Preservation Of Historic Structures Research Articles

Steel Structures Research Update: Innovative Steel Deck System for Highway Bridge Applications

Ongoing research on innovative steel bridge decks is highlighted. This study, currently under way at the University of Kansas, is led by Dr. William Collins, Associate Professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering. Dr. Collins’s research interests include fatigue and fracture of metallic structures; bridge design, fabrication, construction, and performance; and evaluation and preservation of historic structures. Among Dr. Collins’s accolades are the Robert J. Dexter Memorial Award, a Fulbright Scholar Award to conduct fracture mechanics research in Finland, and the AISC Milek Fellowship. The four-year Milek Fellowship is supporting this research on innovative steel deck systems for highway bridge applications—the first Milek Fellowship project to focus on bridges. Selected highlights from the work to date are presented, along with a preview of future research tasks.

A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) into the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)

The preservation of historic structures is a complex and evolving field that requires a delicate balance between traditional methods and modern technology. This paper presents a conceptual framework for integrating terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) into the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), bridging the gap between the past and the future. By examining the historical context of the HABS and the emerging potential of TLS, the paper explores the feasibility, effectiveness, and methodological considerations for incorporating this advanced technology into the standard heritage building documentation practice. The research is structured into four main chapters, each addressing a critical aspect of the integration process, from the proposal of the study to the development of guidelines for TLS data acquisition, processing, and management. The paper also delves into the selection of projects for case studies, the application of the framework, and a critical evaluation of its effectiveness. As a conceptual paper, it lays the foundation for a Ph.D. dissertation, offering a comprehensive roadmap for future research and practical implementation. The insights and guidelines provided in this paper aim to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and richness of heritage documentation, contributing to the broader field of heritage preservation and underscoring the importance of embracing technological advancements while honoring historical integrity.

Structural performance assessment before strengthening of historic Structures: A case study of the historical Şerafettin mosque in Turkey

Historical masonry structures are invaluable remnants of the past, representing significant cultural heritage within societies. However, the ravages of time and natural disasters have led to the collapse or severe deterioration of numerous structures worldwide. Therefore, safeguarding these structures and passing them down to future generations necessitates effective strengthening measures. In this purpose, evaluating the structural performance of existing buildings constitutes a crucial aspect of such preservation efforts. While numerous countries have conducted studies in this domain, no universally accepted method exists to date. This study focuses on assessing the structural performance of historical masonry structures prior to retrofitting interventions. Specifically, the Şerafettin Mosque, an architectural gem dating back to the late 12th century in Konya, was selected as a case study for strengthening. The performance evaluation process entailed seven key steps: (Step-1) Structural System Investigation, (Step-2) Damage Assessment Studies, (Step-3) Seismicity Analysis of the Region, (Step-4) Geotechnical Field Tests, (Step-5) Geotechnical Laboratory Tests, (Step-6) Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs), and (Step-7) Finite Element Analysis. This study highlights substantial contributions and novel findings resulting from a comprehensive analysis performed on a notable historical mosque. The precise examination of a significant historical structure emphasizes the exceptional importance and quality of this research. Additionally, a wide range of investigations were conducted on both the site and the building, with a strong emphasis on presenting these critical findings in a systematic manner. By incorporating these essential details, this study greatly contributes to the comprehension and preservation of historical structures, offering valuable insights for future research and conservation endeavors.

Preserving our heritage: A photogrammetry-based digital twin framework for monitoring deteriorations of historic structures

Preservation of historic structures is a global challenge for governments and site owners, as accumulated deteriorations could weaken the structural integrity. Recent advances in the digital twin in civil and infrastructure engineering have shown great promise in creating virtual models of a physical entity under time-varying physical states. Because of this unique feature, assessing time-varying structural deteriorations become feasible. This paper presents a novel methodological attempt of health monitoring for historic structures by integrating photogrammetry technologies and point cloud processing algorithms into a digital twin framework. To make this viable, virtual models of the physical structure at different inspection times are first created via photogrammetry technologies. Then, a bridge health monitoring method is established to align two virtual models together and further differentiate the changes provoked by structural deterioration. We validate the proposed methodology in a historic stone arch bridge for detecting multiple simulated structural deteriorations.

EVALUATION OF THE HISTORICAL İPLİKÇİ MOSQUE ACCORDING TO DBYBHY 2007 AND TBDY 2018 REGULATIONS

Preservation of historical structures that have survived from the past to the present and their sustainability; It is possible with education, knowledge and ongoing care. Historical buildings have been damaged over time due to natural and artificial reasons. However, thanks to the craftsmanship of the period in which they were built, they have managed to reach the present day. It is very important to examine the current conditions of these structures, to determine the damage, to choose the most appropriate technique for repair and strengthening, and to make the necessary intervention in a timely manner. In this study, the Historical İplikçi Mosque in Konya was modeled with the finite element model in the SAP 2000 program. On the model, earthquake resistant design rules and calculation methods were compared according to the Regulation on Buildings to be Constructed in Earthquake Zones (06/03/2007) and Turkey Building Earthquake Regulation (18/03/2018). As a result of the study, it was seen that the calculation methods used with TBDY 2018 and the rules to be followed have changed and new building types were added. As a result of the analyzes obtained from the examined structure, it was seen that the structure did not meet the DBYBHY 2007 principles, but the TBDY 2018 principles.

Jedan pristup inovacijama u obrazovanju - iskustva sa Univerziteta Džemal Bijedić u Mostaru

Teaching sustainability and resilience on the level of both materials and structure is today's imperative for a more environmentally friendly tomorrow, but also for the enrichment of human life and preservation of historical structures. Re-examining sustainability in its reverence for pre-existing structures, conceiving projects by first taking inventory of what already exists, has become the starting point of defining research cases for students in the past few years at the Džemal Bijedić University of Mostar's Civil Engineering Faculty. The paper presents the approach developed and work done in the past several years, mainly within two subjects at the Civil Engineering Faculty. The developed methodological approach was based on the combination of the knowledge creation and case-based learning method. Case studies are always based on heritage buildings. The aim of the approach is to teach how to find an opportunity of doing more with existing structures, and argues their future use and possibilities for improvement, upgrade and re-use. Demolishment is a decision of easiness and has a major impact on the history and identity of the city and its community. Therefore, it is our task to search for various conservation approaches in order to preserve the city's layers and provide progress.

Design and Development of Concretes for Special Rehabilitation Tasks

The requirements for concrete restoration are not only aspects of retrofitting or restoration of bearing capacity but also aspects of preservation of historic structures, such as industrial monuments or civil engineering structures and buildings of the 1960s [1]. Thereby the facsimile replication of the concrete surface is a particular challenge. For the manufacture of delicate and complex structures with restricted accessibility self-compacting concrete (SCC) is well suited [2]. A modification with polymers normally ensures the durability of repair mortars or concretes (PCC) [3]. The combination of PCC and SCC to the Polymer-modified Self-Compacting Concrete (PSCC) for the restoration of historic concrete constructions is the logical consequence, to combine the advantages of both materials and is therefore an interesting alternative to well established materials and methods. Historic concrete constructions are often manufactured of concretes with very stiff consistencies, the so called tamped concretes. So there is a need to develop materials and methods for the rehabilitation of structures made of tamped concrete. For this reason, first investigations have been performed to the recipe development and optimization of its composition, but also properties, furthermore to the design possibilities and how polymers influence the concrete properties. In Germany between 1920 and 1970 industrial buildings and hydraulic structures have been built with concretes, where the content of Portland cement clinker was nearly complete substituted by latent hydraulic materials. The binders of those concretes contain large quantities of blast furnace slag and calcium sulphate and are called super-sulphated cement (SSC). Because of the high sulphate content, the compatibility of concrete structure with SSC is not given to concretes or mortars with other cements. If there is an adequate range of moisture, harmful new formations of phases will occur in the contact zone between SSC-concrete and the other concrete. In the field of rehabilitation PCC are well established. These are polymer-modified mortars or concretes with Portland cement, which are not suitable for the rehabilitation of structures of SSC-concrete. An alternative is the polymer-modification of SSC-concretes with polymers.

History as an Instrument in the Development of Historical Danish Villages

A central contemporary societal discussion in Denmark concerns settlements that have poor connectivity and are geographically distant to main towns and cities. These settlements are called “outskirts.” Historically significant villages in these outskirts are being transformed in order to counteract a general destitution of decrepit houses and public spaces. This research article explains the relationship between spatial alterations and the inherent historical structures these villages contain. The article analyses three student projects and examines how they relate to and gain from history in the development plans for a concrete exemplary case village in Denmark. The projects represent various ways in which the past is conceived and applied to the suggested concepts. The different approaches to history found in the student projects call for an open-minded position towards the assessment of historical structures worthy of preservation when operating in a generic context such as the Danish villages. Further, the students’ prioritisation of preservation of historical structures and phenomena alters from the analysis phase to the project development phase. This observation questions the traditional practice of developing plans based on a predefined analysis of heritage and suggests that heritage assessment be separated from project development.

Et universitetsområde for fremtiden - Nygårdshøyden i Bergen. 1960-årenes ambisjoner, og ettertiden som tok dem ned

<p>The article investigates the development of a central area in the city of Bergen from the mid 1960s onwards, called Nygårdshøyden. Lying between two harbour areas, Puddefjorden and Vågen, this topographic ridge was pointed out for necessary university expansion. The architectural firm Andersson & Skjånes’ ambitious plans for a university campus which would totally eradicate the existing urban structure, was approved by the municipal government and the university administration. </p><p>New, effective and flexible building systems had been introduced at university campuses all over the world. In Bergen, some of the buildings originally planned as academic centres were erected according to the plan by Andersson & Skjånes. Others were modified and adapted to changing architectural ideals. The present situation shows clearly how the critique of huge-scale, late-modern architecture had an impact on further developments. Economic and aesthetic aspects combined with an increasing demand for the preservation of historical structures led to modifications of the huge master plans. The dynamics of inserting new architecture into historic neighbourhoods also represent advantages on different levels, creating a diversity of spaces and volumes.</p><p>The proximity of the university area to the city centre and its urban features represents a quality for students and employees. In the end, large parts of the street pattern of the university area were kept, corresponding with the rest of the city’s building structure. A substantial part of the existing buildings of the area were transformed and adapted to university needs, and new buildings have been raised partly as infill and extension projects. In this way, the planning and development of Nygårdshøyden can tell us a lot about urban development and changing ideals through the last 50 years. In addition, as always when we are looking back, we see that priorities and criteria for preservation or demolition of existing urban structures change all the time.</p>

Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Effects of FRP Reinforced Masonry Vaults

An increasing interest in the preservation of historic structures has produced a need for new methods for reinforcing curved masonry structures, such as arches and vaults. These structures are generally very ancient, have geometries and materials which are poorly defined and have been exposed to long-term historical movements and actions. Consequently, they are often in need of repair or reinforcement. This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out in the laboratory and during on-site testing to investigate the behaviour of brick masonry vaults under dynamic loading strengthened with FRPs (Fiber Reinforced Polymers). For the laboratory tests, the brick vaults were built with solid sanded clay bricks and weak mortar and were tested under dynamic loading. The experimental tests were designed to facilitate analysis of the dynamic behaviour of undamaged, damaged and reinforced vaulted structures. On-site tests were carried out on an earthquake-damaged thin brick vault of an 18th century aristocratic residence in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. The provision of FRP reinforcement is shown to re-establish elastic behavior previously compromised by time induced damage in the vaults.

Restoration of Historic Concrete Structures with Modern Materials - A Case Study

Today the requirements for concrete restoration are not only aspects of retrofitting or restoration of bearing capacity but increasingly aspects of preservation of historic structures, such as industrial monuments, civil engineering structures and buildings of the 60s. The Polymer modified self-compacting concrete (PSCC) is a suitable material to be applied in this field, as it not only has excellent mechanical properties (e.g. high bond strength, low Young's modulus) but it is also possible to imitate colours and textures similar to those of the original surfaces. PSCC is therefore an interesting alternative to well established materials, such as PCC, sprayable PCC (SPCC) and shotcrete.Presented in this paper are the results of the further development of PSCC for a particular scenario where due to limited accessibility, the application method and therefore the mix design had to be optimised. Characteristic fresh and hardened concrete properties were investigated and special attention was given to deviation of the fresh concrete with regard to variations in the amounts of source materials.It is shown that although PSCC is a high-performance material, dosage of its source materials, mixing and application of the material itself can be done with simple conventional building site equipment. At the same time a robust fresh concrete as well as excellent surface properties of the hardened concrete can be obtained. Purpose-made mix designs can be developed for various applications with excellent results in performance and appearance.

Urban Riverfront Management

The plight of the rivers in India is pathetic, especially in the cities. Rivers flowing through the cities arepolluted and filthy. They have become dumping grounds for waste. Therefore the health of the citizens is atrisk.Rivers are modified to a great extent by constructing dams, channelization, changes in the flow etc. Thisresults in loss of their ecosystem functioning and natural services to man. The services given by the riverinclude fresh water source, fishing, washing, swimming, sand as a raw material for construction, and manymore. The esthetic use and relaxation on the river banks is an intangible service but important to thecommon man. All these services given by river are free of cost.Present situation demands immediate attention to improve conditions of rivers. The solution is restoringthe natural river system and re-developing river fronts sites based on ecological considerations. Thisinvolves stream channels, stream buffers and banks restoration. The restored river system contributes to ahealthier environment and improves conditions for stream related human activities.Typical plans for redevelopment of a river front are integrated and mixed-use, including public amenitiessuch as parks, trails, cultural attractions like open theatre, wildlife watch-towers, preservation of historicstructures like ghats and temples, and commercial establishments. However, the health of the river itself willnot be restored if the following factors are ignored: alternative solutions for sewage, improvement in waterquality, restoration of vegetation and habitats within the river and along its banks. In the redevelopment,access to river bank for common man is also an important element.Such successful examples are so far seen in American and European cities. It is now high time to haveholistic environmental planning in India.

Wireless sensor network to monitor an historic structure under rehabilitation

The preservation of the history of the United States through its significant buildings is critical; however, this initiative is currently threatened due to the modernization of the nation’s infrastructure. If a fast and cost-effective way to monitor the condition of a historic structure existed, many more structures could be rehabilitated for modern uses while preserving the important historic content. Widely accessible wireless sensor network (WSN) technology could be a great asset to the preservation of historic structures in the future. The main objectives of this work are to develop a reliable WSN that is tailored for use in historic structures, and to implement the system in a structure undergoing rehabilitation. The structure considered is an historic wooden church in which the foundation requires replacement. Sensors will monitor tilt of the church’s walls throughout construction. During the construction process, the entire floor of the church is removed and the tree stump foundations are replaced by concrete masonry unit (CMU) blocks and steel pedestals. The tilt in the walls is correlated to the construction process. Through this research, it can be seen that the WSN is an effective tool for structural monitoring in historic preservation.

Evaluation of the Structural Safety of Historical Masonry Buildings

Structural stability problems due to the formation of cracks and local collapses are the governing criteria for the structural safety of historical masonry buildings. The character of these cracks can be studied by numerical analysis. Analytical studies of the structural preservation of historical structures have two aspects. Firstly, structural demand should be determined by a decisive structural analysis. Second, the strength capacity of the structural elements must be evaluated. A comparison of these two concluding stages results in the determination of the “ratio of safety.” In this paper, several steps of analytical study are proposed to evaluate the safety level of historical structures. Structural demand of any given structure can be determined by using finite element analysis, which can be used to single out the vulnerable parts of the structure. Then, an analytical method can be derived to calculate the strength capacity of these structural elements. In this method, the interaction relationship between bending moment and the axial force is generated by using the material properties of masonry. To illustrate the methods, a case study is performed on the Yivli Minaret in Antalya, Turkey, originally part of a Byzantine church converted into a mosque in 1230, and one of the oldest examples of multicupola construction in Anatolia.

House, home, family: living and being Chinese

Drawing on the work of leading scholars in the fields of anthropology, architecture, art, art history, geography, and history, House Home Family explores and analyzes the functional, social, and symbolic attributes of Chinese dwellings. It goes beyond generalization to clarify the diverse nature of house, home, and family in China, exploring such topics as the Chinese garden as an integral part of living, house-building ritual and fengshui, architectural aesthetics, the inter-relatedness of furniture and architecture, preservation of historical structures, the structure and development of the family (fla), gender and household space, the role of lineage in the construction of ritual and social space, the function and meaning of the architectural division of space, and domestic space and privacy. The Chinese house, the elementary space in which a family lives and works, resonates the tensions between continuity and innovation that characterize China today. As a dynamic instrument of socialization and a domain of propriety, its inner and outer spaces as well as ornamentation and ritual helped shape the identity of the Chinese and simultaneously serve as a reflection of this identity. This inaugural volume in the series Spatial Habitus: Making and Meaning in Asia's Vernacular Architecture contains over 500 illustrations, most in color and including a number of rare drawings that demonstrate the richness of domestic architecture and living patterns in traditional and contemporary China. Through its exploration of how Chinese families are organized and why Chinese construct their living spaces the way they do, this carefully researched, convincingly argued, and refreshingly insightful book yields a deeper and wider understanding of what it means to live and be Chinese.

Quincy's Market: a Boston landmark

A bustling commercial center and favorite tourist attraction on Boston's historic waterfront, Quincy Market, the popular name for Faneuil Hall Marketplace, draws throngs of visitors to the magnificent granite buildings and cobblestone concourses that house the area's specialty shops, restaurants, boutiques, pushcarts, and food stalls. Yet few are aware of the rich heritage of this legendary public place and its importance in the history of Boston and the nation. In this elegantly written and lavishly illustrated work, John Quincy, Jr., tells the absorbing story of the Market's unique evolution over the centuries. Beginning with John Winthrop's landing at the Great Cove on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630, Quincy weaves together a remarkable tapestry of the district's rise, fall, and rebirth. He describes how the site was transformed from open field courts that supplied food stuffs to the early settlers in the town of Boston, to a maze of haphazard wharves, alleys, and buildings, to the permanent market house and town hall generously donated by Peter Faneuil in 1742. By the end of the eighteenth century, the area had lapsed into decay and Boston's means of provisioning its rapidly growing population was in a state of chaos. In the 1820s, visionary Josiah Quincy, Boston's second mayor and the author's descendant, proposed the unprecedented and highly controversial redevelopment of the dilapidated, congested, and noisome Market Square. Drawing on a treasure trove of historical, architectural, and anecdotal material from family papers, the author chronicles in lively detail how Mayor Quincy successfully spearheaded the massive project, a masterpiece of civic design and accomplishment that served as Boston's chief wholesale food distribution center for the next 125 years. By the early 1950s, Quincy Market had once again deteriorated, spurring plans for demolition. The book concludes with an account of how civic leaders reversed their thinking about the preservation of historic structures, and describes how a coalition of federal, state, city, and private agencies restored the market buildings and nearby streets to their nineteenth century grandeur, re-opening the new Faneuil Hall Marketplace in the late-1970s. Boston residents, tourists, and historians will delight in this engaging portrait of a beloved American landmark.

Analysis of masonry arches and vaults

AbstractA growing interest in the preservation of historic structures has created a need for methods for the analysis of load‐bearing unreinforced masonry structures, such as arches, vaults, and buttresses. Although the plasticity methods, first applied to medieval structures in detail by Heyman, provide a useful and intuitive approach to the understanding of the behaviour of masonry arches and vaults, their usefulness in performing actual assessments of such structures has limitations. The constitutive laws of the materials used in masonry structures are not always amenable to accurate treatment by the rigid–plastic simplification, and the complexity of many vaulted masonry structures makes the application of these methods difficult. Moreover, empirical studies have shown that these structures may be subject to three‐dimensional effects that are not entirely addressed by the application of plastic or elastic analysis in two dimensions. Progress has been made recently in the development of constitutive laws for ancient masonry structures and in the application of these to the analysis of unreinforced masonry structural systems. Various formulations of three‐dimensional finite element analysis, including discrete element methods, and plasticity methods have also proven useful.

Architecture: APT/AIC New Orleans charter for the joint preservation of historic structures and artifacts

Architecture: APT/AIC New Orleans charter for the joint preservation of historic structures and artifacts

Historic preservation and tax incentives: The US experience

ffAB~~A~~~~~. Vol. Y, No. I. pp. 1%24.1985 In recent years, the US Government has enacted several major legislative programmes to stimulate the preservation of historic structures and to encourage community revitalisation activity. The legislation, following years of neglect of our historic resources, aimed to reverse the imbalance in the US tax codes that had previously favoured new construction over rehabilitation efforts. The first major legislative initiative involved the enactment of the ~~tjo~~Z ~istor~cu~ ~reserv~t~o~ Act in 1966. The act established a decentralised structure of State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) to promote the retention and reuse of historic structure under the purview of the Federal Department of the Interior. SHPO programmes, involving primarily review and technical assistance activities, included survey and inventory of historic structures, public info~ation and education, environmental review, and administrative activities. Although the programmes were helpful, they lacked sufficient financial incentives to have a significant effect on historic preservation efforts. The US Congress has attempted to remedy this situation by including historic preservation provisions in both the Tax Reform Acts of 1976 and the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981. Although both acts contain significant tax incentives to promote preservation, there has been little systematic investigation of their overall effects. The few national studies that have been conducted (Department of the Interior, 1982) have contained insufficient detail to adequately evaluate the land use, construction and community effects of the legislation. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to examine the overall impacts of the two major US tax initiatives to promote historic preservation in the hope that other nations may benefit from our experiences. Although both acts share the overall goal of promoting preservation, their specific provisions have resulted in significantly different community impacts. This article, therefore, examines the impacts by using national data and also case studies from the state of Georgia. The case study approach allows us to take advantage of such micro-data as floor area, original and new use of structures and extent of federal and state financial involvement in projects, that is not systematically available on a national basis. The study is organised into four parts. First, the provisions of the two major tax acts are reviewed and their known impacts evaluated. Second, the effects of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 are analysed based on a random sample of projects submitted for SHPO review in the state of Georgia from 1977 to 1982. Third, a similar investigation of projects and their effects under the Economic Recovery Tax of 1982 is undertaken. Conclusions and recommendations are presented in the final section.

Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World

This book outlines a complete programme for the restoration and preservation of historic structures and historic sites throughout the world. It is a basic text for both the novice entering the field and the specialist. Dr Fitch covers the many disciplines, concepts and technologies needed by the preservationist. He also includes discussions of the economic, legal and legislative forces acting upon historic district planning. He provides useful information on how old buildings can be moved (either intact or disassembled) to new sites via truck, rail or barge; how to heat, cool and light old buildings and still maintain the aesthetic integrity of their interiors; and how a country can develop a comprehensive policy for the care of its artistic and historic heritage.