Preservation Of Infrastructure Research Articles

STATE REGULATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR (FOR EXAMPLE ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SERVICES MARKET)

The purpose of the article is to systematize and generalize the features of state regulation of the market of electronic communication services under martial law. It is noted that the needs for regulation during the war may change depending on market conditions and the structure of the legal framework, shelling of critical infrastructure, cyber attacks, but the key components for effective regulation are the functional aspects of the regulatory body, its subordination, the analysis of the preventive and operational regulatory impact at decision-making, protection of the industry and protection of consumer rights, etc. The article presents the regulatory framework of the state regulation of the market of electronic communication services in modern and historical aspects. It was determined that the national regulator of the market of electronic communication services in Ukraine is the National Commission, which carries out state regulation in the fields of electronic communications, radio frequency spectrum and the provision of postal services (NСEС), the main functions of the regulator are given. The main directions of state regulation of the market of electronic communication services in Ukraine are considered. It is substantiated that the trends towards liberalization in the field of electronic communications are related to global processes and opportunities that regulatory bodies face as services expand, platforms and network operators converge. It was noted that responding to market behavior and the growing need to ensure the safety of critical infrastructure and protect consumer rights determines the use of appropriate regulatory tools, the choice and adoption of which is complicated for the industry regulator in the modern convergent environment due to military actions. The corresponding institutional structure is described. It was concluded that the institutional structure in the field of electronic communications is complex, it includes relations of industry regulation between the state and international institutions, relations between the industry regulator and the antimonopoly authority, during the years of independence, the regulatory system in the field of electronic communications of Ukraine has gone through many stages and, accordingly the object of regulation changed (electrical communications, telecommunications, electronic communications). In conclusion, it is stated that a certain dualism of the need for state regulation can be traced due to the inefficient functioning of market mechanisms, which, in turn, is due to the lack of the necessary institutional structure that would fully satisfy the needs of the national economy in wartime. It is emphasized that usually the state regulation of electronic communications is aimed at ensuring a competitive market structure in order to achieve advantages from such a structure, from the point of view of the consumer, lower tariffs, better quality and an expanded range of services, and from the point of view of the state and business entities – to achieve maximum market growth with an increase in volume, lower costs, development of new services. However, in wartime, aspects of security, preservation of infrastructure and protection against cyberattacks come to the fore. It was concluded that in the field of electronic communications, in the presence of significant network effects, important areas of state regulation appear in wartime, which are related to standardization and compatibility, which shape the nature of innovation and price competition, as well as ensuring the stable functioning of networks after shelling of critical infrastructure. In the absence of compatibility of security and market aspects, the benefits for consumers and the provision of competition in the relevant market are reduced, as well as the fulfillment of social functions historically inherent in the communications industry is impossible.

MANAJEMEN SARANA DAN PRASARANA DI TK ANANDA KOTA SUKABUMI

One effort to improve the quality of preschool education is to ensure that existing facilities and infrastructure at preschool education facilities are adequate, of good quality and appropriate for children's development, as well as ready-to-use facilities and infrastructure. . Therefore, to improve the quality of preschool education, good management of facilities and infrastructure is needed. The focus of research at Ananda Kindergarten includes the process of managing facilities and infrastructure, including planning needs for facilities and infrastructure, procurement of facilities and infrastructure, inventory of facilities and infrastructure, preservation of facilities and infrastructure, relocation of facilities and infrastructure. and monitoring facilities and infrastructure. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design. Data collection techniques used interview, observation and recording techniques related to the management of Ananda Kindergarten facilities and infrastructure. The data obtained during the research process was analyzed through stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, checking the validity of the data uses the source triangle, technical triangle and time triangle. Based on the data analysis that has been carried out; (1) Planning is carried out using a needs analysis method that takes into account all proposals from educators, teaching staff and student guardians and is carried out in meetings every two years. (2) Facilities and infrastructure can be obtained through the disbursement of BOP (Education Operational Support) funds for early childhood education. (3) Inventory is recorded for each entry of facilities and infrastructure, however, in the recording process, little attention is paid to the procedure for recording it in the inventory book. (4). There is no list of names of warehouses and facilities, but Ananda Kindergarten's facilities and infrastructure meet PAUD specifications and equipment. (5). Maintenance is carried out by educators and teaching staff. (6). Installation and dismantling of infrastructure carried out at PAUD Ananda consisted of filling the swimming pool and removing the rotating bowl. (7). Supervision of Ananda Kindergarten facilities and infrastructure is carried out by all parties such as educators, teaching staff and parents.

“There Are Lives Here”

Abstract The Bonnet Carré Spillway, a mile-long concrete and wood weir in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, is embedded in a landscape of flood control infrastructure and an institutionally repressed history of the Black communities displaced for its construction from 1929 to 1931. Two cemeteries of enslaved and formerly enslaved people were plowed under and then resurfaced decades later, prompting a movement for commemoration led by descendants. Through histories of both the spillway structure and that of enslaved and formerly enslaved communities, this article examines a growing movement for commemoration that challenges and dismantles the political infrastructure generated by and for the preservation of physical infrastructure.

The Sense of Place of Local Mining Heritage in Wallonia

ABSTRACT Mining activities have shaped the landscape and local communities in Belgium and several countries worldwide. This research investigates the uses and ascribed heritage status of former coal mining sites and slag heaps that are not listed as major mining sites. Many former mining sites lack official recognition and are challenging for planning and regional development. However, in many places, populations, NGOs, and authorities want to maintain the traces of local history, which mostly requires finding new usages. Based on an oral survey of residents living near two former Belgian mining sites and semi-structured interviews with actors active in transforming these sites (regarding their functions and physical components), this paper analyzes the relations between the population and these places and explores the interests of local actors. Through descriptive and exploratory statistical analyses, we underline that former mining sites and their slag heaps provide several services for society (including recreational, environmental, and cultural services), which make them significant for inhabitants. Furthermore, while local authorities showed low interest in mining heritage, they recognize the assets of former mining sites to support urban and economic development and the preservation of green infrastructure and cultural heritage. Today, various local actors influence the preservation and management of local mining heritage by selecting elements of the place’s history, developing new uses, and rewriting narratives that include past and present activities.

Concept for a digital twin of railway bridges on the example of the new Filstal bridges

AbstractThe preservation of infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. The current reactive maintenance management only initiates maintenance measures after damage has occurred. Short‐term measures can lead to unforeseen restrictions in infrastructure availability and thus cause high social and economic damage.High‐quality measurement technology, automated data analysis, structured data management and collaborative work are just a few technological developments that form the cornerstones for a future predictive maintenance strategy. The digital twin, a digital representation of the real object, combines these developments and is a promising method for a sustainable preservation of infrastructure.Using the example of the Filstal bridges, a concept for a digital bridge twin is introduced. The digital twin combines measurement data, bridge information, inspection results as well as structural safety verifications and aggregates them to continuously display the current bridge condition and thus supports the maintenance of bridges. For intuitive use, all information is located and presented in a way that is consumable by the user.

Spatial Planning Response to the Challenges of Climate Change Adaptation: An Analysis of Selected Instruments and Good Practices in Europe

The task of combining objectives, spatial planning instruments, and climate change adaptation targets is a complex endeavour that varies across countries. There is a call for a universal discussion on how spatial planning should respond to climate change challenges. To address this issue, this article delves into the approaches taken by Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Poland, aiming to explore how spatial planning instruments support climate change adaptation goals. The authors, based on a jointly extracted questionnaire, identified what they consider to be the most relevant examples of instruments to use to ensure the integration of spatial planning objectives and the response to climate challenges. The identified solutions are compared in detail. Three key spatial planning themes emerged in this study: investment in renewable energy, the development and preservation of green infrastructure, and the protection of coastal zones. This article examines the systemic solutions found in these countries, discusses the role of both classical and sectoral spatial planning instruments, and identifies the level of public authority responsible for key interventions. It shows that instruments developed at the supra-local level should support local authorities by providing them with legal and substantive arguments for developing solutions relevant to climate challenges.

Analyzing the Challenges for Future Smart and Sustainable Cities

The fast growth of the urban population increases the demand for energy, water, and transportation, amongst other needs. This study explores the current state and future scenarios of Smart Cities and the environmental, economic, and social challenges that must be overcome. We used the Rapid Review method to understand the challenges of implementing Smart Cities in different urban contexts and the potential impact of research on Smart City planning in future Smart Cities. The study offers insights into the potential for Smart City growth while identifying obstacles that must be addressed to ensure sustainability. Results serve as a foundation for planning and decision-making, highlighting aspects such as the adoption of alternative energies, reduction in car use, preservation of ecosystems, waste reduction, citizen participation, infrastructure, and citizen data privacy, among others. These aspects are essential to overcome obstacles and promoting Smart Cities’ development.

OECD AND UKRAINE: TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE FINANCING

The article examines current trends in healthcare financing in OECD countries and Ukraine. The focus is on assessing the dynamics of total healthcare spending and it is found that in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant increase in funding in all countries. In particular, only in 2019-2020, the share of healthcare costs in the GDP of OECD countries increased by 1% on average. Thus, advanced countries, realizing the impact of the healthcare industry on the economy and well-being of the country as a whole, tried to maximally strengthen its financial stability in general and to epidemic challenges in particular. The priority sources of health care financing were analyzed and it was found that the governments of the OECD countries diversify the sources of financing in the sector to protect their citizens from excessive financial burden and to ensure affordable and high-quality medical care. It was found that the direct costs of patients from OECR countries account for an average of 20% of all health care costs, while in Ukraine the population finances more than 46% of medical costs. It was noted that this indicator is threatening for the country, since the poor do not have access to medical care due to lack of funds and, as a result, the number of diseases, the level of disability, and mortality of citizens is increasing. It was established that the priority sources of financing for one group of OECD countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain, Canada, etc.) are budget funds, and for another (Germany, Japan, France, etc.) - funds from the mandatory health insurance system. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the share of mandatory health insurance in the structure of financing sources of OECD countries, which increased by 2% on average and amounted to 39%. It was concluded that the Ukrainian health care system, in which the reform began in 2015, annually increases the amount of funding and has positive feedback from WHO and World Bank experts about the results of the reform. However, due to political changes in 2014 and economic constraints due to the COVID-19 pandemic, total health spending in dollar terms in 2020 did not reach the 2013 funding level. In addition, the war made adjustments to the activity of the industry, introducing a regime of maximum preservation of infrastructure, simplification of financing, and ensuring the availability of medical services. Despite this, the government developed a post-war healthcare recovery plan to revive destroyed facilities and radically transform the industry in peacetime.

ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНЫЕ ВЫЗОВЫ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ГОРОДОВ: ПРИМЕР ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА

One of the consequences of globalization in the second half of the twentieth century has been the emergence of global cities, a key characteristic of which is their attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Global cities are tightly integrated into the international flow of financial and human capital, goods, and services, and for this reason, the economy of global cities is the most vulnerable to global challenges. The deterioration in the city’s economy has a negative impact on the state of the city’s infrastructure, an integral part of which is the city’s transport system. Thus, one of the tasks of urban development is the preservation and development of transport infrastructure, regardless of the state of the external environment of the city. The aim of this paper is to present recommendations for the development of a sustainable and adaptive transport system in global cities. The object of this study is the transport system of St. Petersburg, which has undergone significant changes in recent decades, adapting to the changing needs of citizens. Based on primary data, we track how the transport behavior of St. Petersburg residents changed in 2019–2022 under the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences for business and society. The theoretical contribution of our study is to form a new view on the functioning of transport systems from the point of view of the global status of cities. In addition, based on the results of the study, we form recommendations for building a sustainable and adaptive transport system in global cities.

Building Tourism With the Community: A Study of Local Participation Building a Tourism Village Based on Value Co Creation

The concept of value co ceation emphasizes the different value aspects created by tourism actors (local communities) and tourists, which are carried out together to develop or provide added value to tourist villages a form of local community participation in building a value co-creation-based tourism village. Qualitative research methodology, using the literat-review method of several journals relevant to the theme of research conducted by both national journals. The results study indicate several factors to identify the potential /opportunities for the formation of a tourist village, including tourist attractions, natural resources, tourism support facilities, preservation of traditional arts, religion, facilities and infrastructure, accommodation and hospitality as well as adjustment of new rules by following strict health protocols following the principles of Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Environmental Sustainability. While the challenges/problems of forming a tourist village consist of limited knowledge and information, low quality of human resources, limited knowledge of destination management, conflicts of interest and hegemony of power, lack of public awareness, limited access to tourist destinations, limited facilities, and infrastructure, the level of community participation is still low, collaboration or synergy with various parties is still low.

ВТРАТИ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ ВНАСЛІДОК ВІЙНИ ЯК ЗАГРОЗА ПОВОЄННІЙ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ

The human capital losses during the war were analyzed in the context of threats to the post-war recovery of Ukrainian economy. The priority role of human capital in modernization of economy and ensuring economic growth is substantiated. The origins of civilizational conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which in 2022 turned into a full-scale war launched by the Russian Federation that threatens the existence of Ukrainian state and nation, have been studied. The risks of war for the reproduction of human capital are systematized according to the main aspects of its formation: preservation of health and life, support of the normal family functioning, preservation and functioning of social infrastructure, conditions and opportunities for human capital realization. The loss of Ukraine's human capital as a result of the hybrid war on its territory during 2014-2021 is highlighted, which led to large GDP losses, significant population decline, massive forced internal migration and considerable decrease in investments in human development. An analysis of the current situation with human capital reproduction in the conditions of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine in 2022 was made. The channels of the main human capital losses were studied: demographic population losses; narrowed employment opportunities, which limits the use of workforce’s formed productive abilities; the destruction of the educational infrastructure, which is critical for human assets formation; threats of potential human capital losses from forced external migration. The state of the national labor market, the prospective need of the post-war economy for highly qualified specialists are discussed. The consequences of human capital loss for provision of personnel for the post-war economic recovery and modernization are analyzed. The priority tasks and measures for the preservation and accumulation of Ukraine’s human capital in the war and post-war periods have been determined.

An Opportunistic Approach for Cloud Service-Based IoT Routing Framework Administering Data, Transaction, and Identity Security

There has been an asymmetric shift toward harnessing cloud-based technologies as the world focuses on shifting operations remotely. Data security for remote operations is crucial for the protection and preservation of critical infrastructure. Furthermore, there has been an emerging trend to integrate IoT-based devices with the expanding cloud infrastructure. In this work, mobile cloud-based infrastructure is considered where contact opportunities are developed in an opportunistic manner so as to facilitate efficient data forwarding and secure process handling. A probabilistic framework is proposed that facilitates data routing between the nodes and local cloud in an IoT network coupled with a multitier trust and encryption scheme for secure data delivery in the cloud-based IoT network. The proposed scheme is evaluated with simulations over two data sets against attack resilience and routing efficiency-based performance metrics, comparing to standard protocols, such as PRoPHET, MaxProp, ProWait, and TCAFE, which displays the enhancement in operations of Sec-CIoT.

Manufacture of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Pipes

ABSTRACT Utilizing locally available materials and labor in the construction and preservation of water infrastructure is considered an effective strategy toward progressing regional economic development and providing security of water supply in some less industrialized and remote regions. Current pipe manufacturing processes are highly advanced, with the implementation of these manufacturing technologies in remote and less-industrialized areas being difficult to achieve. Flax fiber-reinforced epoxy (FFRE) composite has substantial potential to be used for constructing or reinforcing various structural components, mainly due to a superior combination of stiffness, strength, low cost, and low weight of flax fiber when compared to other natural fibers. Two techniques were proposed to manufacture pipes using FFRE composite, namely, the manual fabric winding technique and the vacuum infusion method. The proposed manufacturing techniques, especially the manual fabric winding method, were shown to be simple to implement, and the processes can be replicated without the necessity for advanced manufacturing technologies.

Ризики і втрати людського капіталу внаслідок війни

The article studies the demographic and social aspects of the risks of loss of human capital as a result of war. The risks on the main aspects of its formation of human capital are systematized: the preservation of health and life, the normal functioning of the family, the preservation and functioning of social infrastructure, the conditions and opportunities for the realization of human capital. The loss of human potential in the first half of the twentieth century is highlighted. Considerable attention is paid to the risks to the development of human capital arising from the hybrid war of 2014–2021. The analysis of the current demographic losses of human capital, which brought a full-scale war of Russia against Ukraine in 2022, has been made. The loss of educational infrastructure, which is significant for the formation of human assets, is highlighted.

Green infrastructure and relationship with urbanization – Importance and necessity of integrated governance

The article uses an interdisciplinary approach to study the links between urbanization and the state of the green infrastructure of the metropolis, which indicates the possibility of providing ecosystem services. This is important for the formation of a better management policy of green urban space for the sustainable development of the metropolis. In order to allow creation of forecast in time, spatial and statistical analysis of the relationship between the criteria of urbanization and ecosystem services were done, which resulted in spatial analysis – showing the distribution of the study area by condition and viability of green plantations depending on the level of urbanization to visualize their complex structure and condition. Indicators of urbanization were researched: 1) urbanization Index (UI); 2) Anthropogenic load index (Jal); 3) water erosion of the soil; 4) adventization index of grass cover (Inn); 5) nitrophils in grass tirer; and environmental indicators. Three most important groups of ecosystem services (ES) were identified quantitatively: 1) habitat quality, regulating ES – park area, mortality of trees, canopy density, stand condition index (Is), integral indicator of the impact significance (W), natural value index (Inv); 2) biodiversity conservation – Hstr, Biodiversity Indices; 3) provision of recreational ES – t, R. It was found that urbanization has a direct negative impact on ES, which contributes to the reduction of biodiversity, area, structure and condition of park ecosystems (PE). According to the proposed indices, the studied Kyiv park ecosystems form two large groups – 1) with a significant anthropogenic load and 2) with the best preservation of the forest environment, complex biotic structure. We made recommendations on the policy of management and preservation of green infrastructure in the context of rapid urbanization, especially on park ecosystems of the second group.

Large-Scale Reality Modeling of a University Campus Using Combined UAV and Terrestrial Photogrammetry for Historical Preservation and Practical Use

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) enable detailed historical preservation of large-scale infrastructure and contribute to cultural heritage preservation, improved maintenance, public relations, and development planning. Aerial and terrestrial photo data coupled with high accuracy GPS create hyper-realistic mesh and texture models, high resolution point clouds, orthophotos, and digital elevation models (DEMs) that preserve a snapshot of history. A case study is presented of the development of a hyper-realistic 3D model that spans the complex 1.7 km2 area of the Brigham Young University campus in Provo, Utah, USA and includes over 75 significant structures. The model leverages photos obtained during the historic COVID-19 pandemic during a mandatory and rare campus closure and details a large scale modeling workflow and best practice data acquisition and processing techniques. The model utilizes 80,384 images and high accuracy GPS surveying points to create a 1.65 trillion-pixel textured structure-from-motion (SfM) model with an average ground sampling distance (GSD) near structures of 0.5 cm and maximum of 4 cm. Separate model segments (31) taken from data gathered between April and August 2020 are combined into one cohesive final model with an average absolute error of 3.3 cm and a full model absolute error of <1 cm (relative accuracies from 0.25 cm to 1.03 cm). Optimized and automated UAV techniques complement the data acquisition of the large-scale model, and opportunities are explored to archive as-is building and campus information to enable historical building preservation, facility maintenance, campus planning, public outreach, 3D-printed miniatures, and the possibility of education through virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) tours.

Research of Mixed Carbon Sorbents for Removal of Oil Products from Water and Soil for Preservation of Environmental Infrastructure

The article presents the results of studies on the study of technologies for obtaining carbon sorbents from by-products of agriculture, woodworking industry and utilities under the influence of low-temperature one-stage carbonization, as well as structural, physicochemical, absorbing properties of mixed carbon-carbon and carbon-mineral sorbents and their effectiveness and economic feasibility in removing petroleum products from the environment and preserving its infrastructure. Oil consumption and absorption capacity of petroleum products of the mixture of pine sawdust carbonate: expanded graphite, at a ratio of 50:50%, 2.5-3.0 times higher than the sawdust carbonate. Its use is the most promising and cost-effective in removing petroleum products from the environment and preserving environmental infrastructure. The obtained data on influence of the qualitative composition of mixed materials on their sorption capacity in relation to oil and oil products allow us to suggest the feasibility of using carbon-carbon materials as effective sorbents of oil products from water and soil, and carbon-mineral, for example, as effective barriers to preventing the migration of oil and petroleum products into groundwater. Carbon-carbon materials should be used as effective sorbents to remove petroleum products from the water surface and soil, and carbon-mineral as effective barriers to prevent the migration of oil and petroleum products into groundwater.

Assessment of the Urban and Environmental Impact of the Traffic Axes Development Project of Heliopolis (Dept.A)

Population growth and urbanization is one of the most important manifestations of modern civilization, this growth has been actively involved in transportation means development(s), and was one of the most serious consequences resulting from the weakness of the efficiency of the current road networks to accommodate those variables, and how to deal with that problem and ways to resolve them. With high considerations of preservation of environmental infrastructure and physical infrastructure. Where some cities today suffer from the lack of proper planning and flour to solve those problems, especially when it concerns the environmental values and civilization of those cities, which led to a big failure or partial inside it, not only on the physical level but also on the environmental and social and economic level and quality of life, as well as the occurrence of psychological disorders and acute health for those who live in those cities, where the research aims to reduce the negative effects resulting from the urban planning solutions and others studied, when developing the axes of movement in cities, which are the values of urban and architectural and ecological, and draw the attention of those concerned with the affairs of urbanization and the development of the importance of sustainable environmental solutions, and alternative bridges, cars, such as Using a vacuum under the earth as important solutions in maintaining the environmental nature and physical infrastructure and the architecture of those cities, combining research among several methods to achieve the objectives of the study, the inductive method survey and discuss the results of a field survey to identify the opinion of a sample of the population and opinion owners and inspiration for designers in the extent of the effect of the scheme of development and bridges on the physical environment and the social study, and gauge the extent of the positive and negative aspects of the new scheme

Mermaids, knitted costumes and pink carbolic soap: making meaning and translating social space in community-led pools

ABSTRACT This paper explores the preservation of social infrastructure in the case of three community-led swimming baths in the UK and their attempt to create, communicate and translate a meaning and ethos beyond what the term ‘swimming pool’ normally conveys. Using memory, historical narratives and creative arts as communicative tools, along with a model for organising pool space based on the diverse needs of the users in the surrounding locale, these social spaces have challenged neoliberal economic realities and offered renewed access to historical places which serve as connective tissue for their users.

Research of absorbing properties of carbon sorbents for purification of aquatic environment from oil products

The article presents the results of the study of structural-sorption performance and absorption properties of both raw materials and carbon sorbents obtained in the carbonization process, in terms of their ability to absorb petroleum products from water and contribute to the preservation of environmental infrastructure. Under the proposed mode of carbonization received hydrophobic sorbents. The analysis of the obtained results shows that carbon materials based on pine sawdust, obtained at a temperature of 300 °C for 8-10 minutes, have the best buoyancy – 97-100%. This can be explained by the fact that in the process of carbonization of cellulose-containing raw materials the last of the components of plant tissues decomposes lignin (active decomposition of lignin occurs in the temperature range 280-325 °C). As a result of research it is established that in the process of low-temperature one-stage carbonization of vegetable raw materials unauthorized hydrophobization of the sorbent surface is carried out. For fast and efficient collection of oil and oil products, the sorbent must have the maximum sorption rate, which will reduce the absorption time of pollutants. The highest sorption rate is shown by a mixture of pine sawdust carbonate: expanded graphite (50:50) and carbon material based on pine sawdust, which can be explained by the developed porous structure and surface chemistry of the materials.