Present Sufficient Information Research Articles

"Trust the Process": An Exploratory Study of Process Visualizations for Self-Reflection in League of Legends

Self-reflection, a process consisting of evaluation, attribution, and adaptation, is recognized as key to learning in esports games. To better facilitate self-reflection, many games and third-party tools feature retrospective visualizations that provide players with details about their performance. However, previous work suggested that existing visualizations, which typically aggregate data, do not present sufficient information to players. In this work, we explore the impact of process visualizations, which present gameplay as a sequence of actions, on self-reflection and performance in a League of Legends training exercise through a mixed-methods study. Our results found that players who reflected using a process visualization significantly improved their performance and demonstrated significant differences in how they evaluated themselves compared to those who reflected using an aggregate visualization. We discuss what these results mean in relation to self-reflection and learning in esports and how they impact the future use of process visualizations in games.

Development of the Reporting Infographics and Visual Abstracts of Comparative studies (RIVA-C) checklist and guide

People often use infographics (also called visual or graphical abstracts) as a substitute for reading the full text of an article. This is a concern because most infographics do not...

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy

Invisibility by Design: Women and Labor in Japan’s Digital Economy

Korean Clinical Practice Guidelines: Current Status of Adherence to the RIGHT Checklist.

BackgroundThe Korean Academy of Medical Sciences (KAMS) has been utilizing AGREE II to audit the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed in Korea. Monitoring the RIGHT Checklist adherence could help monitor the quality status and discover areas for improvement of CPG development.MethodsWe included 129 CPGs from the past 5 years and assessed each item of the RIGHT Checklist. STATA version 15.0 was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAmong the seven sections of the RIGHT checklist, sections with a full compliance rate over 60% were ‘basic information’ (65%) and ‘background’ (66%). The other sections’ mean full compliance rates were ‘Evidence’ 52%, ‘Recommendation’ 35%, ‘Review and quality assurance’ 25% and ‘Funding, declaration and management of interest’ 17%. Sections with a partial compliance rate over 60% were ‘Recommendation’ (60%) and ‘Funding, declaration and management of interest’ (70%). Non-compliance was highest in the ‘Review and quality assurance’ (17%) domain. In comparison between groups 1 (under median group) and 2 (over median group), group 2 showed a tendency to have multi-stakeholder involvement and present sufficient information on financial resources and conflict of interest declarations. For the CPGs developmental methodology aspect, group 2 provided more pertinent information than group 1 about supporting evidence-making and the process from evidence to recommendation.ConclusionThis study evaluated adherence to the RIGHT Checklist of CPGs developed in Korea. It can provide helpful information to develop strategic plans for enhancing the capabilities of developing CPGs in Korea.

Plano individual de atendimento: desafios para construção do projeto de vida na medida socioeducativa

Abstract This article seeks to analyze the use of Plano Individual de Atendimento (Individual Assistance Plans) for the construction of the life projects of adolescents serving Medida Socioeducativa (Socio-Educational Measures) in an incarceration facility. Interviews were conducted with ten adolescents between the ages of 15 and 17, who were carrying out an Medida Socioeducativa of male incarceration, and document analysis was performed on their plans. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis, from the categories “Elaboration of the Individual Assistance Plans”, “What the PIA addressed” and “Objective of the Individual Assistance Plans” in the light of Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology. The interviews and plans analyzed did not present sufficient information to identify the construction of the life project. The use of Individual Assistance Plans in socio-educational measures, allowing it to accomplish its planning and socio-educational function, remains challenging.

InteractionR: An R package for full reporting of effect modification and interaction

<h2>Abstract</h2> Effect modification and/or Interaction are frequently assessed in epidemiological research. However, in most cases, authors do not present sufficient information for the readers to fully assess the extent and significance of interaction on both additive and multiplicative scale. Also, due to being readily available in most software, the delta method has proliferated in the literature for the estimation of confidence intervals (CIs) for measures of additive interactions; despite its well documented poor performance compared to alternative methods. We introduce <i>interactionR</i>, an open-source R package with user-friendly functions that ensures full reporting of effect modification or interaction based on recommended guidelines. In addition to the simple asymptotic delta method, the package also allows for estimation of CIs for additive interaction measures using the variance recovery and percentile bootstrapping methods.

On Optimal Selection of Objective Grouping for Multiobjective History Matching

Summary Multiobjective history matching has gained popularity in the last decade. It provides an ensemble of diverse set and good matched models that should lead to improved forecasting. Moreover, in some cases, multiobjective history matching provides faster and more-robust convergence than the single-objective approach. In multiobjective, objective components (usually groups of them) guide the algorithm to different areas of objective space that lead to a diverse set of optimal solutions. These algorithms are widely established and well-developed for problems with two or three objectives. Under an increasing number of objective components, such as in a reservoir model with multiple wells and production data, multiobjective-history-matching performance (convergence speed and match quality) can deteriorate. One effective approach is grouping objective components to reduce the number of objectives. However, the existing literature does not present sufficient information on appropriate grouping techniques and ways of combining objective components. We present a novel technique to group the objective components depending on analysis of the nonparametric-conflict information obtained from a set with a limited number of initial solutions. By grouping the objectives depending on the conflict between them, we aim to achieve better performance in history matching. We apply this framework to history matching of an industry-standard reservoir model and a real-field case study. We also perform history-matching runs of groupings with different degree of conflict, and then analyze the performance among them with the statistical-significance test. Our extensive simulation results show that the proposed conflict-based strategy can be used as a guideline to help select a grouping of the objective components in multiobjective history matching optimally. By calculating the conflict between objectives a priori, we can identify which grouping scheme will result in a better performance. This technique can significantly improve the fitness quality of the matched model given the same number of flow simulations, and can also obtain a diverse set of models.

CCLTracker Framework: Monitoring user learning and activity in web based citizen science projects

Analytics tools have been widely used over the last years for the development of web-based application and services. Analytics data allows improving user interfaces through planning, executing, and evaluating actions intended to increase user engagement. Measuring and improving user engagement in citizen science projects is not different from other web applications such as on-line shopping, newspapers, or sites for recommending music or movies. However, citizen science projects also aim to produce learning outcomes on the participants. Current analytics tools do not present sufficient information regarding user behaviour with the application, thus making measuring engagement and learning outcomes difficult. This paper presents the CCLTracker analytics framework that is intended to overcome current limitations in analytics tools, by providing an API for monitoring user activities such as time spent watching a video, time to complete a task, or how far down a page is scrolled. CCLTracker has been integrated in 3 different citizen science projects which have proved its value for measuring user engagement and learning.

Diagnosis of Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures

scans are sufficient for diagnosis of OSFs. However, other clinical and radiographic clues should be considered for prediction of the prognosis and differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Review of the relevant literature. Results: Clinical clues including morphometric changes in the vertebral body are sufficient for diagnosis of OSFs. BMD testing is helpful for diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, simple radiographs and BMD tests do not present sufficient information on the prognosis of OSFs. The location of the involved segments, morphological characteristics, and other co-morbidities should be taken into consideration in the initial management of OSFs. Moreover, pathologic conditions leading to spinal fractures should be taken into account in some clinical situations. Conclusions: With increasing reports of complicated OSFs or other pathologic fractures, other diagnostic modalities and clinical factors should be considered in predicting the prognosis of OSFs and differentiating OSFs from other pathologic conditions.

Foreword: Conference Bias

Foreword: Conference Bias

Scenario construction via Delphi and cross-impact analysis

Since its origins, decision makers have broadly used the Delphi method as a collaborative technique for generating important events and scenarios about what may happen in the future. This is a complex process because of the different interrelations and the potential synergetic effects among the relevant events related to a decision. This fact, along with the uncertainty about the occurrence or non-occurrence of the events, makes the scenario generation task a challenging issue in Delphi processes. In the 1960's, Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) appeared as a methodological tool for dealing with this complexity. CIA can be used for creating a working model out from a set of significant events. CIA has been combined with other methodological approaches in order to increase its functionality and improve its final outcome. In this paper, the authors propose a new step-by-step model for scenario-analysis based on a merger of Turoff's alternative approach to CIA and the technique called Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The authors' proposal adds tools for detecting critical events and for producing a graphical representation to the previous scenario-generation methods based on CIA. Moreover, it allows working with large sets of events without using large computational infrastructures. The authors present sufficient information and data so that anyone who wishes to may duplicate the implementation of the process. Additionally they make explicit a set of requirements for carrying out a Delphi process for a group to develop a set of significant events, collectively make the estimations of cross impacts, and to support a continuous planning process within an organization. They use two examples to discuss operational issues and practical implications of the model.

Today's Studies, Tomorrow's Meta-Analyses: Implications for Evidence Informed Decision–Making in Social Work

ABSTRACTMeta-analyses play an important role in understanding aspects of human functioning and program effectiveness. Meta-analyses also inform practice and policy decision making in areas of interest to social work. This study examined the degree to which recent quantitative reports in top social work journals are eligible for inclusion in future meta-analytic studies based on method rigor. The results suggest a mixed picture. Articles in top social work journals typically present sufficient information on participant characteristics, p values, and Mean values, yet they often fail to present sufficient information on variance indicators or the precise numbers of participants, which limits the ability to calculate effect sizes. Furthermore, less than 10% of the reports utilized randomized experimental designs or tested for group equivalence. To enhance social work's ability to make evidence-based decisions by producing more meta-analyses, researchers should provide more detail in study reports and use stronger research designs.

History and Renaissance of Construction Engineering and Management in Canada

Understanding the history of the construction engineering and management discipline in Canada can perhaps shed light on where the future of the discipline may lay and on external perceptions of the discipline. In its current state, the discipline in Canada is a unique model. Examining its positive and negative attributes will help inform strategic planning for construction research and education programs in Canada and in other countries as they adapt to rapid changes in their environments. The objective of this paper is to present sufficient information to make that examination possible. Its scope is limited to the last 200 years. Early pioneers in the discipline are described. Their careers are reflected in the developments that are summarized in the following discussion of the emergence of professional societies, and the educational and research infrastructure of the discipline in Canada. Recent developments in education and research are examined in more detail. Some final observations are then made based on this brief history.

Participatory action research and action learning: changing clinical practice in nursing handover and communication

Combining participatory action research (PAR) and action learning (AL) is an effective mechanism for healthcare practitioners who wish to change clinical practice: The outcome of a study on nursing handover and multi-disciplinary communication. Traditionally verbal handovers are lengthy and time consuming resulting in nurses spending an unacceptable time away from patient care. They lack structure and the information presented is often repetitive, incomplete, inadequate, or incorrect and therefore does not always present sufficient information to plan appropriate patient care. The primary purpose of this study was to review the effectiveness of the traditional nursing handover (in one clinical unit) with the aim of developing and implementing evidence-based strategies that would improve practice. In addition, this study aims to highlight the appropriateness and effectiveness of using PAR and AL within ePD. The results of the project indicated early adoption by nursing and medical staff of a database tool developed to assist handover. This improved multi-disciplinary communication, increased staff satisfaction, focussed staff on discharge planning and problem solving as well as reducing the time spent in handover. There remained however, areas for improvement and these were identified in order to begin the next rotation of the PAR cycle. This study suggests that by combining PAR with AL clinicians not only succeeded in changing handover practice but were then able to take what they learned and use it to further develop projects within the unit. It is therefore important to consider carefully the process by which knowledge utilisation takes place in order to ensure that learning is an intended outcome rather than an unexpected consequence of participation.

Telerehabilitation for veterans with a lower-limb amputation or ulcer: Technical acceptability of data

A study was undertaken to determine the technical acceptability of information available via a customized telerehabilitation system regarding patients with lower-limb ulcers or recent lower-limb amputations receiving care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Among the 54 participants, 57 wounds (39 ulcers, 19 amputation incisions) were evaluated by means of still photographs and skin temperature data sent via ordinary telephone lines. Three experienced clinicians served as raters. Intrarater agreements and McNemar chi(2) tests were assessed between decisions made after telerehabilitation sessions and decisions made by the same rater after in-person sessions. Interrater agreements and kappa coefficients were assessed between two raters for both telerehabilitation and in-person sessions. The intrarater agreement on 57 wounds for the primary rater was 93%, and the McNemar test indicated no significant difference in the ratings (p < 0.63). Interrater agreement on 18 wounds was 78% (kappa = 0.55, p < 0.02) for the telerehabilitation sessions and 89% (kappa = 0.77, p < 0.001) for the in-person sessions. Most qualitative comments by three clinicians on picture quality (54/63 = 86%) and temperature data (39/44 = 88%) were favorable (good to excellent). The information yielded from this study provides evidence that the telerehabilitation system has the potential to present sufficient information to experienced clinicians so they can make informed decisions regarding wound management. The next phase of the study will include in-home trials and improvements in the technology.

The Anesthetic Management of Patients with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome

The Anesthetic Management of Patients with Multiple Pterygium Syndrome

ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of Carbenes Having Aryl Substituents

Publisher Summary This chapter explores that one of the central objectives of the study of chemistry is sufficient knowledge to permit the forecast of the chemical and physical properties of a substance directly and reliably from its structure. This objective has been achieved to a remarkable degree for the host of isolable compounds that have been prepared and investigated. The chapter reviews the electronic and structural features that underlie all of carbene chemistry. It introduces the set of related aromatic carbenes that are the basis for our dissection of the effects of structure on carbene properties. The chemical and spectroscopic techniques and procedures used to probe these carbenes are described and explained briefly. Then, the results of the application of these probes to the chosen carbenes are presented. The relation of a carbene's structure to its chemical and physical properties is placed within the predictive framework of molecular orbital theory. The objective of this chapter is to present sufficient information to forecast the properties of an aromatic carbene directly and reliably from its structure.

Light Sources in the 015–20-μ Spectral Range

The different kinds of light sources available for the 0.15-20-micro spectral range are surveyed. Information was obtained from the published literature, unpublished reports, light source manufacturers, and also from individual persons. The aim has been to present sufficient information, where available, to show the relative advantages of different sources-intensity, stability, and output uniformity were of prime interest. Continuum and line sources are included but lasers and pulsed sources are omitted. The sources are described under the main headings: Arc Discharge Sources, Glow Discharge Sources, and Incandescent Sources, with another section, Miscellaneous Sources, to cover some which could not be included under the first three headings.

Matrix Equations for the Determination of Beam Natural Frequencies

1. Introduction. A general matrix equation is by which it is possible to determine the frequencies and modes of a beam vibrating in coupled beam bending, beam shear and torsion, with the effects of mass, torsional moment of inertia and rotary moment of inertia included. Information provided by this equation permits the determination of beam deflections, slopes and torsional rotations at points where this information is desired. To illustrate the method of imposing boundary conditions when using the general matrix equation, four special cases are developed the cantilever, free-free, fixed-fixed and hinged-hinged beams. The primary purpose of this paper, however, is to present sufficient information to enable the reader to develop solutions for whatever boundary conditions are required by him. Formulas are shown for the calculation of the influence coefficients. These formulas make it possible to vary the stiffnesses continuously throughout the span and also to account for abrupt changes in stiffnesses. Other excellent methods of determining ,influence coefficients are available and may be used in lieu of the one here. A second purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the setting forth of all information required (including equations) to transform by a continuous operation the basic data of a problem (inertia data, dimensions and section moduli) into the final characteristic matrix whose eigenvalues and eigenvectors will yield the frequencies and modes of the beam. This, of course, is essential when the entire transformation from basic data to eigenvalues and eigenvectors is to be carried out in a single continuous operation by computing machine. It should be noted that to achieve this end the nomenclature used in the many equations involved must be carefully coordinated so that no symbol is used with more than one meaning. Again, it is important to realize that the work presented here is to be regarded as a foundation and as an example to be used in constructing a system, adapted to the user’s needs. For example, Convair-Astronautics has extended the system beyond the production of eigenvalues and eigenvectors so that the end product of the program includes generalized masses, beam bending moments and shear, and beam deflections and slopes. Cases using elastic foundations have lso been developed.

Research and Service in Social Work: Conditions for a Stable Union

During the postwar period until the Declaration of Independence and during several following years there was prevailed a medical (clinical)–corrective model of educating SEN children (children with special needs) in Lithuania (Ruskus, 2001 and others). Today when Lithuania is undergoing reforms of educational system the social–interactive model of educating SEN children is being discussed more widely (Ambrukaitis, 1997; Ruskus, 2001; Alisauskas, 2001 and others). Nevertheless, there is almost no discussion in scientific literature or in pedagogues’ community concerning the similarities and differences of both educational trends, their essential advantages and disadvantages etc. The article discusses psychosocial aspects of SEN children’s education revealing the perception of social–interactive model as essential criteria for evaluating the quality of SEN children’s integrated education. Taking into consideration the results of questioning 923 pedagogues from 62 mainstream schools and 138 heads of schools the following conclusion was made that the investigation programmes of SEN children’s psychosocial education present sufficient information concerning preparation of schools to educate the disabled children and the quality of education. The programmes could be applied in complex assessment of work of educational institutions that work with SEN children.