Present Scoping Review Research Articles

Digital interventions to support morality: A scoping review.

Morality and moral reasoning develop over the course of life, but such development may encounter obstacles. Psycho-educational interventions could be designed to improve moral reasoning and attitude towards prosociality. In the last decades, many interventions employed digital technologies ranging from multicomponent online platforms to serious games and virtual reality, making use of interactivity and immersive properties that could make moral stimuli more engaging. This study aimed at reviewing the literature on digital interventions to support morality and moral reasoning, carried out with subjects of all age groups. Two electronic databases were searched with a systematic approach, and retrieved publications were scanned by authors against inclusion criteria. Twenty-three articles were reviewed. In general, the literature describes encouraging results of digital interventions to support morality. Moreover, a huge variety of morality conceptualizations emerged across various contexts (e.g., professional, school and sports) as well as various outcome measurements (e.g., change in attitudes and change in behaviour). Effectiveness of digital interventions may relate to immersive and interactive simulations in particular, in that they allow participants not only to learn about moral rules and principles but also to actively exercise their own morality to make decisions. Future research may build on the present scoping review to analyse specific types of interventions' effectiveness with a meta-analytical approach.

Safety and Efficacy of opioid-sparing Anesthesia Compared with Traditional opioid-anesthesia

Objectives: The rationale of adoption opioid sparing anesthesia (OSA) is to achieve perioperative analgesia with a minimal amount of opioid combined to non-opioid adjuvants during and after surgery, namely multimodal anesthesia. The OSA approach was originally developed to overcome the known complications of opioid-based anesthesia (OA) and the present scoping review (ScR) aims at providing the clinical evidence of safety and efficacy of OSA with respect to OA. Methods: This ScR is mainly focused on studies presenting evidence on the safety and efficacy of OSA versus OA. PubMed, EMBASE databases were utilized to find relevant studies. Search strategy included the following keywords: “opioid sparing anesthesia complications, opioid sparing anesthesia efficacy, opioid sparing anesthesia safety”. The findings from the 25 included studies were categorized into the following subsections: article characteristics, goals of the studies, OSA protocols, and surgical settings analyzed. Results: In the 25 reviewed studies, evidence related to the impact of OSA versus OA was considered. Intraoperative safety and efficacy endpoints include hemodynamic stability and anesthetic/analgesic requirements. Postoperative endpoints include early cognitive dysfunction, opioid-induced bowel disorder, the physical status of mothers and newborns after labor and emergency cesarean, systemic immune and inflammation modifications, postoperative recovery, in-hospital and long-term opioid requirement, early postoperative pain, chronic postsurgical pain. The studies reported a lower intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate fluctuations when α2 agonists are adopted, while no differences were recorded for other complication rates. Analysis of OSA approaches for the postoperative conditions includes α2 agonists, NMDA receptor blocking agents, gabapentinoids, nefopam hydrocloride and locoregional anesthesia techniques with a positive impact on most of the endpoints considered. Discussion: The clinical implementation of OSA encompasses the perioperative use of non-opioid drugs and locoregional anesthesia techniques. The reviewed studies reported OSA as a feasible approach to reduce opioid-related complications with no impact on patient’s safety.

Industrial Organizations Adapting to the Novel EU Taxonomy While Developing Socio-Technical Systems: A Literature Review

The EU taxonomy defines criteria for economic activities committed to a net zero emission by 2050, and other environmental goals. Its overall goal is to direct investments to economic activities aligned with the European Green Deal and, thereby, classified as sustainable. For industrial organizations, there is an urgent need to develop adaptive capabilities to meet the requirements set by the new taxonomy. The present scoping review contributes by analyzing academic publications on this topic through the lens of a complex science and systems approach. It analyzes academic publications on the EU taxonomy, related to industrial organizations and their development of socio-technical systems. At the initial stage, 526 scientific publications were retrieved from three web repositories (Scopus, World of Science, and Scholar). Only eight publications matched the selection criteria and constitute the data of this study. Results indicate that there is a lack of holistic perspectives and an unbalanced system response to the EU taxonomy. Adopting a systems approach can help industrial organizations navigate the intricate dynamics of a sustainable transition, striking a balance between adhering to the EU taxonomy and maintaining market competitiveness. The findings emphasize the importance of trans-disciplinary approaches and the need for agile and adaptive ways of learning inside industrial organizations.

What Is the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Anastomotic Leakage After Colorectal Resection? A Scoping Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies.

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) still remains a common complication after colorectal anastomosis that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. The gut microbiota has been hypothesized as one of the risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage. The aim of the present study was to summarize all existing clinical and experimental studies that evaluate the impact of intestinal microbiota on anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection. Methods: The present scoping review was designed according to PRISMA recommendations and a systematic search in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL was conducted until September 2024. Results: Overall, 7 clinical and 5 experimental studies were included. A diminished α-diversity of the gut microbiota in patients suffering from AL was demonstrated. Specific microbe genera, such as Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacterium, Acinetobacter, Fusobacterium, Dielma, Elusimicronium, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium, seem to be associated with AL. However, specific genera, like Prevotella, Streptococcus, Eubacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Actinobacteria, Gordonibacter, Phocaeicola, and Ruminococcus2, seem to be protective against AL. Experimental studies highlighted that the Western diet seems to affect microbiota diversity and increases the AL rate, whereas anastomotic healing seems to be impaired by high metalloproteinase production and increased collagenase activity. Conclusions: The intestinal microbiota seems to play an important role in anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection. Specific interventions targeting the microbiota's composition and the pathophysiological mechanisms by which it impairs anastomotic healing could diminish the risk for anastomotic leakage and improve clinical outcomes. However, future studies should be based on prospective design and eliminate heterogeneity.

The Landscape of Randomized Clinical Trial Meta-analyses on Statins for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Scoping Review.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a type of non-traumatic SAH that can have detrimental effects on the central nervous system, resulting in severe disability or death. Early nimodipine is currently the only strongly recommended pharmacological treatment that has shown efficacy in improving neurological/functional outcomes in aSAH patients. Whether statin treatment is of benefit to aSAH patients is an issue that has generated considerable interest and debate. In the present scoping review, we mapped and analyzed the available literature on metaanalyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effect of statins on aSAH. Seventeen meta-analyses of RCTs, published between 2008 and 2023, were identified. Treatments in included meta-analyses were based on various regimens of simvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin or atorvastatin for up to 21 days. Eleven of the included reports indicated some beneficial effect of statin treatment, reducing rates of at least one of the following: cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia/delayed ischemic neurologic deficit, mortality or functional/ neurological outcome. In contrast, six meta-analyses, showed no such effects. The limitations reported by several meta-analyses, included low patient numbers or disproportionate representation of patients from certain RCTs, differences in drug treatment, patient diagnostic criteria and outcome evaluation between RCTs, as well as poor data quality or lack of RCTs data. Knowledge of the reported limitations may aid the design of future clinical trials and/or their meta-analyses.

The influence of sibling relationship quality on the social, emotional, and behavioral functioning of children and adolescents: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Families play a pivotal role in the development of social-emotional outcomes. Recent research indicates that sibling relationship quality plays a particularly important role in child and adolescent social, emotional, and behavioral development. To date, there are few studies that have translated this information in a manner that is useful for professionals working with children, adolescents, and their families. The present scoping review aims to fill this gap in the literature. Twenty-three empirical studies published between 1990 and 2021 were reviewed and synthesized. Results highlighted the unique ways that sibling negativity and positivity influence the development of social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. Namely, sibling negativity was found to play a primary role in influencing adverse outcomes, such as internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social difficulties. However, in some cases, sibling positivity was found to decrease the incidence of these outcomes. Sibling positivity was also found to be a protective factor in the context of adverse life events, such as trauma. Results indicate a need for assessment strategies aimed at identifying problematic sibling relationship qualities. Additionally, results support the need for interventions that reduce sibling negativity and promote sibling positivity that can be delivered by professionals as well as families.

Implementation Measures to Break the Gender Gap - a Scoping Review

Abstract Background For myocardial infarction, in-hospital lethality is still significantly higher in women than in men in Germany. Medical guidelines and nursing expert standards include recommendations for gender-sensitive care (GSC+), but it is unknown how these are implemented in health care practice. Research question: Which measures facilitate the implementation of GSC+? Methods Systematic literature research was conducted on Pubmed, web of science and CINAHL with adequate keywords connected with Boolean connectors. Results The initial literature search yielded a pool of 23,508 items. After removing irrelevant articles and duplicates 119 articles were included in the present scoping review. Among fifteen generated dimensions, which are summarized to six main dimensions (education, research & science, politics, LGBTQ+ care & education, institutions of care and career advancement), the included articles are related. Education is the dimension with the most identified articles. Key messages of main dimensions are that GSC+ • must be anchored in compulsory subjects of curricula; • must be considered in research. Researchers need to be aware and should follow a structured framework for generating sex-specific guidelines; • can get gain access to politics through purposeful lobby work; • in terms of LGBTQ+ care should be learnt from health care providers to LGBTQ+ people through case studies; • should be implemented strategical through change agents in institutions of care; • can be enhanced through aware women in leading positions, to implement GSC+ successfully. Conclusions The implementation of GSC+ has a positive impact on patient care and could reduce undesirable events or outcomes. To reach the implementation target the politics must set frame conditions and universities, science and health care providers have to integrate them. Moreover, the generation of evidence is important to promote GSC+ so that health care professionals have a defined work assignment for GSC+. Key messages • The research results provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on implementation measures of gender-sensitive care. • Healthcare providers are sensitized to gender-sensitive care so that patient care can be further improved.

Screening cutoff values to identify the risk of falls after stroke: A scoping review.

The present scoping review aimed to summarize and determine the accuracy of the variables and cutoff values reported to date for identifying fall risk in patients with stroke and identify the commonalities, limitations, and clinical implications. Articles published by the end of 2023 were searched using PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus electronic databases. Two reviewers created a search formula, searched the databases, and conducted primary and secondary screenings. This review included 21 articles. The most commonly used individual indicator for identifying fall risk after stroke was the Berg Balance Scale; the cutoff values were relatively consistent, ranging between 46.5 and 50.5 points (area under the curve: 0.72-0.81). For the Timed Up and Go test and Falls Efficacy Scale-International, the cutoff values were in the range of 15-19 s and 27-29 points, respectively, and were relatively consistent across the articles. However, the area under the curve values were low (0.66-0.70 and 0.68-0.71, respectively). Among various assessments, the Berg Balance Scale is the most extensively studied tool, with established cutoff values associated with falls risk. It serves as a reliable indicator for detecting fall risk, especially in community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke.

Breast cancer radiobiology: The renaissance of whole breast radiation fractionation (Review).

Breast cancer radiotherapy has evolved significantly, driven by decades of research into fractionation schedules aimed at optimizing treatment efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Initial trials such as NSABP B-06 and EBCTCG meta-analyses established the benefits of adjuvant whole-breast irradiation in reducing local recurrence and improving survival rates. The linear-quadratic (LQ) model provided a framework to understand tissue response to radiation, highlighting the importance of the α/β ratio in determining fractionation sensitivity. The present scoping review aimed to identify and describe hypofractionation regimens for whole breast radiotherapy and evaluate dose differences using the LQ model across proposed α/β ratios. A comprehensive PubMed search for clinical trials published since 2010 on hypo-fractionated regimens was performed. Studies discussing α/β ratios for breast cancer have been also searched. Data on dose, fractions and α/β ratios were collected, and biologically effective dose (BED) and equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions were calculated. The coefficient of variation for BED varied with α/β ratios, showing the lowest variability for an α/β ratio of ~3 without tumor repopulation and increased with repopulation (BED-kT; k is a constant that depends on the repopulation rate of the tumor, and T is the total treatment time in days). Significant differences in BED variances were observed across α/β ratios (F-statistic 219.6, P<0.0001). START trials (P, A, and B) established α/β ratios of 3-4 Gy for breast cancer and normal tissues, confirming that hypofractionation is as effective as standard fractionation with potentially fewer late toxicities. Subsequent trials, such as FAST and FAST-Forward, demonstrated that ultra-hypofractionation is equivalent in tumor compared with conventional regimens. Further research is needed to gain a stronger understanding of radiobiological properties of breast cancer cells. Advances in radiotherapy technologies and the integration of biomarkers, radiomics and genomics are transforming treatment, moving towards precision medicine.

A comprehensive scoping review of global educational strategies and outcomes in aedes-borne disease control

BackgroundAedes mosquito is the primary vector of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses that threaten public health worldwide. Many efforts have been made to develop interventions to control the Aedes mosquito. This scoping review was conducted to identify the nature and scope of educational interventions to prevent and control diseases transmitted through the Aedes mosquito. The findings can be used to evaluate, compare, and develop appropriate control strategies.MethodsThe present scoping review was conducted in 2023 and used Arksey and O’Malley’s approach, which involves five key stages. To search for academic papers, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were used with a combination of keywords about Aedes mosquitoes, educational interventions, and disease prevention and control. The search was not limited by the publication date, yet only included studies published in English. Studies were included that reported the educational interventions about Aedes mosquito control at the community or organizational level. The screening of papers was done based on the PRISMA-ScR guideline. Excel 2019 was used for data analysis.ResultsInitially, 3,172 papers were extracted, and after screenings and reviews, a total number of 45 final papers were selected. The studies focused on educational interventions. Twenty interventional studies were at the organizational level and 25 at the community level. The latter was the most commonly used strategy. Interventions using educational approaches have achieved sustainable results. Out of the forty-five studies, twenty-one were assessed to have a low risk of bias.ConclusionsThe present scoping review evaluates the effectiveness of educational interventions at various community levels for controlling Aedes-borne diseases, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary collaboration. Controlling Aedes mosquitoes using education and attracting the community’s participation is an effective approach to reduce diseases transmitted through Aedes. The development of education at different levels of the community, such as educational and occupational environments, can play a role in the effectiveness of societal education and can be more cost-effective. Maintaining the effect of this approach is challenging because it requires multi-sector and multidisciplinary team participation and active community engagement over the long term. Further research is required to explore the removal of barriers to the implementation of educational interventions and the consistency of effects.

Using heart rate variability to predict neurological outcomes in preterm infants: a scoping review.

Infants born preterm are at higher risk of neurological complications, including intraventricular haemorrhage and white matter injury. After discharge, these infants may experience adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and exhibit lower educational attainment. Early detection of brain injury and accurate prediction of neurodevelopmental impairment would allow early intervention and support. Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the variation of time intervals between each subsequent heartbeat. HRV is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which may be affected by hypoxia and compromised blood flow. While HRV has primarily been investigated in neonatal sepsis, the association between HRV, brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants is less established. The present scoping review examines the utility of HRV monitoring for predicting short-term and long-term neurological outcomes in preterm infants. Following systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, 15 studies were included. Nine studies examined the relationship between HRV and brain injury, with all but two showed an association. Eight studies examined the relationship between HRV and long-term outcomes and all eight found an association. This scoping review suggests that decreased HRV in the neonatal period is associated with short- and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. IMPACT: Changes in heart rate variability correlate with the occurrence of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants. A decrease in heart rate variability may precede the development of intraventricular haemorrhage. Alterations in heart rate variability correlate with long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Significant variability exists in metrics used in assessing heart rate variability.

Surgical decisions on implant-related parameters can enhance knowledge transfer for glenoid bone grafting in primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a scoping review of heterogeneity sources.

The purpose of the present scoping review is to identify sources of heterogeneity in reporting domains that have the potential to improve surgical decision-making in reverse shoulder arthroplasty associated with glenoid bone grafting. A scoping review was conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA ScR guidelines. Articles covering glenoid bone grafting at the time of reverse shoulder replacement, published between 2012 and 2022 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Epistemonikos, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched. Reporting of core outcome measures, as well as prosthesis-related variables, rehabilitation protocols, radiographic evaluation methods, and bone graft incorporation assessments, were collected. For the final analysis, a total of 14 articles were considered. There were 649 operated shoulders with a mean patient age of 72 years, ranging from 48 to 85 years. Analysis of preoperative ranges of motion and patient-reported outcome measures revealed increased heterogeneity in patient selection between studies. Reporting of implant-related parameters was the most inconsistent. Rehabilitation protocols were scarcely reported. Assessment of graft incorporation and radiographic evaluation of choice revealed that there is no consistent method or measurement and the clinical relevance of radiolucent lines at the graft-glenoid bone interface is unclear. Addressing implant-related reporting gaps has the highest potential to improve surgical decision-making and provide orthopedic surgeons with a more comprehensive understanding of published results on glenoid bone grafting at the time of primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

The Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination in Humans and Periodontitis: A Scoping Review.

Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by dysbiotic dental biofilms that trigger the host's immune response. Periodontitis is a type of periodontal disease characterized by the destruction of tissues that support the teeth. The disease is influenced by various systemic and environmental risk factors. As heavy metals have been associated with the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, the present scoping review aimed to determine the coverage of the literature on whether human contamination by heavy metals affects periodontitis, as well as their mechanisms of action. Eight studies were selected, and two reviewers evaluated them. Most studies were cross-sectional studies involving humans and one study was performed on rats. Our review revealed a significant correlation between periodontitis and bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium. Oxidative stress generated by trace metals, characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, causes tissue damage through lipid peroxidation, enzymatic oxidation, and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, heavy metals contamination may be a risk factor for the development of periodontitis. Oxidative stress factors seem to increase the extent of the inflammatory response.

Application of digital workflow and technologies in clinical paediatric dentistry: a scoping review.

The purpose of the present scoping review is to map the literature reporting on the application of digital workflows and digital technologies in the diagnosis, treatment, or management of dental conditions in paediatric patients. Furthermore, the review focuses on identifying possible knowledge gaps in the area and developing specific recommendations for future investigations. An electronic search was performed on 3 databases up to July 2023. After the authors independently screened the retrieved articles, they extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias using the JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) critical appraisal tools and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 1 tool, depending on the study design assessed. After full-text assessment, 58 studies were identified that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were divided into two groups according to the study design: 36 were research articles, and 22 were case reports; only the research articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. The most common topic was Scanners/3d digital model analysis (11 articles), followed by Digital Imaging (8 articles). Digital applications were also a popular topic, and tele-dentistry and artificial intelligence were also present in the included studies. Studies investigating the use of digital workflows and digital technologies in the diagnosis, treatment or management of dental conditions in paediatric dentistry are lacking. In general, future investigations should be based on higher quality studies; furthermore, the lack of studies on the clinical validation of digitally fabricated orthodontic devices and restorations in paediatric patients provides insights for future research.

Longitudinal studies of leadership development: a scoping review

Although various reviews about leadership development (LD) have been published in recent years, no one has attempted to systematically review longitudinal LD studies, which is arguably the most appropriate way to study LD (Day, Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 561–571, 2011). In this way, the focus of the present scoping review is to understand how true longitudinal LD studies have been investigated and what inconsistencies exist, primarily from a methodological perspective. Only business contexts and leadership-associated outcomes are considered. To achieve this, ample searches were performed in five online databases from 1900 to 2021 that returned 1023 articles after the removal of duplicates. Additionally, subject experts were consulted, reference lists of key studies were cross-checked, and handsearch of leading leadership journals was performed. A subsequent and rigorous inclusion process narrowed the sample down to 19 articles. The combined sample contains 2,776 participants (67% male) and 88 waves of data (average of 4.2). Evidence is mapped according to participants, setting, procedures, outcomes, analytical approach, and key findings. Despite many strengths, a lack of context diversity and qualitative designs are noticed. A thematic analysis indicates that LD authors are focused on measuring status, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. Implications for knowledge and future research paths are discussed.

Motherhood Penalty and Labour Market Integration of Immigrant Women: A Review on Evidence from Four OECD Countries

Among several reasons preventing the effective labour market integration of immigrant women, the motherhood penalty and unpaid care responsibilities stand out prominently. In line with this, the present scoping review shows how motherhood affects the labour market integration of immigrant women in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. This review shows that parenthood exacerbates the gender pay gap and limits labour market access, favouring men with children over immigrant mothers. Moreover, the effect of the motherhood penalty might be moderated by the level of education, age of the children, and the country of origin/ethnicity of immigrants. In the four countries examined, labour market outcomes for immigrant women are particularly poor. Factors contributing to this include limited language proficiency, traditional gender norms that restrict the full-time employment of certain groups of immigrant women, and institutional barriers like work-permit processing delays. To address these challenges, Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA have implemented various policies facilitating immigrant mothers’ workforce participation. These measures include language and legal-system education, subsidised childcare, and integration programmes for both mothers and children. Additionally, some programmes in Canada and the USA provide employment assistance and financial support for childcare, while Australia and the UK offer comprehensive integration and settlement services.

The Potential of Ambroxol as a Panacea for Neonatal Diseases: A Scoping Review.

Ambroxol, a commonly used mucolytic agent, has been extensively studied for its clinical effectiveness in managing respiratory conditions in pediatric and adult patients. The existing body of research on ambroxol demonstrates its safety and efficacy. However, its potential role in preventing and treating neonatal diseases still needs to be explored. This scoping review aims to shed light on the unexplored potential of ambroxol, particularly its applications in perinatal and neonatal care. We aim to offer valuable insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and academics, thus presenting a positive perspective. Key scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Europe PMC were meticulously searched for relevant literature on ambroxol in perinatal and neonatal medicine. Gray literature was also surveyed, and the search encompassed all study designs and languages up to June 2024. Furthermore, citations and reference lists of relevant articles were scrutinized to identify additional pertinent literature. Ambroxol has demonstrated promising effects in preventing and managing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It can enter the placental circulation and rapidly build up in human lung tissue to a much greater extent than in plasma. It promotes fetal lung maturation, surfactant production, and alveolar expansion. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of antenatal and postnatal ambroxol in the prevention and treatment of RDS. Ambroxol has the potential to be administered intravenously or through nebulization, offering the hopeful possibility of reducing the high failure rate typically associated with non-invasive ventilation in extremely preterm infants, instilling a sense of hope and optimism about the potential of ambroxol. It also shows potential in treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and neonatal infections. Ambroxol has been observed to assist in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants by inhibiting vasodilator agents such as nitric oxide and exerting vasoconstrictive properties. However, these biological actions may raise concerns regarding the potential induction of pulmonary hypertension and an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. The present scoping review also examines the clinical evidence and the potential of ambroxol in reducing the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Ambroxol may have potential analgesic properties in managing neonatal pain, and as it can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it suggests potential neuroprotective properties. These properties may encompass the modulation of microglial activation and the antagonistic impact on glutamate receptors. Ambroxol's attributes could contribute to a decreased susceptibility to neurological complications and have demonstrated anticonvulsant effects in preclinical studies. While low-to-moderate-quality evidence indicates potential applications of ambroxol in neonatal care, further research is needed to determine the drug's optimal dosing, timing, and safety profiles in this patient population. We need to investigate ambroxol's potential synergistic effects with antenatal steroids. Exploration is required to assess ambroxol's potential in reducing the high failure rate associated with non-invasive respiratory support for RDS. Lastly, comprehensive studies on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates exposed to ambroxol are essential.

Mental health needs assessment for youth in out of school programs: A scoping review

AbstractOut‐of‐school programs are an accessible option to bolster the mental well‐being of youth, who may be at risk of developing further emotional and behavioural concerns. Developing a more nuanced understanding of the tools and methods available to understand youth mental health needs, in the context of out‐of‐school programs is needed to provide relevant services. However, many out‐of‐school programs do not include such an assessment. One barrier to doing so may be a lack of knowledge regarding the tools that can be used in this specialised context. The present scoping review was conducted to identify the tools that have been used to determine the emotional and behavioural needs of youth attending out‐of‐school programs and to synthesise information regarding the context in which these tools have been used. Fifty‐seven articles met the criteria for the review, and within these articles, 69 unique measures of emotional and behavioural needs were identified. The measures were sorted into six thematic categories (self‐concept, emotion and behaviour regulation, mood, general mental health, social skills and resilience) and relevant characteristics were described. The findings of the present review may be helpful to out‐of‐school programs as a step to best meet the needs of participating youth. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

Technological aspects and recommendations for applying teledentistry in oral medicine: a scoping review

BackgroundTeledentistry is applied in oral medicine to help dental practitioners and specialists manage complex oral conditions. This scoping review aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the technical requirements and the provision of security services, as well as the recommendations on standard oral cavity photography methods for using teledentistry in oral medicine.MethodThe present scoping review was conducted in 2022 according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual. Four databases were systematically searched, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, from January 1999 to December 2021. After finalizing the search strategy, all the original articles, reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and book chapters were included. All the dissertations uploaded in English with a full-text electronic file were also included to achieve a comprehensive picture of the available literature. Two types of analysis were applied: the quantitative descriptive analysis applying Excel 2016 and the qualitative thematic analysis using MAXQDA version 10.ResultsThe included papers were published during 1999–2021. Most of the included articles were from Brazil (n = 9, 21.43%), India (n = 6, 14.28%), the USA (n = 6, 14.28%), and the UK (n = 5, 11.90%). Social media usage as a teledentistry platform increased considerably between 2019 and 2021. Teledentistry platforms have been classified into four categories, including email, telephone, social network applications (WhatsApp, zoom, Google Meeting, Instagram, line Application, Viber, and Messenger), and teledentistry systems (teledentistry systems, which were designed specially to perform a teledentistry project). Teledentistry has been conducted to store and forward (n = 15, 30.71%), real-time (n = 9, 21.43%), or both (n = 12, 35.71%). According to the thematic results, basic technical requirements have been categorized into four, including teledentistry platform, type of interactions, internet connection, and photography tool. Other thematic results demonstrate seven categories of recommendations, including general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of a mobile phone camera, photo sending requirements, and photo visualization.ConclusionAccording to the results, over the past 7 years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, social network applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom have been used more frequently. Also, photography recommendations with a mobile phone camera depend on several factors such as general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of the mobile phone camera, and photo-sending requirements. Given the increased use of mobile cameras for oral photography, these recommendations can help improve the quality of images and subsequently improve the reliability of clinical decision-making in managing patients' conditions.

A Scoping Review on the Effects of Kinesio Taping on Oropharyngeal Function Related to Swallowing and Feeding.

Following the expansion of interdisciplinary communication among rehabilitative service providers, new techniques have been introduced for treating swallowing disorders. Kinesio taping (KT) is one of the recently noticed techniques in the rehabilitation of swallowing and feeding disorders. Given the novelty of this technique in research and practice, the present scoping review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the effects of KT on the oropharyngeal function related to swallowing, and to identify current knowledge gaps to guide future studies. The initial comprehensive search was conducted in the six databases in November 2022 and then was updated in June 2023. Studies were independently reviewed by two authors to exclude all types of reviews and study protocols, studies published only in an abstract form and also studies that used KT for improving voice and dysarthria symptoms. The methodology of the included studies was also critically appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standard tools by two authors. The results of the studies were categorized and reported based on their overall objectives. In final analysis, 21 articles were described. Study designs ranged from randomized control trials (RCTs) to the case reports. The effects of KT had been investigated on drooling, oral feeding skills of infants, immediate activation of swallowing muscles, and management of dysphagia in patients with stroke or cerebral palsy (CP). Although innovative approaches to use KT as a therapeutic method in swallowing disorders have been investigated in the studies, there are many methodological limitations that affected validity of the results. In general, it seems there is not enough evidence to add KT to the usual management of feeding and swallowing disorders yet. Further studies, therefore, are required to achieve more accurate conclusions in each of the objectives summarized in this study.