Presentation Of Search Results Research Articles

A Search for OH 18 cm Emission from Intermediate-velocity Gas at High Galactic Latitudes

We present search results of 22 high-latitude (∣b∣ > 25°) sightlines for OH 18 cm emission using the 305 m radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory. These sightlines appear in neutral hydrogen emission at intermediate velocities −90 ≤ V LSR ≤ −20 km s−1 and are predicted to have a sufficient molecular composition so as to be detectable in molecular emission. Such objects, known as intermediate-velocity molecular clouds (IVMCs), have historically been detected through 12CO emission. Recent studies indicate that IVMCs may be widespread in the galaxy and have important implications for models of the interstellar medium and star formation. However, we report nondetections of OH emission toward the 22 sightlines and provide stringent upper limits on the OH column density. Using available H i and A v data in combination with existing state-of-the-art PDR models, we estimate H2 column densities and find that they are more than an order of magnitude lower than the predicted values. We also find that the hydrogen volume density of these clouds is ≲25 cm−3. In addition, we discuss the known IVMCs with previous 12CO detections in the context of the PDR models. Our analysis of these clouds indicates that the structure of molecular material in IVMCs is morphologically clumpy. These results motivate the need for future sensitive, on-the-fly searches (rather than targeted searches) for CO emission from IVMCs with resolutions on the order of ∼1′. High angular resolution (∼1′) H i and A v data will also be helpful to better constrain the structure and composition of IVMCs.

Canada: Collection, usage or disclosure of personal information by Google (due to the indexing of webpages and the presentation of search results)

Article Canada: Collection, usage or disclosure of personal information by Google (due to the indexing of webpages and the presentation of search results) was published on April 1, 2022 in the journal Computer Law Review International (volume 23, issue 2).

Знання-орієнтований інструментальний комплекс обробки баз даних наукових публікацій

Introduction. Nowadays, numerous applications and tools are known that implement information retrieval technologies in various text sources in accordance with specified parameters. Moreover, the search results are provided to the user for each search parameter individually and not related to each other. And the application of Semantic Web technologies for the purpose of multi-parameter and related information retrieval in various sources in Ukraine is at the initial stage of development. A separate problem is the multimedia presentation of search results and their comparison with the conceptual structure of the domain of interest (Knowledge Domain) with the goal of extracting new knowledge. From this point of view, it is relevant for scientific research to process the scientific publications of one author, authors of a scientific unit and the academic institute as a whole, using the Semantic Web technologies, multimedia presentation of information, and effective support for the process of extracting new knowledge. Purpose. Designing the architecture and functioning algorithms of the instrumental complex for processing databases of scientific publications, as well as developing examples of using a formal description of a scientific article with a number of queries. Methods. The methods and models used in this work are based on Semantic Web information technologies focused on the development and use of subject ontologies. Ontologies are the basic components of these technologies both for conducting scientific research and creating large databases, including scientific publications of the authors. Results. The architecture of the instrumental complex for processing databases of scientific publications and the algorithms for its functioning at the preparatory and main stages have been developed. Examples of queries to the database of scientific publications that demonstrate the performance of IR are given. Conclusion. The article discusses the architecture of the instrumental complex for processing databases of scientific publications and the algorithms for its functioning at the preparatory and main stages. The steps of the preparatory phase, which are implemented by the knowledge engineer, are examined in detail. At the same time, the creation of two ontology models of the scientific article with the presentation of the corresponding ontographs was highlighted: the CRF-model describes the concepts contained in the article, and the OWL-model describes the structural components of the article. In conclusion, examples of queries to the databases of scientific publications are presented, demonstrating the performance of the instrumental complex. Further, it is necessary to expand the use in the development of IR technologies, such as cognitive semantics and graphics, multimedia presentation of information, focused on the effective support of the processes of extraction and/or generation of new knowledge.

Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton–proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments—as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER—to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity ‘dark showers’, highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.

The impact of online platform transparency of information on consumers’ choices

AbstractMillions of Europeans use online platforms with almost blind trust that the platforms operate in the interests of the consumer. However, the presentation of search results, transparency about contractual parties and the publication of user reviews that contribute to the value of online platforms in Europe's Single Digital Market also pose significant risks regarding consumer protection and market competition. The current study investigates how enhanced information transparency in online platforms might affect consumers’ trust in online activities and choice behaviour. Following an exploratory qualitative study, three online discrete-choice experiments were conducted with representative samples of 1200 respondents in each of four countries: Germany, Poland, Spain and the UK. The objective of the experiments was to test whether increased transparency in the presentation of online search information, details of contractual entities and the implications for consumer protection and user reviews and ratings would affect consumers’ choices. The results show that increased online transparency increases the probability of product selection. A comparison across the four countries found that the similarities in responses to online transparency were far greater than the differences. The findings are discussed in relation to the biases and heuristics identified in behavioural science. In conclusion, recommendations are made to increase online transparency, which the empirical evidence of this study shows would benefit both users and platform operators.

On Annotation Methodologies for Image Search Evaluation

Image search engines differ significantly from general web search engines in the way of presenting search results. The difference leads to different interaction and examination behavior patterns, and therefore requires changes in evaluation methodologies. However, evaluation of image search still utilizes the methods for general web search. In particular, offline metrics are calculated based on coarse-fine topical relevance judgments with the assumption that users examine results in a sequential manner. In this article, we investigate annotation methods via crowdsourcing for image search evaluation based on a lab-based user study. Using user satisfaction as the golden standard, we make several interesting findings. First, instead of item-based annotation, annotating relevance in a row-based way is more efficient without hurting performance. Second, besides topical relevance, image quality plays a crucial role when evaluating the image search results, and the importance of image quality changes with search intent. Third, compared to traditional four-level scales, the fine-grain annotation method outperforms significantly. To our best knowledge, our work is the first to systematically study how diverse factors in data annotation impact image search evaluation. Our results suggest different strategies for exploiting the crowdsourcing to get data annotated under different conditions.

Search, sense making and learning: closing gaps

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss how search, sense making and learning have become more closely integrated, as search services have leveraged new technologies and large and media-diverse data streams.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews progress in search over the past 60 years, summarizes different theories of sense making and learning and proposes a framework for integrating these activities.FindingsThe arguments are supported with examples from search in 2018 and suggest that even as search becomes an automated process during learning, search strategies must continue to evolve to insure that complex information needs can be met.Research limitations/implicationsThe work is limited to search that uses electronic search systems. Implications include the need to understand that multiple levels of system inferences/estimates are used to present search results and that different kinds of learning processes are affected by search systems.Social implicationsThe importance of information literacy is implied.Originality/valueThis paper will provide readers with an understanding of how search services and systems have evolved and their implications for human learning.

Conceptualization and Implementation of the Central Information Portal on Rare Diseases: Protocol for a Qualitative Study.

BackgroundRecently, public and political interest has focused on people living with rare diseases and their health concerns. Due to the large number of different types of rare diseases and the sizable number of patients, taking action to improve the life of those affected is gaining importance. In 2013, the federal government of Germany adopted a national action plan for rare diseases, including the call to establish a central information portal on rare diseases (Zentrales Informationsportal über seltene Erkrankungen, ZIPSE).ObjectiveThe objective of this study, therefore, was to conduct scientific research on how such a portal must be designed to meet the needs of patients, their families, and medical professionals, and to provide high-quality information for information seekers.MethodsWe chose a 3-step procedure to develop a needs-based prototype of a central information portal. In the first step, we determined the information needs of patients with rare diseases, their relatives, and health care professionals by means of qualitative interviews and their content-analytical evaluation. On the basis of this, we developed the basic structure of the portal. In the second step, we identified quality criteria for websites on rare diseases to ensure that the information linked with ZIPSE meets the quality demands. Therefore, we gathered existing criteria catalogs and discussed them in an expert workshop. In the third step, we implemented and tested the developed prototypical information portal.ResultsA portal page was configured and made accessible on the Web. The structure of ZIPSE was based on the findings from 108 qualitative interviews with patients, their relatives, and health care professionals, through which numerous information needs were identified. We placed particularly important areas of information, such as symptoms, therapy, research, and advisory services, on the start page. Moreover, we defined 13 quality criteria, referring to factors such as author information, creation date, and privacy, enabling links with high-quality information. Moreover, 19 users tested all the developed routines based on usability and comprehensibility. Subsequently, we improved the visual presentation of search results and other important search functions.ConclusionsThe implemented information portal, ZIPSE, provides high-quality information on rare diseases from a central point of access. By integrating the targeted groups as well as different experts on medical information during the construction, the website can assure an improved search for information for users. ZIPSE can also serve as a model for other Web-based information systems in the field of rare diseases.Registered Report IdentifierRR1-10.2196/7425

Quality, language, subdiscipline and promotion were associated with article accesses on Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)

ObjectiveTo quantify the relationship between the number of times articles are accessed on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and the article characteristics. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between accesses and the number of citations of articles. MethodThe study was conducted to derive prediction models for the number of accesses of articles indexed on PEDro from factors that may influence an article’s accesses. All articles available on PEDro from August 2014 to January 2015 were included. We extracted variables relating to the algorithm used to present PEDro search results (research design, year of publication, PEDro score, source of systematic review (Cochrane or non-Cochrane)) plus language, subdiscipline of physiotherapy, and whether articles were promoted to PEDro users. Three predictive models were examined using multiple regression analysis. Citation and journal impact factor were downloaded. ResultsThere were 29,313 articles indexed in this period. We identified seven factors that predicted the number of accesses. More accesses were noted for factors related to the algorithm used to present PEDro search results (synthesis research (i.e., guidelines and reviews), recent articles, Cochrane reviews, and higher PEDro score) plus publication in English and being promoted to PEDro users. The musculoskeletal, neurology, orthopaedics, sports, and paediatrics subdisciplines were associated with more accesses. We also found that there was no association between number of accesses and citations. ConclusionThe number of times an article is accessed on PEDro is partly predicted by how condensed and high quality the evidence it contains is.

A graph-based approach for visualizing and exploring a multimedia search result space

Nowadays, together with the increasing spread of the content available online, users’ information needs have become more complex. To fulfill them, users strongly rely on Web search engines, but traditional ways of presenting search results are often unsatisfactory. In fact, Web pages carry information that exists in multiple media formats, such as text, audio, image and video objects. Vertical search engines and medium-specific search services do not provide users with an integrated view of search results. Furthermore, multiple media objects are in most of the cases highly semantically interlinked, but the connections between them are not sufficiently exploited to provide a further exploration of the retrieved objects. To address these issues, in this paper we propose a graph-based approach aimed at providing users with the possibility to dynamically visualize and explore a search result space built over a repository of multimedia documents containing interconnected multiple media objects. To do this, we represent the search result space via a graph-based data model, where both the retrieved multimedia documents and connected relevant media objects are considered. Media objects, among them, are connected via different kinds of similarity relationships, which depend on the low-level features and metadata taken into consideration to access the media objects. The approach and the connected visualization and exploration interface have been implemented and tested on a publicly available dataset, and they have been evaluated by means of a usability test.

Understanding eye movements on mobile devices for better presentation of search results

Compared to the early versions of smart phones, recent mobile devices have bigger screens that can present more web search results. Several previous studies have reported differences in user interaction between conventional desktop computer and mobile device‐based web searches, so it is imperative to consider the differences in user behavior for web search engine interface design on mobile devices. However, it is still unknown how the diversification of screen sizes on hand‐held devices affects how users search. In this article, we investigate search performance and behavior on three different small screen sizes: early smart phones, recent smart phones, and phablets. We found no significant difference with respect to the efficiency of carrying out tasks, however participants exhibited different search behaviors: less eye movement within top links on the larger screen, fast reading with some hesitation before choosing a link on the medium, and frequent use of scrolling on the small screen. This result suggests that the presentation of web search results for each screen needs to take into account differences in search behavior. We suggest several ideas for presentation design for each screen size.

Farmers Attitude towards Organic Farming Techniques in Elzawiah Region in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate

This research aims to determine the level attitudes of the farmers respondents towards three from the organic farming techniques, and to identify any of these technique ,which have a more positive attitude ,and determine the percentage of contribution of each variable of the independent variables which correlated significantly in explaining variation incident in degree of the attidude of the farmers respondents towards The three studied techniques of organic agriculture, lso to identify the obstacles that limit the use of farmers respondents to organic farming techniques from their point of view. This research was conducted in Elzawiah regionas one of the largest new areas of land in Kafrelshiekh governorate in terms of area cultivated organically, it was followed by selecting three villages with simple random method from that region, the villages were; Umm Al-Qura, Al-Qadisiyah, and Alfyrooz, , from them it wase selected systematic random sample amounted to 176 respondents (65, 58, 53) from these villages, respectively, representing 10% ​​of total farmers population research which amounted to 1760 farmers. Field data has been collected by using a personal interviewing questionnaire from the research sample, during the month of December 2014 ,it wase used both of: Frequiencis, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, the weighted arithmetic mean, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, and model analysis of regression, stepwise multiple step-wise upward, in data analysis and presenting search results. The most important research results could be summarized as follows: 1- It was showed that 66 % of the total farmer's respondents were in the categories of neutral and negative attitude towards the three organic farming techniques studied colectively. 2- It was found that the arrangement of three organic farming techniques studied from where the positive attitude of the farmer's respondents towards it according to its values ​​of weighted means as follows: organic fertilizers (1.22), integrated pest management (1.15), and bio-fertilizers (1.0). 3- It was cleared that five independent variables together explain about 60.8 % of the variation in the degree of attitude of the farmers respondents towards the three organic farming techniques studied together, 35.1 % of variance was attributed to the age of the respondent, 16 % due to the degree of education of the respondent, 5.9 % due to the degree of exposure to sources of information on organic farming, 2.5 % to the land farm size, and 1.3 % due to to the animal farm size. 4- Farmers respondents refeers to ten constraints limit their use of the techniques of organic agriculture from their point of view were ranging between 85% and 43% could be arranged from top to down as follows: Rise of prices of vital fertilizer in local markets (85%), lack of availability of organic farming techniques requirements in the agricultural associations (82%), lack of knowledge and information of farmers in how to apply the techniques of organic farming (78%), and lack of the extension pannels and meetings to educate farmers about organic farming techniques to educate farmers (75%), and non persuasion of farmers with feasibility of switching from traditional farming to organic farming (73.3%), high IPM costs (61%), the farmers fear of not to marketing their organic products (53%), no support by the government to the farmers in the field of organic farming (50%), the absence of a government law that control and regulates organic agriculture production and marketed (46%), and fragmentation of agricultural holdings (43%).

Key Node in Context (KNIC) Concordances: Improving Usability of an Old French Treebank

While annotated treebanks are an invaluable tool in linguistic research, the tree-based form in which corpus search tools often present search results is not necessarily well-suited to the user’s requirements. We argue that a concordance style export of search results, built around a user-identified key node in the query, represents a useful synoptic view of the data for the user needing to carry out further manual analysis of query results. We present a first implementation of these 'KNIC' concordances for an Old French corpus, using the TigerSearch treebank search engine integrated into the TXM corpus analysis platform.

A visualization-enhanced graphical user interface for geospatial resource discovery

Information visualization and user interaction play critical roles in geospatial resource discovery processes. Well-designed graphical user interfaces improve user experience and also help convey important information to assist decision-making. Existing approaches have visualization problems that impact the efficiency of geospatial resource discovery including (1) search portals lack intuitive and diverse information visualization methods to present search results; (2) functions to sort, filter, explore and analyse search results are inadequate and inefficient and (3) value-added information to help users make selection is missing. To address these problems, we propose a visualization- and interaction-enhanced discovery workflow. We use the latest Rich Internet Application (RIA) technologies from Microsoft to implement the proposed methods for our search portal – GeoSearch. Specifically, (1) based on the Pivot Viewer, a multiple sorting, filtering and multi-level-zoom-enabled histogram clustering function is implemented to assist in records exploration. (2) A Bing Maps Viewer is built upon the Bing Maps Control to show geo-location (e.g. BoundingBox and server location) of resources and conduct map-based interactions. (3) Multiple data visualization tools are integrated to provide data preview and animation functions. (4) A service quality vieweris developed to help users select resources based on non-functional properties. Results show that the proposed visualization and interaction technologies improve user experience and can help users obtain required geospatial resources effectively and efficiently.

Information snapshots: What Google searches really tell us about emerging technologies

► We explore how new, online information environments may shape consumer perceptions, discourse, and support about nanotechnology. ► We simulate Google searches for various topics related to nanotechnology. ► We analyze the initial presentation of search results (titles and two-line website descriptions). ► Websites highlighted in Google search results present policy themes more than application or social implications themes. ► Significant differences are found in valence, uncertainty, outcomes, and type of website, depending on the search query. For most consumers, Google is the window to the (nano) world. At the very least, Google and other search engines are the place where many consumers get the first glimpse of emerging technologies. In order to explore the critical role that online media play as information gateways, we tracked Google search patterns related to nanotechnology over a 17-month period. Our data show that the snippets of websites highlighted in top Google search results present policy themes about nano more than themes about application or social implications. General searches for “nanotechnology” present a neutral tone, while “risk”-related search results present a negative tone and “benefit”-related searches present a positive tone. The majority of websites appearing in Google searches are non-nano specific sites (e.g., www.sciencedaily.com ). We discuss the important implications of Google search results for nanotechnology audiences.

Clustering Web video search results based on integration of multiple features

The usage of Web video search engines has been growing at an explosive rate. Due to the ambiguity of query terms and duplicate results, a good clustering of video search results is essential to enhance user experience as well as improve retrieval performance. Existing systems that cluster videos only consider the video content itself. This paper presents the first system that clusters Web video search results by fusing the evidences from a variety of information sources besides the video content such as title, tags and description. We propose a novel framework that can integrate multiple features and enable us to adopt existing clustering algorithms. We discuss our careful design of different components of the system and a number of implementation decisions to achieve high effectiveness and efficiency. A thorough user study shows that with an innovative interface showing the clustering output, our system delivers a much better presentation of search results and hence increases the usability of video search engines significantly.

Design and Evaluation of Categorical Search Results Interfaces

This research investigates the design and evaluation of interfaces for the presentation of search results using categorization. Card sorting study was conducted to design categorized search results interfaces. Eye-tracking technology was utilized to evaluate the designed category interfaces, comparing them with a conventional list interface. Two factors of category interfaces, the approach used to order categories and the number of abstracts initially displayed within each category, are investigated. Forty participants performed two types of tasks, navigation and information search, using a PC integrated with a non-intrusive Tobii 1750 binocular eye tracking system. Performance measures such as time for search and percentage of tasks completed did not reveal significant differences among the category and list interfaces. Process measures such as overall number of fixations, mean fixation durations, and relative change from the baseline pupil diameter also did not show significant differences among the category and list interfaces. Although no significant differences are found, there is a consistent positive trend in the performance, process, and subjective measures that supports design of categorical search results interfaces.

Towards accessibility to digital cultural materials: a FRBRized approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the key components of building good digital collections.Design/methodology/approachDifferent categories of digital collections based on guidelines defined by the authors are presented. Issues related to public access are illustrated. A model using the FRBR entities relationships is proposed to improve the accessibility of digital cultural materials so that scholarly research can be enhanced. The number of digital collections has been increased significantly since the late 1990s, but few studies investigated how these collections were organized and managed. To attain an understanding of the current status of institutional digital collections, various collection sites were examined and analyzed. The study focused on the existence and level of richness of bibliographic descriptions provided for each image; whether a search engine was available or not; how easily the search could be performed; and how search results were organized. The presentation of search results is problematic. Applying the IFLA FRBR model to digital materials can bring a solution.FindingsThe IFLA FRBR model presents the search results hierarchically so that related materials can be easily collocated. This feature meets the end‐users needs. The attributes of work and expression entities presented in the IFLA FRBR model should be applied differently for event‐based digital cultural materials. Defining work‐ or expression‐level entities under the event or theme will be more logical than under author and/or title for cultural materials. Doing expression‐level cataloging might also work for this type of materials.Originality/valueBefore building a digital collection, institutions should have a well‐thought‐out and well‐planned collection management mechanism. Metadata scheme, content standards and content management system are important fundamentals. Much can be done to improve the accessibility of digital collections. The proposed FRBRized approach will make the retrieval of digital cultural objects easier.

Options for presenting search results

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the growing importance of information available when searching for cited papersDesign/methodology/approachLooks at the different formats available when searching for cited papers and how these formats can be manipulated to provide more relevant information.FindingsAlthough progress has been made to provide user‐friendly citation information, it seems there are more features that might prove useful that have not as yet been implemented.Originality/valueProvides an overview of various options available for searching for cited articles and any relevant information.

Options for presenting search results

PurposeAims to discuss the various options for presenting the output of the search results of various online information systems.Design/methodology/approachInvestigates and evaluates various methods of presenting search results employed by certain online information systems.FindingsDifferent online information systems have different strengths and weaknesses relative to one another, and options present in one system may not be present in others.Originality/valueProvides a comparison of the output of various online information systems, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the systems examined.