of green energy into the banking sector while reaching the zero-carbon objective by 2050.

Visitors’ Environmental Conservation Behaviour in the Mountain Tourism Destinations in Pakistan

This study investigates the environmental conservation behavior of visitors in mountain tourism destinations across Pakistan, with theoretical support drawn from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Norm Activation Model (NAM), and the Visitor Impact Management (VIM) Framework. With the growing popularity of mountain tourism, concerns regarding its environmental impact have become increasingly pertinent. Understanding the behavior of visitors towards conservation practices is essential for sustainable tourism management. Utilizing a mixed methodology, together with reviews and interviews, this research aims to explore the attitudes, motivations, and actions of tourists towards environmental conservation in Pakistan's mountainous regions. By analyzing data collected from both domestic and international tourists, this study seeks to identify key factors influencing visitors' conservation behavior, such as awareness levels, socio-cultural backgrounds, and perceptions of responsibility. Furthermore, it examines the ability of current conservation initiatives and the potential for enhancing environmental education and awareness among tourists. The findings of this research will add to the expansion of strategies and policies aimed at promoting sustainable tourism practices in Pakistan's mountain destinations, ensuring the preservation of natural resources and the long-term possibility of the travel industry.

The methyl jasmonate-responsive transcription factor SmERF106 promotes tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Understanding the regulatory biosynthesis mechanisms of active compounds in herbs is vital for the preservation and sustainable use of natural medicine resources. Diterpenoids, which play a key role in plant growth and resistance, also serve as practical products for humans. Tanshinone, a class of abietane-type diterpenes unique to the Salvia genus, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, is an excellent model for studying diterpenoids. In this study, we discovered that a transcription factor, SmERF106, responds to MeJA induction and is located in the nucleus. It exhibits a positive correlation with the expression of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1, which are associated with tanshinone biosynthesis. We performed DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) to predict genes that may be transcriptionally regulated by SmERF106. Our cis-elements analysis suggested that SmERF106 might bind to GCC-boxes in the promoters of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. This indicates that SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 could be potential target genes regulated by SmERF106 in the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. Their interaction was then demonstrated through a series of in vitro and in vivo binding experiments, including Y1H, EMSA, and Dual-LUC. Overexpression of SmERF106 in the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza led to a significant increase in tanshinone content and the transcriptional levels of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1. In summary, we found that SmERF106 can activate the transcription of SmKSL1 and SmIDI1 in response to MeJA induction, thereby promoting tanshinone biosynthesis. This discovery provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of tanshinones in response to JA and offers a potential gene tool for tanshinone metabolic engineering strategy.

Commodity chain as a negotiated process: Empirical analysis of benefit allocation, governance, and powers of upstream and downstream actors in matsutake mushroom trade in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province

The commercialization of non-timber forest products beyond in-house consumption is a strategy for alleviating rural poverty and forest degradation. With the implementation of the ecological civilization program, the Chinese government has explored the value realization mechanism of sustainable ecological products, and many successful cases of agricultural product commercialization have emerged. Focusing on the matsutake of Shangri-La as an example, this study applies both qualitative and quantitative analysis of semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, secondary data collection, and statistical analysis for the dynamics of the matsutake commodity chain construction in the southwest plateau of China to obtain unique insights into contemporary rural China. Specifically, the interrelationships and functional logic of diverse participants in the core process of commodity management were analyzed. We found that the upstream and downstream participants in the matsutake commodity chain are subject to institutional constraints, such as land tenure and non-unified standards, and that markets are crucial to matsutake's trading in Shangri-La. Certain participants along the commodity chain have inefficient information sources, while middlemen have greater autonomy in the matsutake transaction process and a larger profit margin. Additionally, the involvement of the government and non-governmental organizations impacts the preservation of natural resources and the creation of a stable market order, but policies and funds tend to be short-lived. To improve the commodity chain sustainability of non-timber forest products in plateau areas, it is necessary to consider social and cultural factors, ensure the equity of different participants in the commodity chain, and protect traditional local knowledge related to natural resource management.

Emerging Trends in Hospitality Sector

Presently, the travel and tourism sector has become an integral part of the global economy, exerting both direct and indirect influence on it. The tourism and hospitality sector are operating in an increasingly competitive environment. Despite the industry’s magnitude and intricacy, numerous branches are presently interconnected through technological means. Presently, individuals are capable of simultaneously reserving hotel accommodations, airline tickets, rental vehicles, and excursions via computer systems. When utilized in moderation, this expansion generates economic expansion, employment increases, social progress, and the preservation of natural resources. The hotel industry is increasingly inclined towards digital transformations due to the growing digital demand, ubiquitous connectivity, and the emerging paradigm of tourism. The objective of this research paper is to recognize, evaluate, and describe forthcoming trends that have been observed thus far in the domain of hospitality and tourism. By providing supplementary contributions to the domain of technological utilization in the hospitality and tourism sector, it establishes a solid foundation of knowledge. Additionally, the concept of environmental sustainability as it pertains to the hospitality sector is investigated in this study. Prior to the recent past, the hospitality and tourism sector exhibited a relatively low level of concern regarding the environmental impact caused by its facilities and operations. As environmental degradation worsens, societies are recognizing the critical need to enforce and implement more efficient environmental management practices. The observed phenomena of global warming, environmental degradation, and climate change, as well as the growth of the global population and industrial activity, are all contributing factors to the increasing significance of environmental sustainability. This study demonstrates that in the future, digital transformation and customer-centric approaches may have a profound impact on the marketing environment within the hospitality sector.

Phylogenomics, reticulation, and biogeographical history of Elaeagnaceae

The angiosperm family Elaeagnaceae comprises three genera and ca. 100 species distributed mainly in Eurasia and North America. Little family-wide phylogenetic and biogeographic research on Elaeagnaceae has been conducted, limiting the application and preservation of natural genetic resources. Here, we reconstructed a strongly supported phylogenetic framework of Elaeagnaceae to better understand inter- and intrageneric relationships, as well as the origin and biogeographical history of the family. For this purpose, we used both nuclear and plastid sequences from Hyb-Seq and genome skimming approaches to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and, along with current distributional data, infer historical biogeographical processes. Our phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and plastid data strongly support the monophyly of Elaeagnaceae and each of the three genera. Elaeagnus was resolved as sister to the well-supported clade of Hippophae and Shepherdia. The intrageneric relationships of Elaeagnus and Hippophae were also well resolved. High levels of nuclear gene tree conflict and cytonuclear discordance were detected within Elaeagnus, and our analyses suggest putative ancient and recent hybridization. We inferred that Elaeagnaceae originated at ca. 90.48 Ma (95% CI = 89.91–91.05 Ma), and long-distance dispersal likely played a major role in shaping its intercontinentally disjunct distribution. This work presents the most comprehensive phylogenetic framework for Elaeagnaceae to date, offers new insights into previously unresolved relationships in Elaeagnus, and provides a foundation for further studies on classification, evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Elaeagnaceae.

Environmental diagnostic of municipality of zinacantepec, Estado de México

In the period 2021‑ 2023, technical tours were conducted as part of the Local Ecological Management of Zinacantepec to carry out the environmental diagnosis of the territory, in which soil degradation is present in the sub‑ b asin of the Tejalpa River while the forest ecosystem in the Zinacantépetl Formation is in a process of feedback according to the General System Theory (GST), that is, recovery with a positive trend in the forest cover. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of the physical‑ g eographical subsystemin order to determine the environmental conditions in the study area. In order to achieve the specific objectives, a methodology based on the evaluation of the disturbances in the balance of the environmental system was proposed, for which thematic cartography was obtained, as well as the state of evolution of the relief by means of matrices applied in field work. On the other hand, through COMPROBIDES, training sessions and working groups have been held to present multidisciplinary proposals that promote environmental protection based on the results obtained, in which processes of land use change, water erosion, deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution and urban location in agricultural areas have been identified. It should be noted that knowledge of the geodynamics of geographic space has contributed to social and public participation for the preservation of natural resources.

ECOLOGIZATION OF TOURISM AS A COMPONENT OF THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Topicality. The ecologization of production processes and the transfer of the entire system of economic reproduction of humanity to the principles that meet the objectives of environmental protection are an important condition for sustainable development. The strategy of sustainable development is one of the key and priority in all branches of industry, national economy and economics. Its principles and main provisions are aimed at achieving harmony between the growth of economic indicators, stability in the social sphere and environmental protection. Preservation of natural resources, maintenance of their sustainability and the transition to resource-saving, energy-efficient technologies is almost one of the key tasks on the agenda Aim and tasks. The purpose of the work is the analysis of the basic theoretical provisions of the concept of "ecologization of tourism" and the development of its directions. Materials and Methods. Calculation and compliance with the norm of permissible tourist load on the territory involves the normalization of loads based on quantitative indicators as one of the methods of ecologically-oriented management of the development of tourist activity. Reserch results. Within the framework of the conducted research, we consider it expedient to single out the main directions of ecologization of the tourism sphere at two levels: the first - measures directly related to the implementation of ecological principles in the tourism sphere; the second level does not directly concern the tourism industry, but in general promotes the implementation of the ecological trend in the development of the tourism industry. Conclusion. It is worth noting that the implementation of the areas of ecologization proposed in the work will contribute to the sustainable development of tourism, thanks to which it is possible not only to reduce the negative impact of tourism on the environment, but also to increase the level of ecological safety of the territories, as well as to more effectively implement the strategy of sustainable development.

Soil legacy data: An opportunity for digital soil mapping

ABSTRACT Soil legacy data is past information on soils available from various sources (e.g. survey reports and maps). When compiled and organized, data obtained through historical retrieval can be used as basic input or validation data for digital soil mapping. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns, evolution, and scientific contribution, thus mapping the science produced in a specific period and determining the trend in research topics based on search terms. This article presents the characterization of international scientific production on soil legacy data using a set of bibliometric indicators. The study was developed with the bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus data platforms regarding the use of soil legacy data published online from 1979 to 2022. The following were extracted from the articles: authors and co-authors, year and country of publication, index words used, and abstracts, which were submitted to bibliometric analysis in R. Bibliometric analysis revealed publication of 242 scientific articles in 117 journals involving 1223 authors throughout the world in the last 43 years, with an average frequency of 12.66 citations per article. Australia (10.33 %), the USA (8.68 %), and Brazil (7.85 %) were the countries with the greatest scientific contributions. The most cited studies refer to databases, demonstrating the ease of access to information contributes significantly to new local studies. Due to pedometrics importance for soil science, there is constant revision to available legacy data for new hypotheses and research in soil science. And also, for the monitoring of soil attributes for the conservation and preservation of natural resources.

Dampak Pengembangan Pantai Kilo Lima Pada Masyarakat Lokal di Kota Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai

Tourism development often does not pay attention to the preservation of natural resources and local culture which are also affected by tourism development and considers that the tourism industry is an industry whose existence is interrelated. This research is descriptive research in the form of written or oral words from people and observable behavior and to be able to better identify the variables to be examined in relation to them and aims to present a structured, factual, and accurate description of the facts -fact and the relationship between the variables to be studied. From the results of the study there are positive and negative impacts that arise. Both environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impacts on local communities who are the main actors who feel the impact of tourism development. The community has felt the positive impact provided by the tourism sector. Although there are still negative impacts that are also felt

Implementasi Keamanan Cyber Berbasis Nilai Nilai Kebangsaan UUD 1945 di Era Digital Best Practice di Perusahaan Pertamina

The advancement of digital technology has brought about significant progress across various sectors, while simultaneously introducing new risks, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Cybersecurity has become a critical concern for companies, including energy giants like Pertamina. In the context of Indonesia, adherence to cybersecurity within Pertamina must align with relevant legal frameworks, such as the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). This research aims to explore optimal approaches to implementing cybersecurity within Pertamina, with a focus on the legal underpinnings of the 1945 Constitution. Key attention is directed towards Article 27, paragraph (3) of the Constitution, which guarantees universal access to education, including information security training for employees—a crucial element in thwarting cyber threats. Furthermore, Article 28, paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, safeguarding freedom of association, can be interpreted to endorse collaboration between Pertamina and external entities, like cybersecurity institutions and regulatory bodies, to bolster cyber defense capabilities. Integration of cutting-edge security technology is paramount, aligning with the principles outlined in Article 33, paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, emphasizing the preservation of natural resources. This extends to safeguarding Pertamina's data and digital infrastructure through measures like encryption technology, robust network security protocols, and effective intrusion detection systems. By heeding the legal foundations provided by the 1945 Constitution, the implementation of cybersecurity at Pertamina must be comprehensive, encompassing employee education, technological upgrades, and collaborative efforts with external stakeholders. Such measures aim to mitigate cyber risks, safeguard operational interests, and shield sensitive information from evolving threats in today's digital landscape. Additionally, Law Number 11 of 2008 plays a crucial role in governing information technology and electronic transactions in Indonesia. This legislation grants legal validity to electronic documents, signatures, and transactions, while also ensuring information security and user privacy. It imposes criminal penalties for illicit activities in the realm of information technology, fostering a secure environment for electronic transactions and upholding user rights in the digital age.

Deep Learning Techniques for Enhanced Mangrove Land use and Land change from Remote Sensing Imagery: A Blue Carbon Perspective

Deep learning techniques are revolutionizing the analysis of remote sensing imagery for mangrove land use and land change studies. These methods improve the accuracy and efficiency of identifying changes in mangrove forests, providing valuable insights for environmental monitoring and conservation efforts. This study presents an in-depth analysis of land cover changes on Hainan Island, China, over 30 years from 1993 to 2023, using Landsat 5 imagery. Through the classification of land cover into six distinct categories—barren/agriculture, urban/infrastructure, high vegetation, low vegetation, water, and clouds—we examined the temporal shifts and trends in the island's landscape. An accuracy assessment using high-resolution Landsat Satellite imagery provided validation for the classification method, achieving an accuracy of over 70%. The results revealed a notable urban expansion and recuperation of high vegetation areas, indicating a strong interaction between human activities and natural ecosystems. The study underscores the dynamic nature of land cover influenced by both anthropogenic and natural factors and highlights the importance of remote sensing in environmental monitoring. Future work will involve the adoption of newer satellite technologies and machine learning techniques to enhance the precision of land cover classification, integrate additional ecological data, and employ predictive modeling for sustainable land management strategies. The continuation of these efforts is crucial for informing policy decisions to ensure the preservation of Hainan's rich biodiversity and natural resources.