Present Day Research Articles

Was Christum treibet

The hermeneutical problem with the Holy Scriptures, namely, the distance between the authors’ worldview and the present day, can be seen in all periods of Ecclesiastical History. Seeking answers for the present day is, intrinsically, the function of theologians. However, the question that remains is: to what extent can the current context influence the reading and interpretation of the Bible? Could the sacred texts be distorted when compared to the present day? This article aims to research the theology of Martin Luther, with regard to his hermeneutics in dealing with the Holy Scriptures. Luther was a great defender of the correct interpretation of the Scriptures from their center, that is, from that which promotes Christ – was Christum treibet. Based on the search for sources and the history of Luther’s debates with the Roman Church of his time, as well as his adversaries, the author wants to expose his theological decisions here. Luther does not have a literalist reading of the texts, but he uses the center, which is Christ, as his sieve. It is from this center that all the other parts are elucidated. Therefore, it is important to study grammar, as well as to count on the action of the Holy Spirit, so that the texts can be well distinguished and understood based on what promotes Christ.

Harmonizing human-computer interaction: Exploring evolution and integration in media and computing

Abstract. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), media, and computing, examining its historical evolution and contemporary challenges. From the rudimentary interfaces of the 1970s to the immersive digital experiences of the present day, HCI has undergone a profound transformation, driven by advancements in technology and changing user expectations. The convergence of media and computing technologies has blurred traditional boundaries, reshaping user interactions and opening new frontiers for research and innovation. Through quantitative analysis and mathematical modeling, researchers gain insights into user behavior, preferences, and interactions, informing the design of more intuitive and engaging interactive systems. However, this integration also poses challenges related to cross-platform compatibility, ethical considerations, and accessibility. By embracing user-centered design principles, ethical stewardship, and technological innovation, HCI researchers and practitioners can navigate these challenges and shape the future of HCI-Media-Computing integration.

A thorny problem: defining weeds from the medieval to the present

Weeds are a troublesome category because they are plants with a mind of their own. They do not fall neatly into human dichotomies of wild plants versus domesticated plants, and as such have defied absolute definition for hundreds of years. This article traces attempts to define and study weeds from the late medieval period to the present day across disciplinary boundaries, moving between early modern agricultural writing, contemporary weed science, environmental history and archaeology, and biogeography. Two approaches to the study of weeds are laid out in this article: how people have defined the word weed over the course of centuries, and how the concept of the weed has been applied to specific plants. Drawing from work in vegetal agency and relationality, this article argues for weeds to be understood as unintended plants that play a role as neighbors and partners in agroecological systems rather than as unwanted plants, bad plants, or plants in the wrong place. Ultimately, this article argues for this ecological understanding of weeds as independent actors as a way to push scholars to recontextualize the ways in which they study the histories and futures of more-than-human elements in the world, particularly plants.

The Acculturation of Pakistanis in Singapore

ABSTRACT This article explores the process of acculturation for Pakistanis in Singapore and their later generation descendants from the country’s colonial period to the present day, focusing on the complexities brought about by migration, colonialism, and nationhood. It analyses how the historical context, namely Singapore’s unique position as a multicultural British colony situated in the Malay peninsula has shaped the experiences of this diaspora community in a variety of ways. Using qualitative research methods and employing cross-cultural psychologist John Berry’s acculturation strategies and multicultural adaptation hypothesis, the article argues that the acculturation process has been facilitated by the sense of cultural and socio-economic security among Pakistani immigrants and their families, amidst evolving political developments and top-down policies during Singapore’s transition from a British colony to an independent nation. The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of diaspora experiences in multicultural societies and provide insights into the complex dynamics of acculturation in a rapidly changing social context.

Environmental Policy vs. the Reality of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Top Emitting Countries

The 21st century climate crisis has been compounded by the COVID-19 health crisis and the Russian war. What at first appeared to be an opportunity to move towards sustainable growth and development has turned into the opposite. In this context, it seems necessary to pause and analyze what countries are doing and where they are heading in order to ensure that their environmental efforts are not in vain. This article analyzes the environmental policies of the seven countries emitting the most GHGs from 1990 to the present day and compares them with the reality of their emissions. These behaviors are extrapolated into the future and, finally, conclusions are drawn as to which countries are not fully living up to their commitments, which have implemented the most effective measures, and where particular attention needs to be directed for maximum efficiency in decarbonizing the energy mix.

HPB SO52 - Ambulatory Management of Acute Pancreatitis (A-MAP) – Novel approach: A Pilot study

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a very common problem, and its incidence is increasing over time. NICE guidelines, describes incidence of AP in UK is around 56 cases / 100000 population. Majority of AP cases are self-limiting, whereas only 15% of patients develop serious complications, with an overall mortality of 5%. Traditionally, Patients with AP managed as inpatients with much pressure on NHS resources. As we now have better understanding of AP, pain becomes the main concern in management of AP, as most of cases are self-limiting. The aim is to set a protocol for outpatient management of patients with mild AP. Method All patient diagnosed with mild acute pancreatitis according to revised Atlanta criteria (2012), aged 18 – 85, living within 1 hour from the hospital, and being attended by a responsible adult at home are eligible to be included in the study. The management plan includes; pain control, antiemetic, PPIs, oral intake (fluids & low fat diet). A phone call next day of presentation. Patient review on the second day and tenth day following the presentation. All patient provided with Information leaflet with all warning symptoms and contact details in case of worsening symptoms. Results Over the period between March 2023 and April 2024, 18 patients (8 Males) with median age 47.5 (IQR 19) included in this prospective study. Ten patients have gallstones/biliary sludge, seven patients known to have alcoholic pancreatitis, & one patient where no cause could identified. All patients managed as outpatients as the protocol, except one female patient who lost follow up on day 2, as she reported no symptoms. Out of the 10 patients who have gallstones/ sludge; six patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy and one patient had laparoscopic cholecystectomy with bile duct exploration within two weeks from their index presentation (70%). Conclusion This pilot study shows the feasibility of this novel approach of ambulatory management of patients presented with mild acute pancreatitis, with compliance to NICE guidelines by offering patients laparoscopic cholecystectomy within two weeks from presentation in cases of biliary pancreatitis. There is a need for a wider study possibly multicentre with the option of subgroup analysis by the cause of pancreatitis, frequency of presentation, and presence of element of chronic pancreatitis.

PUBLIC POLICIES ON DRUGS: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF THE BRAZILIAN PUNITIVIST MODEL

This article presents a critical analysis of the evolution of drug policies in Brazil, from the colonial period to the present day. The research demonstrates how the prohibitionist model, present since the Philippine Ordinances, has consolidated itself as the only strategy for combating drugs over the centuries, undergoing few changes only in the last three decades. The historical analysis reveals a hardening of laws, especially during the Civil-Military Dictatorship, with the criminalization of drug use and the strengthening of the logic of the “War on Drugs”. With the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, there was a paradigm shift, with the recognition of health as a fundamental right and the creation of the Unified Health System. Despite this, the prohibitionist model persisted, albeit with some nuances. The article reflects on the ineffectiveness of the prohibitionist model in reducing consumption and organized crime, defending the need for a more humanitarian approach based on scientific evidence. Finally, this work also proposed to critically analyze current public policies, unraveling the characteristics of each of them.

Integrated Framework for Enhancing Liveability and Ecological Sustainability in UAE Communities

Urban growth is vast in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) due to economic development, and there is a need to consider liveability and sustainable ecosystems for future urban expansion. Promising strategies for sustainability focus on minimizing a building’s effects on the environment and improving residents’ quality of life, which is important in the desert and when confronting the issues of water and climate change. Sustainable practices that impact the livelihood of people in the UAE include factors such as walkable areas, open space, policing, healthcare, education, housing, and ensuring friendly transport that enhance the overall quality of life of residents in the region. Recognizing and appreciating the UAE’s cultural values is crucial when incorporating these aspects, allowing references to the nation’s character when creating communal areas. The primary research included quantitative surveys of three identified communities, composed of fifty participants each, where the findings indicate partial to full compliance, with 85.7% of the liveability indices being about public transport and green space. Through this analysis, liveability and sustainability principles need to be trialed and incorporated into future urban development to embrace the ecology as well as the inhabitants. To realize these targets, the proposed study adopted a four-part approach. Initially, an analysis of related studies concerning the UAE or the Gulf area was carried out to obtain important liveability and quality-of-life factors. A total of 6 dimensions and 51 indicators were extracted from the literature to inform the next stage. Subsequently, the authors identified and evaluated the design of three chosen communities in various cities in the UAE concerning liveability and sustainability indices. Consequently, a conceptual redesign of a typical community was made, illustrating the improved quality of life and sustainability. Lastly, a survey with respective facets from an urban planning architect and environmental scientist cum environmental economist was conducted to evaluate the practicality of the proposed design. This research gives a comprehensive picture of how liveability and sustainable ecosystem concepts need to be implemented in the UAE urban context and offers a direction to develop lively, context-specific, culturally attached, and sustainable urban environments for the present day and for the future.

The Transformation of Form and Function on Pottery of Banyumulek Lombok

The pottery of banyumulek Lombok has existed since ancient times, dating back to the Sasak kingdom, and continues to the present day. This study aims to analyze the transformation of form and function in Banyumulek Lombok pottery. Qualitative research uses data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The pottery samples were collected purposively. The data analysis method uses the Miles and Huberman model, which involves data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. The research findings show hat before 1988, the appearance of Banyumulek Lombok pottery needed to be more varied and was used solely for daily household purposes. After 1988, variations on form began emerge, and today, there are numerous forms with various creative designs.

Analysis of Malware Detection Using Various Machine Learning Approach

The number one goal of this research is to decorate existing methodologies for malware detection via developing a robust and scalable version that robotically identifies malware via the analysis of difficult styles inside both records and code, moving beyond traditional signature-primarily based methods. constructing on previous studies that have efficaciously implemented more than a few devices getting to know techniques, this technique will integrate each supervised and unsupervised studying algorithm. especially, category strategies consisting of choice bushes, random forests, and help vector machines, which have validated accuracies starting from 85% to 95%, could be utilized along superior deep getting to know frameworks, which includes neural networks, which have said accuracies exceeding 96% in positive contexts. by means of education these fashions on an in depth and various dataset that consists of both benign and malicious files, this study aims to improve the version's generalization abilities, consequently allowing it to efficiently perceive new, previously unknown malware variants. The overall performance of the proposed model can be rigorously evaluated against installed benchmarks and metrics, consisting of accuracy, precision, bear in mind, and the false tremendous fee, making sure its efficacy in actual-time malware detection eventualities. This multifaceted technique not best seeks to develop the sphere of cybersecurity but also builds on the foundational paintings of others, offering a greater adaptive and proactive way of malware identification that aligns with present day developments in gadget studying and cybersecurity studies

Renaissance Self-Fashioning after 44 Years: Hybridity, Conversos, Individuation, and littérature totale

Abstract While Stephen Greenblatt’s 1980 book, Renaissance self-fashioning: from More to Shakespeare, was methodologically innovative within the field of literary criticism, his work also grew from the roots of Jacob Burckhardt’s old cultural history, and his method of new historicism developed alongside the new cultural history. Although certain parts of Burckhardt’s arguments have been discarded, the work of Greenblatt and others has continued to build upon his foundation. Courtiership, anxiety, and the relationship between outward and interior identities, text and context, hybridity, and individuation are all useful concepts for constructing less monolithic understandings of early modern identities. With a European scale, this article traces early modern historiography and literary criticism from the nineteenth century to 2024 and introduces historical examples of identity formation from early modern England, France, Iberia, the Italian peninsula, and the Holy Roman Empire. The article reflects upon early modern examples of self-fashioning in the light of Burckhardt, the Annales, Greenblatt, and others who have contributed to our understanding of agency and identity up to the present day, arguing that these historians and literary scholars have worked together to answer questions that are fundamentally psychological in nature.

Muqaran Tafsir Method: Its History, Basis and Implications

Tafsir, examined in terms of its methods, is divided into two categories: general and specific methods. In general, discussions on the interpretation of the Qur'an can be conducted through four methods: Ijmali (global), tahlili (analytical), muqaran (comparative), and maudu'i (thematic). One of these four methods is the muqaran method, which means comparative or comparative analysis. The discussion of muqaran explains the comparison between one interpretation and another, whether related to Quranic verses with other Quranic verses, verses with hadiths, and the opinions of commentators. The purpose of this research is to present various opinions related to the muqaran method, its emergence, foundation, and urgency, as well as its steps and the strengths and weaknesses of muqaran interpretation. This research is qualitative and employs library research by referring to previous studies. The findings indicate that muqaran interpretation has been practiced since the time of Prophet Muhammad until the present day. Muqaran interpretation is also crucial for appreciating its inherent advantages.

Визнання Голодомору геноцидом українського народу Французькою Республікою

The article, based on the electronic archives of the Senate and the National Assembly, analyzes the vicissitudes of recognition of the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide of the Ukrainian people. The French Republic was one of the first in the world to ratify the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide on December 9, 1948, but until the beginning of 2023, at the official level, the Holodomor of 1932–1933 was not recognized as a genocide of the Ukrainian people. Such a situation has an understandable explanation. First, until 1991, France was interested in cooperation with the Soviet Union, and after its collapse with the Russian Federation, whose governments fundamentally denied the genocidal nature of the Holodomor, appealing to the fact that it was simply the consequences of the regime’s failed economic policy. Secondly, until V. Yushchenko came to power in 2005 and the adoption by the Verkhovna Rada of the Law on the Holodomor of 1932–1933 in Ukraine, unfortunately, Ukraine also did not pursue a purposeful policy regarding the international recognition of this genocide. And, thirdly, this issue was not a priority for either French politicians or the French public, since it did not directly affect their interests, and in most cases it was simply unknown by them. Therefore, the first French initiatives to recognize the Holodomor as genocide appeared only at the beginning of the 21st century. Naturally, they were unsuccessful, because they did not have the appropriate resonance. Proposals for resolutions on the recognition of the Holodomor as genocide, submitted on May 10, 2001 by Senators Jean-Claude Carle and Serge Mathieu, on November 30, 2006 by Deputy Christian Vanneste, as well as the request of Senator Gilbert Chabroux dated April 7, 2004, were not considered. But even when the answer was given, as in the case of Senator Jean-Pierre Vial’s request in January 2005 to the Minister of Foreign Affairs Michel Barnier, it was reduced to the fact that the use of the term “genocide” to describe the events of 1932–1933 is debatable, and the historical interpretation should initially be carried out by the interested states. As evidenced by the analysis of the minutes of the meetings of the upper and lower houses, until 2022, French parliamentarians only sporadically mentioned the Holodomor in the context of discussing other genocides of the 20th century. After February 24, 2022, the situation changes radically, the majority of French parliamentarians begin to consider the recognition of the Holodomor as an act of genocide as their duty to restore historical justice. We observe the attempts of French senators and deputies to draw symbolic parallels between the genocide of 1932–1933 and the Russian crimes of 2022–2023, in particular the mass deportation of Ukrainian children and the desire to deny the existence of the Ukrainian nation. Russia’s blockade of the export of Ukrainian provision through Black Sea ports has even more actualized the discourse of the Holodomor, and the strikes on the energy infrastructure in the autumn and winter of 2022 and 2023 provoked discussions about the “Holodomor” (paronomasia, in Ukrainian “holod” mean “cold”). The speeches of the Head of the Verkhovna Rada, R. Stefanchuk, before the National Assembly and the Senate caused considerable resonance among French parliamentarians, and laterbecame one of the arguments in favor of the urgency of adopting the Resolutions recognizing the Holodomor as genocide. The Senate started discussions sooner, but passed the Resolution later than the National Assembly. So, as early as December 9, 2022, a group of senators led by Joëlle Garriaud-Maylam and Nadia Sollogoub submitted a proposal for a corresponding resolution, which was put up for discussion and voting only on May 17, 2023. Instead, Anne Genetet registered the project in the National Assembly on January 27, 2023, and already on March 28 it was voted. Analysis of the discussion of these Resolutions in National Assembly and Senate allows us to single out a number of regularities. First, the majority of parliamentarians supported these documents. Secondly, both historical arguments and parallels with the present day, that is, Russian aggression aimed at the destruction of the Ukrainian nation, were cited in favor of their adoption. Thirdly, the communists and individual representatives of the far-right Rassemblement National opposed it, the main explanations of which were the insufficient justification of the genocidal nature of the Holodomor, and, most importantly, the unwillingness to worsen relations with Moscow. But, despite all vicissitudes, in the first half of 2023, two chambers of the French parliament recognized the Holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide of the Ukrainian people. Key words: genocide, Holodomor, National Assembly, Senate, resolution, Ukraine, French Republic.

Decline of student engagement in online studies

This research in progress examines student engagement in online synchronous learning sessions, focusing on trends from extended lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic to the present day within a higher education pathways subject. While our longitudinal data provides insights into declining student engagement trends, the reliance on chat messages within online synchronous sessions as the primary measure of engagement may only partially capture the multifaceted nature of student engagement. By re-examining the student engagement model by Kahu, we identified a possible direct link with student structural factors as influences on student engagement. As a result, we propose a model representation that further emphasises the interrelated influences of multiple dimensions of student engagement. The next phase of this study is to develop a broader range of engagement metrics, including direct feedback from students, which is expected to provide a better understanding of student engagement trends.

FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NO MUNICÍPIO DE VENDA NOVA DO IMIGRANTE: UMA CARACTERIZAÇÃO

This work is an excerpt from the master's dissertation entitled Collaborative continuing education: an experience with physical education teachers in Venda Nova do Imigrante. This text does not intend to exhaust the information about education in the municipality, but only to briefly characterize the history of education in the municipality. The study points out the development process of the region since the arrival of the first immigrants, through the establishment of its first school, and continuing to education in the present day, pointing out the training model adopted by the municipality in recent years according to official documents.

Fifty years of teacher education in South Africa: towards systematic learning and social transformation

ABSTRACT The article tracks key moments in teacher education policy and curriculum in South Africa from the 1970s to the present day. Political and social features of education in each decade are outlined, from a racialised and fragmented system of teacher education, to the imagining of alternatives, and the imperative for educational transformation. The article pays special attention to the role of teacher education in a national agenda of social reconstruction within the goals of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa, to establish a post-apartheid society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights. Drawing on a conception of teaching as organising systematic learning, we track ways in which changes in teacher education policy have enabled or restricted opportunities for systematic learning for students in different social contexts, and towards advancing equity. We argue that insights from strong theoretical frameworks create conditions of possibility for student teachers to analyse and interrogate their observations and experiences within the existing schooling system. In so doing, they potentially become agents of transformation, as they imagine practical possibilities for improving teaching in and beyond their immediate school and contextual realities. At the same time, we note the limitation of too narrow a focus on systematised knowledge, without sufficient attention to the life histories and aspirations of student teachers themselves. We suggest that a crucial way forward is to consider how personal development, teacher knowledges and classroom experiences and interactions work symbiotically to support student teachers’ pedagogic learning, even against the enduring challenges of severe inequalities in South Africa. This requires attention to how knowledge informs teaching, how curricula can support the process of learning to teach, and how systematic learning can be nurtured in the pursuit of social transformation.

A certain idea of space: France, Germany, and the question of geopolitics in Europe

ABSTRACT Given the traditional centrality of their bilateral relationship, France and Germany face calls to lead the way towards more integrated EU geopolitics, but meanings and implications remain vaguer than in other policy areas. What is geopolitics, and why seem France and Germany to be struggling to cooperate? To answer these questions, the article opts for an etymologically narrower definition than most contributions, focusing on the territorial politics of influence spheres. Tracing the evolution of distinct national intellectual traditions from the late-nineteenth century to the present day, France’s geopolitical orientation is interpreted as longitudinal, seeking a separate influence sphere between western and eastern powers, reaching across the Mediterranean into the Sahel. Germany’s traditional orientation is characterised as latitudinal, looking towards Eurasia and across the Atlantic. Bridging critical and classical geopolitics, the article argues that current tensions arise where France’s traditional spatial orientation reflects today’s growing challenges to German conceptions, and vice-versa.

Population exposure to flooding in Small Island Developing States under climate change

Abstract Estimates of current and future population exposure to both coastal and inland flooding do not exist consistently in all Small Island Developing States (SIDS), despite these being some of the places most at risk to climate change. This has primarily been due to a lack of suitable or complete data. In this paper, we utilise a ∼30 m global hydrodynamic flood model to estimate population exposure to coastal and inland flood hazard in all SIDS under present day, as well as under low, intermediate, and very high emissions climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Our analysis shows that present day population exposure to flooding in SIDS is high (19.5% total population: 100 year flood hazard), varies widely depending on the location (3%–66%), and increases under all three climate scenarios—even if global temperatures remain below 2 °C warming (range in percentage change between present day and SSP1-2.6: −4.5%–44%). We find that levels of flood hazard and population exposure are not strongly linked, and that indirect measures of exposure in common vulnerability or risk indicators do not adequately capture the complex drivers of flood hazard and population exposure in SIDS. The most exposed places under the lowest climate change scenario (SSP1-2.6) continue to be the most exposed under the highest climate change scenario (SSP5-8.5), meaning investment in adaptation in these locations is likely robust to climate scenario uncertainty.

THE HISTORY OF CREATION OF MINING AND INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISION IN RUSSIA: WAY FROM BERG COLLEGIUM TO ROSTEKHNADZOR

The history of creation of mining and industrial supervision in Russia raises main stages of its formation: Russian Tsardom (1547–1721), Russian Empire (1721–1917), Soviet period (1922–1991) and post-Soviet period (1991 – present day). The article describes а timeline of mining and industrial supervision in each of indicated stages: description of key regulatory documents, functions of organs, responsible for managing in field a safe conduct of work, associated with use of subsoil.

Language Policy under NEP: 2020 – A Critical Analysis

Education is the backbone of a country. Education also plays vital role to upload national unity. Thus education policy always plays a congruent role in the spread of education in a country. Education policy acts as a basic requirement of a country. Any education policy sets on the analysis of the past. It deals with the need of the present days and also focuses on the possibilities of the future. Like the other countries, India also felt the need of a well- planned education policy to ensure all-round development of our society at large. The new education policy of India enlightens preservation as well as development of all Indian languages but the problem lays in the fact that India being a multilingual and multicultural country will select which particular language as a medium of instruction in the education system. NEP 2020 for the first time harps on introducing mother tongue as a medium of instruction at the primary level. All the relevant aspects of language issues are carefully integrated from paragraphs 4.11 to 4.22 very carefully under the heading ‘Multilingualism’ in NEP 2020. The inclusion of many vernacular languages in educational curriculum will definitely protect endangered languages in India. It will also help the students to be connected with the culture of the nation. Indirectly, this will help our students to increase qualitative creative skills. NEP 2020 has proposed to implement ‘Three-Language-Formula’ to promote multilingualism from the school level. The objective of NEP 2020 is to make the students proficient in different languages and also know the mother tongue to be respectful and knowledgeable about the ancient literature. The objective of this study is to identify the necessity of new education policy (NEP 2020) and its impact on education system of our country for holistic development of the students from primary to higher education. Key Words: Education system, Multilingualism, Multicultural, Holistic Development, Three-Language Formula.