Preservation Of Industrial Heritage Research Articles

Frontier Revitalisation of Industrial Heritage with Urban–Rural Fringe in China

The urban–rural fringe is at the forefront of the confrontation between the agricultural and industrial civilisations. How to handle the relationship between the two civilisations in this region and ensure its sustainable development is an eternal topic in the science of the human-living environment. Thanks to the special historical background of the Third Line construction, China’s industrial heritage connects with the urban–rural fringe that surpasses other countries. For the first time, this study connects China’s Third Line construction, industrial heritage, and urban–rural integration within the same context, combining big data bibliometric methods to obtain the development characteristics and context of China’s industrial heritage research starting from 2004. It has strong policy characteristics, is influenced by administrative orders, and is aligned with urbanisation efforts. Theoretical exploration is the first step in research, followed by value connotations and cultural qualities. It addresses various topics, including industrial heritage conservation, regeneration approaches, and cultural heritage tourism. The research focuses primarily on the value appraisal of industrial heritage, exploring revitalisation tactics and routes, as well as regional development models in urban–rural periphery areas. This study also examines how scholars generally consider the impact of industrial heritage on the economic, social, and cultural development of urban–rural fringe areas in order to integrate and propose various protection and utilisation strategies, such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural and creative industry development, and tourism resource development.

Examined in Theory—Applicable in Practice: Potentials of Sustainable Industrial Heritage Conservation in a Contemporary Context—The Case of Belgrade

The industrial heritage of the city of Belgrade is the focus of this research, which highlights the possibilities of preserving industrial heritage from the perspective of a contemporary context and sustainable development. Guided by theoretical principles on the preservation of cultural and industrial heritage, their values, authenticity and spirit of place, as well as the idea of the necessity of integrating industrial heritage into the contemporary context, this paper aims to examine the possibilities for the preservation of industrial heritage following theoretically established principles, with the introduction of new uses and sustainable solutions. The analysis of the case studies of Belgrade’s industrial heritage presented in this paper results from research conducted by the teachers, associates and students of the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Architecture. The research focuses on the possibilities of translating the principles of preserving cultural and industrial heritage from their theoretical definition to practical application. The students’ conceptual solutions for protection, revitalisation and presentation of the analysed case studies represent the research results. An important aspect of this paper is defining the criteria for valorising students’ conceptual solutions, which are aligned with the principles of preserving cultural heritage and establishing sustainable development. The valorisation of students’ conceptual solutions through a defined set of criteria indicates real possibilities for the simultaneous preservation of all the values of industrial heritage and its transformation into a social, ecological and economic resource of the contemporary city.

Geographic Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors for Industrial Heritage Sites in Italy Based on GIS

A comprehensive understanding of industrial legacy, considering its social, economic, and environmental aspects, is crucial for its preservation. This study scrutinizes 120 industrial heritage sites, investigating spatial–temporal patterns and influential factors. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of the Italian industrial heritage. (1) The research underscores Italy’s industrial legacy’s tendency for clustering and uneven dispersion, prominently concentrated in the northern regions while notably sparse in the south. (2) Geographical advantages, a history of advanced industrialization, higher economic levels, greater population density, and supportive policies foster a concentration of industrial development and greater diversity of heritage types in the North. (3) The recommendations advocate for tailored conservation and management strategies tailored to the distinct characteristics of Italian industrial history. These strategies advocate for increased public involvement, reinforced legislative protection, and the promotion of tourism and cultural education to sustainably develop heritage assets. The findings and methodologies of this study can effectively identify the causes of the formation of the Italian industrial heritage, thereby offering a broader perspective to bolster its preservation and administration. It also provides a valuable reference for global industrial heritage preservation and management strategies.

Agents of change, power, and resistance in the patterns of change of an industrial heritage district: the case of Bellavista, Chile (1970‒2019)

With the global wave of deindustrialization, post- industrial territories have seen local organizations supporting the preservation of industrial heritage. In several cases, these initiatives have met resistance from developers or state- led urban regeneration projects. Using the former textile neighbourhood of Bellavista- Tomé (Chile) as a case study, this paper analyses the combined effect of the site`s morphology and agency of social actors, on the process of changing land use. The methodology used the notion of morphological regions to analyse the neighbourhood’s urban morphology between 1970 and 2019, along with the discourse analysis of semi- structured interviews and secondary data to identify the agency of social actors. The conclusions indicate that, within the neoliberal urban development framework in Chile, the local government has played an ambivalent role regarding the preservation of the industrial fabric. This ambivalence has been greatly influenced by the intrinsic suitability of certain morphological regions for real estate development. The resulting problem threatens the preservation of industrial built legacy and the possibility of promoting urban development while maintaining the local social and cultural identity.

Policy and Practice of Revitalization of Industrial Heritage as a Factor in Improving the Quality of the Urban Environment of St. Petersburg

Due to the liquidation of many industries, many large industrial enterprises in Russian cities become ownerless and collapsing objects. For example, the St. Petersburg industrial zone, which occupies one-third of the urban area, has a depressive effect on the urban environment due to its current state. This research considers the problem of careful conversion and preservation of industrial heritage. The authors pay special attention to the revitalization of industrial facilities as a model for the development of a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the preservation of cultural identity, the values of the industrial era, as well as the organization of new public spaces and the creation of conditions for the development of cultural dialogue. The study reveals the problems of implementing the state cultural policy in the field of industrial heritage revitalization, considers the prospects for a dialogue between civil society and the state on the restoration of industrial zones, analyzes the possibilities of effectively attracting private sector resources, and identifies the main strategies for the development of industrial territories. The article is based on the results of a study of industrial facilities and complexes in St. Petersburg. The authors conclude about the relevance of the proposed revitalization model, which contributes to the effective use of the urban development potential of the depressed areas of St. Petersburg. The result of such activities is transforming industrial heritage into comfortable centers of attraction for people, with favorable conditions and investment attractiveness.

Revitalization of Industrial Heritage as a Factor in Improving the Quality of the Urban Environment of St. Petersburg

In Russian cities, many large industrial enterprises, due to the liquidation of many industries, become ownerless and collapsing objects. For example, the industrial zone of St. Petersburg occupies one-third of the urban area so its current state has depressive effect on the urban environment. This article considers the actual problem of careful conversion and preservation of industrial heritage. The authors pay special attention to the revitalization of industrial facilities as a model for the development of a comfortable urban environment, taking into account the preservation of cultural identity, the values of the industrial era, as well as the organization of new public spaces and the creation of conditions for the development of cultural dialogue. The empirical basis of the study was the results of a research of industrial facilities in St. Petersburg. The article defines revitalization, considers examples of its application, and identifies the main trends in the development of industrial territories. The result of such activity is the transformation of industrial heritage into comfortable centers of attraction for people. All this allows us to talk about the relevance of the proposed revitalization model.

Professor V. V. Zapariy as a Researcher and Promote of Conservation Industrial Heritage

Introduction. The article describes the scientific work of Professor V. V. Zapariy, who made a great contribution to the promotion of historical knowledge on the industrial heritage of Russia and its regions in terms of his theoretical consideration of the problems of identifying, analyzing and restructuring industrial heritage in scientific publications. Materials and Methods. The author considers theoretical approaches to the very concept of industrial heritage, the role of the International Committee for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage and its influence on the process of forming the national representation of Russia in this committee. Results. The article analyzes the role of Professor V. V. Zapariy on the issues of promoting achievements in this direction in Russia and its regions, primarily in the Urals. The works of the professor are pointed out, revealing the role of industrial heritage in the promotion of historical and scientific and technological achievements of our country, issues of theoretical understanding in the country and abroad of terminology, such areas of industrial heritage as its impact on the image of the region, the tourist potential of artifacts and objects of industrial heritage for development of industrial tourism. Particular attention is paid to the need for cooperation between historians and the public with regional and federal authorities in the development of work on the conservation and rehabilitation of industrial heritage. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to create regional and federal programs to identify, classify, preserve monuments of technogenic heritage and their rehabilitation.

Charitable Activities of the Spanish Mining Holding HUNOSA for the Preservation of Industrial Heritage in the Context of Decarbonization

Charitable activities of mining companies undertaken out of commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are aimed at creating a favourable environment in the regions of operational presence. Mining companies mainly support the areas which are directly related to their core business or influence the life of local communities. The caste-based nature of mining as a profession has evolved over the centuries, as it combines hard physical labour and adverse working conditions. The mining labour union was the main social and political pillar of Asturias throughout the 20th century, while working class history largely accounted for the history of the region. The industry crisis of 1966 led the miners to submit a request to the government for nationalisation of their companies, as they sustained irreparable economic losses. As a response to their request, National Institute of Industry (INI) integrated into the coal sector, and in 1967 the mining company HUNOSA (Hulleras del Norte S. A.) was founded. After the democractic transition the mining labour movement maintained its social, political and cultural hegemony; however, industrial decline and decarbonisation undermined these foundations, no matter how deep-rooted they were. By the end of the 20th century the Asturian coal industry was faced with another phase of crisis. While the first blow came in the 1970s with the end of protectionist energy policies, the second one had to do with the inability to adapt to the conditions of the world market. In the 1990s Asturias faced a rapid population loss as well as rising unemployment. At the same time, general Western European trend of phasing out coal-fired power in line with the Paris Agreement of 2015 brought about a grave crisis of the coal industry. HUNOSA, the only monopolist on the Spanish coal market, is responsible for implementing a fair “coal transition”. The mining tradition that was passed down through generations and seemed immutable has come to an end. One of the responses of former miners to the dissolution of the industry is to become actively involved in the protection and promotion of the mining heritage. It manifests both a nostalgic yearning for the past and a willingness to preserve and pass on the memory of it to future generations.

Industrial museums with Chinese characteristics: theories and practices

ABSTRACT Industrial museums are experiencing fast development in China, where they play important roles in industrial heritage preservation, the promotion of industrial culture, and nation-building. These uses, together with the particularities of the Chinese industrialisation process, have shaped new models in industrial museography. In this paper, we describe how some Western ideas regarding industrial museums and heritage have been adapted in China, and how the development of such ideas in theory and practice has resulted in different types of museums. In doing so, we use bibliometry, statistics, and quantitative and qualitative analyses to study the factors behind the growth of industrial museums in China, the scientific literature on the topic produced in the country, and basic data about 249 museums. As a result, we delimitate the specificities of the industrial museums with Chinese characteristics, which can enrich the international discussion on the subject with approaches less explored in the West.

Debates, interventions and losses around Porto's industrial heritage A synoptic review of some cases under consideration (1952-2022)

Over the last decades of debate around archaeology of industrialization in Portugal, there has been a sample of examples in which different heritage perspectives have been discussed. We refer to cases that brought to the public space questions about the preservation, loss, reuse and even musealization of industrial spaces and contents. In this sense, we collected a sample of five examples that over the last 70 years generated more or less public debate around the industrial heritage. Most of the cases presented are all from the past 40 years, where the concepts of awareness and preservation of industrial heritage, although in permanent reflection and evolution, were already openly affirmed in the discussion. Different receptivity to these concerns, however, reflected different results. The main objective is to synthesize these different readings and sensitivities around the conservation and preservation of industrial heritage; simultaneously, we also tried to recover, from micromonographs, the memory (in some cases unpublished) of each of the cases in the sample. The survey and analysis of the cases were based on three methodological aspects: (1) historiographical and documental research; (2) on-site and remote sensing prospecting; (3) interaction of the two prospective bases in a documentary archaeology framework. Keywords: Industrial heritage; conservation criteria; public perception; documentary archaeology

Typology, Preservation, and Regeneration of the Post-1949 Industrial Heritage in China: A Case Study of Shanghai

Industrial heritage is one of the most neglected types of cultural heritage and urban landscape, often being vulnerable to rather than blessed by urban (re)development. China is confronting an unprecedentedly intensive challenge of preserving industrial heritage, as the country has rapidly shifted towards post-industrialization only several years after being recognized as the “world’s factory” in the 21st century. However, none of the existing literature has systematically investigated the typology and preservation of China’s post-1949 industrial heritage. This research selects Shanghai—the largest metropolis and a prime industrial hub in China— for the case study, and examines 83 accredited modern industrial heritage sites in the city through typological analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and GIS spatial analysis. Two principal findings are identified. First, there is a diverse range of the post-1949 industrial heritage in China, by industries, time, and spatial forms. Particularly the industrial block—where industrial development is intermingled with the surrounding urban fabric—is the dominant spatial type. Second, the preservation and regeneration of China’s post-1949 industrial heritage in the suburbs are substantially more complex and more threatened than those in the inner city. This study concludes by providing implications for enhanced management and investigation of China’s post-1949 industrial heritage preservation and regeneration.

중국 경진당(京津唐) 지역 산업 이전적지(移轉跡地) 재생 전략 연구

This study aims to discover the implications through the analysis of the characteristics and design strategies of the regeneration of the post-industrial sites in the metropolitan the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region. This study provides a basis for future research and theoretical strengths for post-industrial site regeneration practices. The results of the study are as follows. First, post-industrial site regeneration projects pursue diverse goals such as industrial heritage preservation, cultural creativity, and neighborhood revitalization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region. Second, in the design process, the characteristics and spatial levels of the space are enhanced by utilizing the original industrial space, incorporating transitional space, and using industrial facilities of varying heights. Third, old and new landscape elements are harmoniously integrated through the rational use of industrial relics and the appropriate addition of new elements. Fourth, the design emphasizes ecological soil restoration and the use of native and adaptable plants that have the capacity to remediate polluted soil. Fifth, the design combines modern artistic elements, such as sculpture and graffiti art to enrich the site and promote the revival of the post-industrial site. Sixth, urban events and public activities are actively programmed to vitalize the regenerated site.

Revalorization of Industrial Heritage in Urban Agglomeration: the Case of Greater Ekaterinburg

The paper is focused on the problem of industrial heritage preservation and use in the cities forming Ekaterinburg agglomeration. Based on the concept of reflexive modernity, the authors emphasize the relevance of a systematic and multidisciplinary approach to the heritage related work, the dominance of human values and meanings over exclusively economic ones, the need to find the unique essence of each individual object that was once part of the global industrialization process. Processes of the industrial heritage revalorization in Greater Ekaterinburg are analyzed in the context of the transition from conservation to the actualization and rehabilitation of heritage. The study confirms that the success of the implemented solutions for the revitalization of former production sites directly correlates with their scale and complexity. The transition from the discreteness of isolated projects to environmental solutions multiplies the possibilities of revalorizing industrial objects, many of which are still underestimated in public consciousness. Using specific examples, the study characterizes the history and structure of the industrial heritage of Greater Ekaterinburg, focuses on the invariance of the core of the city-plants of the Urals and the peculiarities of the settlement system, presents the genesis and current state of projects for the revalorization of the industrial heritage in Ekaterinburg and the surrounding historical industrial centers.

The Application of Cluster Analysis and Scaling Analysis Methods for the Assessment of Dams in Terms of Heritage Preservation

ABSTRACT Heritage preservation is a broad topic that affects virtually all fields of human activity. One of them is industrial heritage which is, among others, represented by the construction of dams. The assessment of such constructions, which could be important from the point of view of heritage preservation and potentially be declared cultural monuments, should be based on the analysis and historical development of the particular society. It should reveal which constructions can be found in a selected area and how they are divided. Dams include hundreds of constructions. A professional heritage officer, who is to decide whether to process and submit a proposal for the inclusion of a dam in the list of cultural heritage, thus faces the problem of how to carry out the analysis effectively. This article describes a procedure for using both cluster analysis and scaling method to categorise a set of 119 dams to be able to identify exceptional, so-called iconic, structures. By comparing the selection of significant representatives of dams created by the application of the two methods, which proved to be appropriate in terms of the industrial heritage preservation, a majority concordance is reached.

Virtual Reconstruction of the Industrial Heritage: 3D-Reconstruction of the Architectural Appearance of Moscow Tryokhgorny Brewery Production Building at the Turn of the 19th Century

The article virtually reconstructs the historical appearance of Moscow Tryokhgorny Brewery production building in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Through the decades, Tryokhgorny Brewery held the leading position in the brewing industry of both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. This study describes virtual 3D-reconstruction methods applied, addresses the issue of using various source types (narrative, graphical and photographic materials) and considers the issue of data incompleteness. It briefly describes the history of Tryokhgorny Brewery and the subject of research and preservation of industrial heritage. The source base gathered led to the conclusion that its informative potential is enough for creating scientific virtual 3D-reconstruction. As a result, the renders of virtually reconstructed “Varnya” production building were created in Unreal Engine 4 software. In 2006 Tryokhgorny Brewery stopped working and turned into a possible industrial heritage object as its main buildings were constructed in the late 19th century. Historical research and virtual reconstruction of Tryokhgorny Brewery are specifically topical today because despite its importance as an object of industrial heritage it is in danger of complete destruction. .

Industrial heritage preservation and the urban revitalisation process in Belgrade

ABSTRACT Urban regeneration is often driven by economic interests, while the preservation of the meaning and memory of a place is neglected. This could be considered as a reason a series of civil initiatives emerged in Belgrade to prevent damage to the built heritage and to indicate the need for stronger citizen involvement in the city’s development processes. This paper will focus on the issues of the Belgrade waterfront industrial heritage protection process by exploring eleven case studies, observed through a framework that includes key actors in the protection process. In order to determine the level of citizen participation in this process, the degree of their activity was studied by analyzing the social media content through which they communicate about this particular topic. Furthermore, possibilities of different approaches in presentation and utilization of the abandoned industrial heritage will be investigated, in order to define common procedures that will be in line with the city development goals, citizen expectations and heritage protection measures.

Research Areas in Post-Mining – Experiences from German Hard Coal Mining

The German hard coal mining industry closed its last active mine at the end of the year 2018. The Research Institute for Post-Mining (FZN) at TH Georg Agricola University (THGA) in Bochum/Germany, has developed an integrated approach to meet the challenges of the post-mining era. Therefore, post-mining covers four research areas: Perpetual tasks and mine water management; Geomonitoring in post-mining; Material science for the preservation of industrial heritage; Reactivation and transition. 
 The institute is trying to fulfill central requirements of the UN to deal responsibly and sustainably with the resources of our planet. It plans to be a part of a national and international network in the interest of all social groups and the environment.

Post-Mining\u2014a Holistic Approach

The European climate and energy framework for 2030 is highlighting the reduction of man-made CO2 by increasing the use of renewable energy to mitigate climate change. In this spirit, Germany has decided to erase the coal use as an energy source by 2038 completely. Inevitably, this strategy promises a feasible, responsible, and sustainable post-mining management, because 200 years of coal mining have created numerous challenges necessary to tend to once the mining ends. Thus, the Research Institute for Post-Mining (FZN) at the TH Georg Agricola University in Bochum, Germany, has developed a holistic approach to meet these post-mining challenges including further expertise present at our university. Here, the four strategic research pillars are (1) technical geoecology and hydrogeology to avoid and mitigate risks underground, (2) geomonitoring to evaluate and protect the surface, (3) industrial heritage preservation and engineering to secure and reuse brownfields such as mine sites, and (4) economic transformation planning of mining regions to enable a prosper future for generations to come. In all efforts, we aim to achieve the fundamental goals of the UN to deal with the resources of our planet responsibly and sustainably. Furthermore, we are synergizing increasingly with national and international networks in the interest of social, economic, and environmental stakeholders.

Do edifício ao território: o patrimônio urbano industrial na trajetória do CONDEPHAAT (1968-2018)

A amplitude do conceito de patrimônio industrial, ratificada pela Carta de Nizhny Tagil (2003) e pelos Princípios de Dublin (2011), evidencia a dimensão urbana e territorial dos testemunhos da industrialização como um dos principais desafios a serem enfrentados pelas ações de preservação. Ao analisar uma seleção de processos de tombamento do CONDEPHAAT (Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico do Estado de São Paulo, órgão criado em 1968), identificamos, desde meados da década de 1970, uma paulatina percepção dessa dimensão urbana nos estudos voltados à preservação do patrimônio industrial, não obstante as dificuldades relacionadas aos limites do instrumento de tombamento, pensado originalmente para a tutela de edifícios considerados isoladamente. A partir da análise de uma seleção de processos de tombamento de bens industriais paulistas, este artigo pretende destacar a presença e a amplitude das menções à questão urbana e territorial ao longo da trajetória do CONDEPHAAT, evidenciando as formas de entendimento das relações urbanas inerentes ao patrimônio industrial em cada período histórico e as possibilidades de aprofundamento desse debate na atualidade.

CRITERIA FOR CONSERVATION OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

The relevance of the study is supported by the general trend of re-industrialization and the need to preserve the industrial heritage. The complexity of the task is conditioned by the lack of clear ideas about the industrial heritage perception. In contrast to historical and cultural cities, industrial cities are studied because of needs of industrialization in the 20th century and often are not of architectural value. Nevertheless, the prevailing architectural and industrial environment of medium-sized industrial cities of Siberia allows saving the population, genetically predetermines the development trends of urban planning and is a key element of the capitallabor ratio, not only in the industrial resettlement framework, but also as an independent unit. Historical, retrospective, morphological, graphoanalytical and other methods are used to identify the development scenarios of the architectural and industrial environment, its preservation mechanisms in terms of the Siberian region and cities with a population of 50 to 100 thousand people. The article presents the criteria for the preservation of industrial heritage formed on the programs of industrial heritage preservation and the analysis of the architectural and industrial environment of medium-sized industrial cities of Siberia.