Present Trends Research Articles

BS O05 Resource impacts of bariatric surgery emergencies on the NHS: a 5-year review from a regional bariatric centre

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is a safe and highly effective treatment for obesity. Whilst the risks of surgery are generally low, emergency presentations can be extremely challenging to manage, particularly in a cohort with complex health needs. In the UK, a large proportion of cases are undertaken outside of the NHS. Little is known about the burden that an indeterminate volume of elective cases has on a publicly funded healthcare system which may need to adapt to better care for this group. This study aimed to explore this topic further by understanding the changing trends of emergency care for bariatric surgery patients. Methods This was a retrospective review of all consecutive non-elective (NE) attendances and admissions between January 2018 and April 2023. The setting was a regional bariatric and metabolic surgery centre with a dedicated bariatric on-call service serving a regional population in the North-West of England. Patient demographics, data on index procedures, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions as well as length of hospital stay (LOS) and intensive therapy unit (ITU) stay was collected. Changing trends in presentations and resource utilization were explored. Results 373 NE episodes resulted in 4311 bed day occupancy; 76% had privately funded surgery accounting for 66.5% of total bed days. Median LOS was 5 days (IQR 2-11). 29 episodes resulted in 176 ITU bed days (median 4 days). Band-related complications were the most frequent cause of episodes (167) versus gastric bypass (104) and gastric sleeve (88). Median time from index procedure was 5 years IQR (2-11). 397 fluoroscopies and 365 CT-scans were undertaken in addition to 270 interventions (186 surgical; 30 radiological; 26 bedside deflations and 28 endoscopic). There was a three-fold increase in episodes between 2021 and 2022. Conclusions Non-elective episodes related to bariatric surgery can occur many years after the index procedure and result in the use of significant diagnostic, therapeutic and system resource. Our results suggest that the landscape of emergency bariatric surgery is changing with more cases that result in greater complex management needs. Most NE episodes are a result of privately funded surgery (likely as a response to limited access in the NHS) which have contributed to this increased resource use. These changes have serious implications for service delivery and design in the NHS which needs to rapidly adapt to these needs.

Trends in Spinal Orthosis Utilization Among Patients Insured Through Medicare Part B.

Retrospective population-based database analysis from the Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Medicare/Medicaid Data Set. To provide a comprehensive analysis of trends in spinal orthosis utilization over a 12-year period. Widespread prescription of spinal orthosis persists, despite evidence suggesting equivocal efficacy in many spinal conditions. The utilization of spinal orthosis on a national level, including prescribing specialty data, has not been previously analyzed. Health care common procedure coding system codes for cervical (CO), thoracic-lumbar-sacral (TLSO), lumbar (LO), lumbar-sacral (LSO), and cervical-thoracic-lumbar-sacral (CTLSO) orthosis were used to determine spinal orthosis utilization from 2010 to 2021. Provider specialty codes were utilized to compare trends between select specialties. In addition, a neurosurgical CO analysis based on subclassifications of cervical bracing was performed. Linear trendlines were implemented to elucidate and present trends by slope (β). Among 332,241 claims, decreases in CO (β=-0.3387), TLSO (β=-0.0942), LO (β=-0.3485), and LSO (β=-0.1545) per 100,000 Medicare Part B enrollees and CTLSO (β=-0.052) per 1,000,000 Medicare Part B enrollees were observed. Decreases among neurosurgery (β=-7.9208), family medicine (β=-1.0097), emergency medicine (β=-2.1958), internal medicine (β=-1.1151), interventional pain management (β=-5.0945), and chiropractic medicine (β=-49.012), and increases among orthopedic surgery (β=5.5891), pain management (β=30.416), physical medicine and rehabilitation (β=4.6524), general practice (β=79.111), and osteopathic manipulative medicine (β=45.303) in total spinal orthosis use per 100,000 specialty claims were observed. Analysis of subclassifications of cervical orthosis among neurosurgeons revealed decreases in flexible (β=-1.7641), semirigid (β=-0.6157), and collar bracing (β=-2.7603), and an increase in multipost collar bracing (β=2.2032) per 100 neurosurgical cervical orthosis claims. While utilization of spinal orthosis decreased between 2010 and 2021, increased utilization was observed among a subset of specialties. Identifying these specialties allows for focused research and educational efforts to minimize unnecessary durable medical equipment use for effective health care spending.

Diagnosis of Carcinogenic Pathologies through Breath Biomarkers: Present and Future Trends.

The assessment of volatile breath biomarkers has been targeted with a lot of interest by the scientific and medical communities during the past decades due to their suitability for an accurate, painless, non-invasive, and rapid diagnosis of health states and pathological conditions. This paper reviews the most relevant bibliographic sources aiming to gather the most pertinent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) already identified as putative cancer biomarkers. Here, a total of 265 VOCs and the respective bibliographic sources are addressed regarding their scientifically proven suitability to diagnose a total of six carcinogenic diseases, namely lung, breast, gastric, colorectal, prostate, and squamous cell (oesophageal and laryngeal) cancers. In addition, future trends in the identification of five other forms of cancer, such as bladder, liver, ovarian, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer, through perspective volatile breath biomarkers are equally presented and discussed. All the results already achieved in the detection, identification, and quantification of endogenous metabolites produced by all kinds of normal and abnormal processes in the human body denote a promising and auspicious future for this alternative diagnostic tool, whose future passes by the development and employment of newer and more accurate collection and analysis techniques, and the certification for utilisation in real clinical scenarios.

Nepal’s School Education: Insights of Basic Education in Bagmati Province

Nepal has made significant progress in school education after 1990s. The government of Nepal has been working towards improving access to school education and enhancing the quality education across the country. Regarding the status of school education, this study has been conducted to examine the present growth trends of school education focusing on basic education in Nepal. For this, descriptive research design has been applied to analyze the data. As per the education policy changes, there has found the significance improvement in net enrolment at basic and primary education, expansion of number of schools and skill development of human resources. The study demands that Nepal needs to bring reality base school education policy for better improving school education quality and provide cent percent school education to all school children.

Abstract 17945: Characterization and Treatment of Primary Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Last Three Decades

Introduction: Cardiac rhabdomyosarcomas are rare, aggressive neoplasms comprising 5% of cardiac sarcomas overall. Due to the low prevalence, there is little consensus on the appropriate identification and treatment of this condition. This research aims to characterize trends in the clinical presentation of the disease and identify improvements for therapeutic management. Methods: A literature review was conducted by identifying cases of primary cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma published in English to PubMed between 1993 and 2023 and available via the SUNY Downstate Library. Studies were analyzed for patient demographics, clinical course, treatment, and recovery. Results: The analysis included 31 identified cases. Most cases were reported in male (52%) adults (87%) with an average age of 44 (STD: 21). Patients frequently presented with dyspnea (59%) and cardiac issues (52%), including chest pain (19%) and conduction disorders (19%). Tumors were detected via echocardiogram (79%) and CT (18%) and frequently left-sided (60%), with the most cases arising in the left atrium (47%). There was valvular involvement in 43% of cases. Surgery was performed in 86% of patients, of which 33% were fully resected via sternotomy and 13% were cardiac transplants for unresectable tumors. 56% of patients survived at 12 months follow-up. Surgical management was combined with chemotherapy (46%), such as the VAC regimen (40%), and radiation (14%), which improved patient 1-year mortality by 26%. 26% of patients developed recurrence of the primary tumor and 42% of patients developed metastatic disease; osseous metastases (38%) were the most common. 13% of patients had a prior history of cancer. Conclusions: The rare rhabdomyosarcoma may present as a middle-aged patient with dyspnea and cardiac concerns refractive to standard management. A left atrial mass mimicking a benign lesion such as a myxoma may be seen on echocardiogram, and suspicious lesions should undergo surgical resection to relieve symptoms and confirm the diagnosis. Supplementation of surgical management using chemotherapy and radiation may improve outcomes in patients. Clinicians should closely monitor the patient for osseous and lung metastases. A prior history of cancer may be a risk factor for the disease.

Sustainable tourism and sustainable development goals (SDGs): a state-of-the-art review of past, present, and future trends

Sustainable tourism and sustainable development goals (SDGs): a state-of-the-art review of past, present, and future trends

Abstract 057: Recent Trends and Outcomes of Hospital Transfer for Endovascular Stroke Treatment in U.S.

Introduction Optimal triage strategies for patients suspected of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion remains debated. Whereas secondary analyses from randomized trials have demonstrated no differences in thrombectomy outcomes in transferred vs direct presentation strokes (1‐2), several registry based cohorts reported worse functional outcomes in those with transferred presentation mode (3‐4). We explored the US national claims database to explore trends in presentation (transferred vs direct presentation) and their outcomes for EVT hospitalizations using a nationally representative sample. Methods National Inpatient Sample database was retrospectively explored from 2016 to 2020 for stroke hospitalizations with EVT. Outcomes were compared for EVT hospitalizations with direct vs transferred presentation at discharge. Outcomes included favorable discharge disposition (home without assistance); in‐hospital mortality; and radiographic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Results Among 100,865 admissions with EVT, 32,685 (32.4%) presented following hospital transfer for thrombectomy. The utilization of EVT in US nearly doubled during between 2017 to 2020, and the proportion of in‐hospital transfer for EVT remained unchanged during this period. White race, higher baseline NIHSS, hospital size and status (urban teaching vs rural), and hospital location were independent predictors of transferred status for EVT. Transferred status was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of achieving favorable outcome (OR: 0.80, CI: [0.72, 0.89], P<0.001) and a higher likelihood of ICH (1.18 [1.07, 1.31], P=0.001), whereas no differences were observed in early mortality following transferred vs direct presentation mode (1.07 [0.93, 1.23], P=0.33). Conclusion Nearly one in 3 EVTs in US is performed in patients presenting following transfer from another acute care hospital. Transferred presentation status was associated with worse clinical outcomes following EVT in a real‐world setting. Future studies are needed to determine the optimal triage strategies for patients suspected of harboring large vessel occlusion strokes.

Epidemiology and survival outcomes of HIV-associated cervical cancer in Nigeria.

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is an HIV-associated cancer that is preventable and precancerous stages including early ICC stages could be detected through screening offering opportunities for treatment and cure. The high incidence in women living with HIV and late presentation often at advanced stages of ICC with limited treatment facilities often result in early mortality. We sought to compare the epidemiologic characteristics and survival differences in HIV status of ICC patients in Nigeria. We conducted a cohort study at two federal academic hospital-based research sites in Jos University Teaching Hospital, and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria, between March 2018 and September 2022. We enrolled women with histologically confirmed ICC with known HIV status, and FIGO staging as part of the United States of America's National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute funded project titled 'Epigenomic Biomarkers of HIV-Associated Cancers in Nigeria'. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality with assessment of overall survival (OS) and time to death after ICC diagnosis. OS distribution was estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier and compared between groups using the log-rank test. A total of 239 women with confirmed ICC were enrolled and included in this analysis, of whom 192 (80.3%) were HIV-negative (HIV-/ICC +), and 47 (19.7%) were HIV-positive (HIV +/ICC +). The HIV +/ICC + patients were younger with median age 46 (IQR: 40-51) years compared to 57 (IQR: 45-66) among HIV-/ICC + (P < 0.001). Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histopathologic variant in 80.4% of ICC diagnosis, moderately differentiated tumor grade in 68.1% in both groups. HIV +/ICC + diagnosis was at FIGO advanced stages in 64.9% compared to 47.9% in HIV-/ICC +. The HIV-/ICC + women had better OS compared to HIV +/ICC + participants (p = 0.018), with 12-month OS 84.1% (95%CI 75-90%) and 67.6% (95%CI 42-84%) respectively. ICC is diagnosed at a relatively young age in women living with HIV, with a significantly lower overall survival probability compared to women without HIV. The trend of presentation and diagnosis at advanced stages in women living with HIV could partly explain the differences in overall survival.

Investigating the sustainability of urban energy generation with techno-economic analysis from hybrid energy systems

With the growing need for sustainable energy solutions in urban areas, a strategic integration of energy supply, public transport modernization, and energy demand reduction for residential and commercial buildings has become crucial. While numerous efforts have showcased technological advancements and examined the functionality of energy systems, urban applications have not received adequate attention. To address this gap, this research proposes a feasibility analysis of hybrid energy systems in urban settings. The study incorporates a well-defined research purpose, a robust methodology, and a comprehensive approach to data collection, enabling a thorough investigation of technological, scientific, and industrial developments. There is a requirement for a total of 20,349 k Wh of energy per year in the study area, and it can be met with a PV array having a production capacity of 5591 k Wh per year and a capacity of 14,758 k Wh per year. It also explains that 27 % of the required energy can be harnessed from photovoltaics, and 73 % from a domestic diesel generator. The system emits 13,428 kg of Carbon dioxide (CO2), 33.4 kg of carbon monoxide (CO), 3.71 kg of unburned hydrocarbon, 2.52 kg of particulate matter, 26.7 kg of Sulphur dioxide, 298 kg of Nitrogen oxides. The study encompasses a comprehensive review of past, present, and future trends in energy system design, development, and implementation, providing valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers.

Systematic Literature Review of Publications on Digital Twin Topics in Certain Research Areas

One of the key strategies adopted by companies that wish to compete in a sustainable fashion is the idea of the digital twin, which combines the physical product with virtual technology. The development of production models, cost reduction, and keeping up with shifting client wants and needs all depend on the digital twin. In this way, organizations can exhibit a development trend by utilizing the advancements in information and communication technologies, by utilizing techniques like the internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, and the digital twin, coupled with other technologies. The systematic organization of prior studies on this topic is considered beneficial in terms of both illuminating the present trend and directing future study because the digital twin has grown in importance as a result of the development and dissemination of technology in every field. In this paper, a thorough literature assessment of digital twin research is intended. Vosviwer analysis was used to examine 60 studies from the Web of Science database that were published for this reason. Data on author partnerships, keyword density, support status, institution, country, language, citation, year, publication type, and field of study were investigated using Vosviwer analysis using the Web of Science database. The concept of the digital twin gained popularity as of 2019 when the years in which the studies in the Web of Science database were published were looked at. It was known that the majority of the associated studies were published in the USA, as articles, and in English. The analysis revealed that the most often used keywords in the 60 studies on digital twin were data, digital twin, and industry. According to the survey, research is primarily conducted in fields like smart production, supply chains, and business economy. The systematic literature review has led to an understanding that, in contrast to the domains of smart production, supply chain, and business economics, other topics are less investigated in transportation, public administration, economics, and social sciences. Publishing in less researched regions will close the gap in the literature in this direction.

A review: Nanorobotics in cancer therapy

This review paper aims at presenting the overall nanorobotics of the present trends and advancements development in treatment of cancer. Nanorobotics have mainly use such as ability to find out and destroy the cancer cell. In addition to it’s significant impact in medicine, nanotechnology has also been shown to be useful in early diagnosis and treatment. Nanorobotics have the potential to increases the selectively and potency of chemical, physical and biological processes to kill cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to non-cancerous cells. The main focus on the application of nanorobotics in diagnosis and treatment of some diseases like cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases etc. Nanorobotics are performing task like moving, informed, signalling, information processing and intelligence at nanoscale. This review focuses current therapy of cancer cells and description of nanorobotics including it’s parts, application and nanorobotics in cancer treatment.

Technologieversprechen Künstliche Intelligenz. Vergangene und gegenwärtige Konjunkturen in der Bundesrepublik

ZusammenfassungDie Fragestellung des Beitrages ist, wie das Auf und Ab der Entwicklung der Künstlichen Intelligenz seit ihrem Anbeginn an zu erklären ist. Dabei richtet sich der Fokus auf die Entwicklung der Künstlichen Intelligenz in der Bundesrepublik seit den 1970er-Jahren sowie hier besonders auf ihre gegenwärtige Dynamik. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass allein der Verweis auf die schnellen Fortschritte der Informationstechnologien und der verschiedenen Methoden und Konzepte der Künstlichen Intelligenz der letzten Jahrzehnte diese Dynamik nicht zureichend erklären kann. Denn aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Sicht handelt es sich dabei um eine verkürzte technikzentrierte Erklärung. Mit Rückgriff auf Überlegungen aus der sozialwissenschaftlichen Innovationsforschung lässt sich vielmehr die These begründen, dass Künstlichen Intelligenz als „promising technology“ zu verstehen ist. Derart aufgefasst, wird Künstliche Intelligenz in ihren verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen stets erneut von Technologieversprechen über ihre besondere Leistungs- sowie Problemlösungsfähigkeit für ökonomische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen getrieben. Das gilt verstärkt für den seit den 2010er-Jahren anhaltenden KI-Hype, der durch „solutionistische“ Hoffnungen mit Blick auf die ökologische Krise einerseits und durch das Vordringen von KI-Software ins Alltagserleben andererseits präzedenzlose Ausmaße erreicht hat. Auch wenn der nächste „KI-Winter“ wohl nicht bevorsteht, deuten vergangene Erfahrungen darauf hin, dass sich auch in diesem Fall weder sämtliche Technologieversprechen noch -befürchtungen erfüllen werden.

Historical trends in breast cancer presentation among women in Pakistan from join-point regression analysis.

Breast cancer prevalence in Pakistan is among the highest in Asian countries. Recent changes in the temporal trends of breast cancer are largely unknown and examination of these trends can provide a direction in national planning for future health programs. The aim of this study was to examine recent changes in breast cancer incidence in Pakistan. A total of 9,771 diagnosed breast cancer women were registered from 2004 to 2015 in three hospitals of Karachi. Join-point regression analysis was applied to assessing the age-standardized breast cancer presentation trends for each five-year age group. Age-specific average annual percentage changes were also calculated to assess the proportion of women with increased or decreased incidence of breast cancer. Age-standardized rates of breast cancer steadily increased from 24.7 per 100,000 in 2004, to 45.4 per 100,000 in 2015. The analytical trend based on the join-point model showed an average percentage increase breast cancer prevalence of 5.4 (95% CI = 3.1, 7.8). Significantly higher prevalence rates were identified among women aged 40-44 years and 65-69 years with an average percentage change of 18.5 (95% CI = 2.3, 37.2) and 14.3 (95% CI = 2.2, 27.9) respectively in the four years from 2011 to 2015. The findings indicate the trend in age-standardized prevalence increased significantly in all age groups with noticeably larger increases observed among older and post-menopausal women from 2011 to 2015. The results warrant the need for more targeted interventions to high-risk groups and a sound foundation for cancer control program planning and policy development in Pakistan to reduce the increasing incidence of breast cancer.

Continuance Commitment and Employee Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Public Universities in Western Region of Kenya

The present trend among firms is to prioritise the cultivation of dedicated employees due to the notable disparity in performance between devoted employees and their counterparts. Devoted personnel exhibit high levels of performance inside a company, hence contributing to the organisation's attainment of a competitive advantage over rival entities. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between continuance commitment and employee performance of non-academic staff in public universities in the Western Region of Kenya. The research hypothesis suggested that there is no significant relationship between continuance commitment and employee performance of non-academic staff in public universities in the Western Region of Kenya. The study scope was limited to the six (6) Chartered Public Universities in the Western Region of Kenya, namely Maseno, Masinde Muliro, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Kisii, Kibabii, and Rongo. The study was underpinned by social exchange theory. Descriptive and correlational research designs were adopted in this study. The target population was comprised of 3,574 non-academic staff currently working at the six (6) Chartered Public Universities in the Western Region of Kenya. The sample size was 97 respondents, determined through Nassiuma’s (2000) formula. Stratified sampling was employed to group the respondents into strata, and simple random sampling was applied to select the respondents. Data was collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the demographic information, while inferential statistics were applied to test the relationship between the study variables. The key findings of this study indicated that there exists a significant positive relationship between continuance commitment and employee performance (p = 0.0000&lt;0.05). The study recommended that university management should endeavour to enhance their staff organisational commitment through promoting their personal and career development and creating positive employee relations through organisational support programs.

Optimal Control Strategy for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer

Due to the present trend in the wind industry to operate in deep seas, floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are an area of study that is expanding. FOWT platforms cause increased structural movement, which can reduce the turbine’s power production and increase structural stress. New FOWT control strategies are now required as a result. The gain-scheduled proportional-integral (GSPI) controller, one of the most used control strategies, modifies the pitch angle of the blades in the above-rated zone. However, this method necessitates considerable mathematical approximations to calculate the control advantages. This study offers an improved GSPI controller (OGSPI) that uses the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) optimization method to reduce platform motion while preserving rated power output. The GWO chooses the controller’s ideal settings. The optimization objective function incorporates decreasing the platform pitch movements, and the resulting value is used to update the solutions. The effectiveness of the GWO in locating the best solutions has been evaluated using new optimization methods. These algorithms include the COOT optimization algorithm, the sine cosine algorithm (SCA), the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA), the Harris hawks optimization (HHO), and the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The final findings show that, compared to those caused by the conventional GSPI, the suggested OGSPI may successfully minimize platform motion by 50.48%.

The neglected role of ciliates as bioindicators

Abstract The impacts of anthropogenic synthetic contaminants are becoming a serious concern, primarily due to their harmful effects on human health and adverse effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being. Of more than 100 million chemicals, ~0.36% are regularised, as recorded in the Chemical Abstracts Registry database. Such chemicals ultimately contaminate water bodies and reduce the amount of potable water. It is estimated that about 50% of the human population will suffer from water shortages by 2025 if the present trend continues. Gause’s classical work in population ecology stimulated interest in working with ciliates as model organisms in ecotoxicology. Ciliates are good indicators for assessing saprobic water quality due to their abundance, ubiquity, and sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts. However, although more than 50 ciliate species are now in use as bioindicators, researchers should attempt to utilize the excellent potential of ciliates as bioindicators in large-scale studies, considering their availability and cost-effectiveness. Any change in the community composition of ciliates in response to environmental shifts is a powerful tool for biomonitoring and bioassessment.

Desertification simulation using wavelet and box-jenkins time series analysis based on TGSI and albedo remote sensing indices

Desertification has been listed as one of the most critical global environmental issues, posing a significant threat to life, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the present and future desertification trends becomes imperative. This study employs a feature space model, which effectively captures land surface changes related to desertification, enabling the extraction of pertinent information. Subsequently, time series models are used to determine the most accurate desertification simulation. Twenty-one ETM + sensor images were utilized to calculate the Topsoil Grain Size (TGSI) and Albedo remotely sensed indexes. Constructing the Albedo-TGSI feature space, the Desertification Degree Index (DDI) was extracted for each year. Different levels of desertification were identified by applying a natural break classification on the DDI values, and corresponding break values were obtained. The representative desertification degree for each year was determined by calculating the average of the minimum and maximum break values, resulting in the generation of five distinct time series for five desertification degrees. Different ARIMA models and wavelet transforms were selected to simulate the various desertification degrees based on the analysis of autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions and trial and error, respectively. The most suitable ARIMA models with the lowest errors were identified as follows: ARIMA (1,0,7) for severe desertification, ARIMA (0,1,6) for high desertification, ARIMA (0,0,7) for moderate desertification, and ARIMA (3,0,6) for non-desertification degrees. Among the various wavelet transform families tested, the Symlet family proved to be the most effective, except for the low desertification degree. The following wavelet transforms yielded the best results for each degree of desertification: Symlet3 for severe desertification, Symlet7 for high desertification, Symlet7 for moderate desertification, Daubechies 5 (db5) for low desertification, and Symlet7 for non-desertification degree simulations, all exhibiting the minimum error rates.

Artificial intelligence in psychiatry, present trends, and challenges: An updated review

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a revolutionary fusion of computer science and human-like problem-solving capabilities. In medicine, AI promises transformative changes, automating medical documentation, streamlining health insurance processes, and enhancing medical image analysis. The rising prevalence of mental illness across the world underscores the need for AI in psychiatry, where innovative approaches, such as speech analysis and real-time mental health assessments, are emerging. However, challenges loom. AI’s performance in radiology remains inconsistent. Biased training data, workflow disruptions, and a lack of validation standards pose hurdles. Speech recognition systems suffer from word errors, impacting clinical notes’ accuracy. The black-box nature of AI algorithms and their opacity in clinical settings require attention, particularly in safeguarding patient safety. Establishing guidelines for responsible AI use in mental health, addressing confidentiality, and handling critical situations is crucial. In conclusion, while AI holds immense promise in revolutionizing psychiatry and medicine, recognizing and addressing its challenges is imperative for its responsible and effective integration into clinical practice.

Pro-environmental behavior in tourism and hospitality: science mapping of present and future trends

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the knowledge structure of pro-environmental behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. Two bibliometric analyses explore current and emerging themes through bibliographic coupling analysis and co-word analysis. Findings depict that the current and emerging streams in pro-environmental behavior are primarily associated with the determinants of tourists’ behavior. The future streams suggest that themes are related to driving pro-environmental behavior through attitudes, values, norms and the development of satisfaction and loyalty. The implications of this study are relevant to stakeholders, operators, and destination practitioners to encourage and promote pro-environmental behavior as part of sustainability development initiatives.

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles under Microwave Irradiation: Get Much with Less Energy

Microwave irradiation is widely used to intensify various chemical processes, including in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The purpose of this review is to present recent trends in the application of microwave heating for the preparation of monometallic, bimetallic, and more complicated metal nanoparticles. The advantages and drawbacks behind the use of microwave irradiation in the synthesis of unsupported and supported metal nanoparticles are summarized. Such metals as Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Cu, Ni, Co, etc. are considered. Illustrative examples have been presented of the positive effects of microwave treatments, including the preparation of particles of different shapes and particles of immiscible metals.