Preservation Of Cultural Objects Research Articles

Выставочное пространство российских музеев как объект культуры

The article examines the exhibition space of Russian museums of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods as an object of culture. Emphasis is placed on its importance in shaping and reflecting social values, and the evolution of exhibition spaces, design elements, and the role they play in presenting, interpreting, and preserving cultural heritage are examined. The discussion covers the layout, interconnection and functionality of the various zones inside the museum. The tasks in designing architectural and artistic solutions for museum complexes are perhaps one of the most difficult in environmental design. Here it is necessary to take into account functionality, ergonomics, aesthetics, subordinating them to the general concept of the museum complex, considering the regularity of the location of objects, the movement of visitor flows, the zoning of space, taking into account the safety and preservation of cultural objects. The article highlights the design features of the museum space of the XX–XXI centuries, taking into account historical changes, political realities, stylistic trends and trends in art.

Digitalisation of Archive Funds, Museum and Library Collections as a Factor of the Preservation of the National Cultural Heritage of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to analyse the problems of protection and rescue of cultural objects, in particular, to determine the role of digitisation of archival funds, museum and library collections as a factor of the preservation of national cultural heritage. The methodological basis of the research consists of general scientific and special methods of studying the problem, the use of which made it possible to achieve the goal. The applied methods made it possible to outline the problems of protection and rescue of cultural objects, in particular, to determine the role of digitisation of archival funds, museum and library collections. The principle of historicism, which involves considering any phenomenon in its self-development under the influence of various factors, became the main one. The historical-systemic method is aimed at the analysis of society as a whole and transformations within it, caused by changes in the political, cultural and informational and communication space. Quantitative methods were used to process the results of analytical studies, as well as to diagnose the studied phenomena, in particular, to present digitised collections in the network and rank them according to the purpose of digitisation. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the expansion of ideas about the scale of digitisation of archival funds, museum and library collections, its role in the preservation of cultural objects. Thanks to the research carried out by the authors, projects, scientific and popular scientific events are presented, the purpose of which was to discuss the problems of loss, rescue and protection of the national cultural heritage of Ukraine. The authors state that the problems of preservation of cultural values, transfer, promotion and development of cultural heritage in Ukraine are now issues of national security. Conclusions. The research have proved that the implementation of information technologies and large-scale digitization are becoming absolutely necessary for modern archives, libraries and museums, have great significance and are carried out in order to ensure accessibility, preservation and dissemination of knowledge and cultural heritage. Keywords: digitisation, archival fund, museum and library collection, national cultural heritage.

Влияние государственно-частного партнерства на решение проблем развития культуры в России

One of the factors in achieving the national development goals of Russia is the level of cultural development. The current state of culture is characterized by the presence of organizational and managerial, logistical, financial, economic and socio-labor problems. An important role in solving these problems is played by public-private partnership (hereinafter – PPP), through which the resources and competencies of business representatives are attracted for the creation and preservation of cultural objects. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of PPP on solving urgent problems of cultural development in Russia. The conducted research allowed us to draw conclusions about the positive effect (social, economic, cultural and educational) of the use of PPP in the field of culture and its direct connection with a comprehensive system for ensuring such a partnership, including regulatory, organizational, managerial, logistical and other elements. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the principles of PPP in the field of culture (legality, unification, distribution, and others). Practical measures have been developed aimed at improving these results in the future (eliminating the shortage of ready-to-launch PPP projects, ensuring the coincidence of interests and opportunities of potential participants in PPP projects, achieving a balance between measures encouraging business representatives to invest in the field of culture, and restrictions in the implementation of projects PPP). The work uses analysis, synthesis, observation and other methods. The research materials can be used in making decisions on the development of the cultural sphere in Russia on the basis of PPP.

MEĐUNARODNOPRAVNA ZAŠTITA KULTURNE BAŠTINE DUBOKOG PODMORJA – IMA LI SPASA “TITANICU”?

The paper aims to demonstrate that contemporary international law has solutions to offer when it comes to protecting the cultural heritage in maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction, i.e. in the International Seabed Area. In this context, the author also specifically considers issues regarding the protection of RMS Titanic’s wreck, as a cultural heritage site significant to the whole of humankind. In the first part, the paper analyses the rules of international law applicable to the protection and preservation of cultural objects in the International Seabed Area. The analysis commences with the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which only partially regulated the protection of the underwater cultural heritage. In addition, the paper researches in detail into the international legal mechanisms as provided for by the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Finally, the author examines the possibility of applying the protection regime according to the UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The second part of the paper focuses on the international legal situation regarding the protection of Titanic’s wreck. Besides analysing the most important provisions of the special 2003 Agreement concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic, which is not yet in force, the author reviews the prospects of applying the universal conventions discussed in the first part of the paper and also seeks to assess the effectiveness of the mechanisms at hand in assuring the protection of this valuable cultural object.

Monitoring Systems for Local Historical Natural–Technical Systems (HNTS) as a Basis for Measures for Long-Term Preservation of Cultural Objects

Examples of the development of monitoring systems are considered for the case of local historical natural–technical systems of various classification levels. The authors’ scheme of classification of local HNTSs is given. The classification is aimed to systematize the diverse data on various HNTSs to form a single interrelated system basing on common principal features. Monitoring systems of local HNTSs of the Borodino Battlefield, Old Ryazan City, and Rostov Kremlin are used as examples to demonstrate their relevancy for solving problems of the complex of protection measures.

Understanding, Respect, and Collaboration in Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Conservator's Developing Perspective

Attitudes appear to be changing in the museum world about the preservation of cultural objects and of the cultures to which these objects are connected. The intangible nature of cultural objects is being addressed and is seen as equal in importance to, or in some cases greater, than an object's tangible nature. This significant trend in cultural heritage preservation is increasingly evident in professional conferences, publications, and discussions, and is beginning to have an impact on preservation methodologies. It is affecting the way preservation professionals approach their work and manage collections. Understanding, respect, and collaboration are more important than ever in carrying out work. Understanding all aspects of the nature of the significance of objects, respecting an object's intangible as well as tangible nature, and collaborating in a meaningful way with the cultural groups to which the items are connected are playing an increasingly prominent role. In this article I shall address a few of the insights I have gained regarding cultural heritage preservation. I will talk about cultural considerations in the care of objects, particularly those of indigenous people, and the questions these considerations raise for all of us who are charged with the protection of cultural heritage. Because I shall be discussing cultures different from mine, I will use the voices of people from those various cultures as much as possible. My examples will be mostly American Indian, but I shall refer in more general terms to other cultures as well. Of course the specific practices of different cultures vary, but the considerations and issues these practices raise are similar. I would like to acknowledge at the outset the American Indian people who provided gracious and [End Page 275] patient guidance to me and whose wisdom is reflected in many of the words quoted.

Paper: Managing Digital Image Repositories as Key Tools in the Preservation of Cultural Objects

A number of preservation efforts are currently under way to develop standardized digital repositories of images and information about cultural objects. At opposite ends of the size spectrum are the Fiber Reference Imaging Library and the World Trade Center Archive digital repositories. Both contain images on fragile objects, both in terms of structural integrity and vulnerability from exposure to uncontrolled environments. At the micro level, to address the needs of textile conservation and research efforts worldwide, the textile community has begun planning for the establishment of a digital repository of textile fibers, for search, access and retrieval by textile conservationists and scientists worldwide. With standardized metadata elements based on the Dublin Core metadata elements; this repository can provide important artifact information for a range of microscopic textile fibers. At the extreme macro level, the 9/11 archive includes an image and information repository of rusting steel columns, large complex composite structures, crushed vehicles, and the Last Column, the final steel support column with large amounts of ephemera attached, such as paper memorabilia, photos, and personal items. These digital repositories of cultural objects pose many digital management challenges, including: Metadata, content and rights management, access and retrieval.

Robust simultaneous registration of multiple range images comprising a large number of points

AbstractAs part of a project for the electronic preservation of cultural objects, this paper proposes a new technique for position alignment of multiple range images. In particular, the study focuses on accuracy of alignment and robustness to noise in the input data. Using the conjugate gradient method based on the M‐estimator, simultaneous alignment is performed by minimization of an error function that handles all range images at the same time. Furthermore, for more efficient and more accurate search for matching points, the KD‐tree data structure is utilized, and additional attributes such as the laser reflection brightness and the brightness of the three‐dimensional point itself are introduced into the error measure. This paper proposes such a method and presents the results of experiments with real data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 87(8): 61–74, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20109