Presence Of Vision Research Articles

Comparison of visual outcomes between medical treatment alone and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in Shiba dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma.

The objective of the study was to evaluate visual outcomes between medical treatment alone (MED) and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation (AGVI) in Shiba dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Records of 65 Shiba dogs (104 eyes) with PACG were retrospectively reviewed. Vision was assessed qualitatively using both the menace response and maze testing. The significance of age, sex, intraocular pressure (IOP), and duration of clinical signs (≤72 h or >72 h) at first presentation (V1) was assessed. Eyes with vision at V1 were divided into groups according to subsequent treatment method (MED versus AGVI), and vision as a survival outcome was compared between group by the Kaplan-Meier method. At V1, 65 eyes (62.5%) of 54 dogs had vision. There was no statistically significant difference in age or sex on the presence of vision at V1. Median IOP was higher in blind (52 mmHg) compared to sighted eyes (28 mmHg) (p < .001). Eyes presenting in ≤72 h of the onset of clinical signs were more likely to have vision (86.7%) compared to those presenting after 72 h (44.1%) (p < .001). By the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the cumulative visual retention rate was significantly higher with AGVI than with MED (69.2% vs. 7.7%; p < .01) at 12 months. The median time to visual loss was 39.9 months with AGVI vs. 1.7 months with MED. AGVI resulted in better visual outcomes than MED and should be considered in Shiba dogs with PACG that are visual at the time of presentation and suitable for surgery.

PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF VISUALITY. PART1

The purpose of the article is a consistent analysis of the problems of phenomenological movement in the theory of vision. It is shown that the theory of vision is connected in the phenomenological project with the tension of playing out subjectivity: 1)in a phenomenologically passive observer, on the one hand, and, 2)in the form of a subject-actor (both the View of grasping phenomena, and the Self constituting the world), on the other hand. The studies of phenomenologists within the framework of considering passivi-ty revealed it in a positive way as affectation. This allowed philosophers to identify a number of so-called deep phenomena (face, Gaze of the Other, trace, etc.). However, the tension between subjectivityin the form of a field of acts and a field of affects was never resolved. Moreover, this tension eventually led to the figure of the aporia of the gift and the given, when the underlying phenomenon cannot be grasped in the presence of vision. This leads to subjectivity being detached from its own world, the Other, and itself. Being only formally ascertained, affectation is thrown into the blind zone of research, which leads to problems in grasping the fullness of vision. The search for a way out of the framework that classical phenomenologists imposed on themselves leads the third generation of researches to the project of counterin-tentional subjectivity. Projects of conceptualization of the subject of vision given in postphenomenology by M.Henry and J.-L.Marion will be discussed in the next article.

Facilities Planning in the Dynamic Environment in Tanzanian Public Primary Schools

The article explains the improvement of Tanzanian public primary schools facilities planning in the dynamic environment. The main contribution is that School Facilities Planning (SFP) in the dynamic environment to enhance adequate and quality school facilities is determined by the presence of vision and mission statements, positive school culture, technological environment and monitoring and evaluation. This article looks not beyond the planning but rather at the dynamics of planning discourse itself. It explains how dynamic environment in Tanzania facilitates, and sometimes constrains, the mobilization of resources to implement school facilities plans. It draws from the discursive construction of social actors in SFP from 2010 to 2019. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) was used as a theory, methodology, and data analysis strategy. Major findings indicate that, in order to improve planning in the dynamic environment, vision and mission statements should be established in schools and emphasize SFP; there should be a culture of facilities planning in schools; technological environment should be emphasized to facilitate durable and quality school facilities; and monitoring and evaluation should be emphasized to facilitate SFP.

Adaptability in Communication Technology in Increasing Performance of Conventional Taxi Companies

Internal factors and external factors influence performance. Collapse industry taxis in Indonesia seen from drop drastic total company taxis, namely 35 companies in 2014 and the remaining only four companies in 2016 were one consequence of the decline in the performance of several company taxies conventional form factor external. There has been disruption with the present company transportation based on App that appears to spread globalization in life public including in organization. However, because the emergence of application-based transportation companies as external factors is difficult to avoid, established taxi companies need to make organizational efforts internally to improve company performance through communication organization. Communication organization is essential for a company on various scales to maintain employees, take care stability company, and grow the business, so connection good Among leaders and employees needs building. Something organization will bring meaningful existence similar vision and mission to which direction the organization that. Without the presence of vision, mission, and goals through communication, a solid and reasonable organization are impossible for the organization to keep going, develop, adapt, and perform well. But with vision communication trustworthy organization, existence development technology very open communication opportunity for the organization for doing change or shift in the world of disruption along with the development of the times.

Association between age-related sensory impairment with sarcopenia and its related components in older adults: a systematic review.

Sensory impairments and sarcopenia are both highly prevalent age‐related conditions, with the former having been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of the latter condition. Confirming this hypothesis may therefore help to better inform strategies for early treatment and intervention of sarcopenia. We performed a systematic review of the current literature examining the relationships between four major sensory impairments [vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)] with (i) sarcopenia; and (ii) its associated components (low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass). PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies investigating the relationship of VI, HI, SI, and TI with sarcopenia, low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass, in adults aged 50 years or older, from inception until 24 May 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. This study was registered with PROSPERO, reference CRD42021247967. Ten cross‐sectional and three longitudinal population‐based studies of community‐dwelling adults (N = 68 235) were included, with five studies investigating more than one sensory impairment. In total, 8, 6, 3, and 1 studies investigated the relationship between VI, HI, SI, and TI and sarcopenia and its related components, respectively. Follow‐up duration for the longitudinal studies ranged from 4 to 11 years. All studies had a low or moderate risk of bias. We found that the presence of VI and SI, but not TI, independently increased the odds of sarcopenia. In addition, VI and SI were each independently associated with low muscle mass; and VI, HI, and SI were each independently associated with slow gait speed. However, we found inconclusive evidence for the associations between VI, HI and SI, and low handgrip strength. Our systematic review suggests a potential association between the presence of single or multiple sensory impairments and a greater likelihood of sarcopenia and/or deficits in its associated components, especially for VI, HI, and SI. Prospective studies are needed to untangle the relationship between sensory impairment and sarcopenia to better inform clinical guidelines for disease prevention and management.

Canine Retrobulbar Cellulitis and Abscessation in the Southeastern United States: A review of case management, diagnostic imaging, bacterial isolates, and susceptibility patterns.

To describe common bacterial organisms cultured from retrobulbar cellulitis and abscess lesions, in vitro susceptibility patterns, common diagnostic techniques utilized, etiologies encountered, and prevalence of blindness. Thirty-eight dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar cellulitis or abscessation from 2007 to 2017. For cases of orbital cellulitis or abscess, signalment, orbital imaging, cytology, histopathology, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, presence of vision at the initial examination and resolution, and presumed cellulitis/abscess etiology were recorded. Most cases were medically (78.9%) versus surgically managed (18.4%). Most common form of orbital imaging was computed tomography (48.5%) followed by ocular ultrasound (18.2%). Fifteen of eighteen cultures (83.3%) showed growth of aerobic bacterial organisms, anaerobic bacterial organisms, or both. Most common aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%) followed by Corynebacterium sp. (26.7%) and α-hemolytic Streptococci sp. (26.7%) but Micrococcus and Bacillus spp. were also identified. Most common anaerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (40.0%). Antibiotics with highest susceptibility patterns included gentamicin, followed equally by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. No bacteria were susceptible to cefovecin. Six cases presented with vision loss due to retrobulbar disease (15.8%). Idiopathic (50%) disease and tooth root abscessation (23.7%) were most commonly diagnosed cause of orbital disease. Retrobulbar cellulitis/abscess is a serious and vision-threatening process, which can be effectively managed by broad-spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, but not cefovecin. This study identified three organisms that have not been previously reported to be associated with orbital cellulitis (Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp.).

Joint speed feedback improves myoelectric prosthesis adaptation after perturbed reaches in non amputees

Accurate control of human limbs involves both feedforward and feedback signals. For prosthetic arms, feedforward control is commonly accomplished by recording myoelectric signals from the residual limb to predict the user’s intent, but augmented feedback signals are not explicitly provided in commercial devices. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent results when artificial feedback was provided in the presence of vision; some studies showed benefits, while others did not. We hypothesized that negligible benefits in past studies may have been due to artificial feedback with low precision compared to vision, which results in heavy reliance on vision during reaching tasks. Furthermore, we anticipated more reliable benefits from artificial feedback when providing information that vision estimates with high uncertainty (e.g. joint speed). In this study, we test an artificial sensory feedback system providing joint speed information and how it impacts performance and adaptation during a hybrid positional-and-myoelectric ballistic reaching task. We found that overall reaching errors were reduced after perturbed control, but did not significantly improve steady-state reaches. Furthermore, we found that feedback about the joint speed of the myoelectric prosthesis control improved the adaptation rate of biological limb movements, which may have resulted from high prosthesis control noise and strategic overreaching with the positional control and underreaching with the myoelectric control. These results provide insights into the relevant factors influencing the improvements conferred by artificial sensory feedback.

Factors Affecting Recovery Trajectories in Pediatric Female Concussion.

Up to one-third of children with concussion have persistent postconcussion symptoms lasting beyond 4 weeks. Females have been shown to have prolonged concussion recovery compared with males. This study examined characteristics in pediatric athletes with concussion to investigate the underlying factors that may contribute to this difference and their relation to recovery trajectories in females compared with males. A retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with sports-related concussion (SRC). A subspecialty pediatric concussion program. One hundred ninety-two records were reviewed, 75 females and 117 males, ages 7 to 18 years old. Sex of patient, time to presentation to specialty care after injury, presence of vision, and vestibular deficits on initial clinical examination. The main outcome of interest was time to clinical recovery, defined by resolution of symptoms, recovery of physical examination deficits, including vision and vestibular examination, recovery of neurocognitive function, and return to school, exercise, and sport. Pediatric females, on average, presented later to specialty care for evaluation after SRC than males. Females also took longer to recover on 5 markers of recovery: time to return to school without accommodations, time to return to noncontact exercise, time to return to full sport, time to recovery of neurocognitive function on computerized testing, and time to clinical recovery of vision and vestibular deficits on examination including smooth pursuits, saccades, gaze stability, near point of convergence, and balance. These sex-based differences in recovery disappeared when controlling for time to presentation to specialty care. In this cohort of pediatric patients, ages 7 to 18 years old with SRC, females took longer to recover than males. Our results indicate, however, that a modifiable extrinsic factor, time to presentation to specialty care, may contribute to this difference in recovery between the sexes.

Real-time use of audio-biofeedback can improve postural sway in patients with degenerative ataxia.

ObjectiveCerebellar ataxia essentially includes deficient postural control. It remains unclear whether augmented sensory information might help cerebellar patients, as the cerebellum underlies processing of various sensory modalities for postural control. Here, we hypothesized that patients with cerebellar degeneration can still exploit audio‐biofeedback (ABF) of trunk acceleration as a real‐time assistive signal to compensate for deficient postural control.MethodsEffects on postural sway during stance were assessed in an ABF intervention group versus a no‐ABF disease control group (23 vs. 17 cerebellar patients) in a clinico‐experimental study. A single‐session ABF paradigm of standing plus short exergaming under ABF was applied. Postural sway with eyes open and eyes closed was quantified prior to ABF, under ABF, and post ABF.ResultsPostural sway in the eyes closed condition was significantly reduced under ABF. Both benefit of ABF and benefit of vision correlated with the extent of postural sway at baseline, and both types of sensory benefits correlated with each other. Patients with strongest postural sway exhibited reduced postural sway also with eyes open, thus benefitting from both vision and ABF. No changes were observed in the no‐ABF control group.InterpretationOur findings provide proof‐of‐principle evidence that subjects with cerebellar degeneration are still able to integrate additional sensory modalities to compensate for deficient postural control: They can use auditory cues functionally similar to vision in the absence of vision, and additive to vision in the presence of vision (in case of pronounced postural sway). These findings might inform future assistive strategies for cerebellar ataxia.

Using proprioception to control ongoing actions: dominance of vision or altered proprioceptive weighing?

Visual feedback is crucial for movement accuracy (e.g., Keele and Posner, J Exp Psychol 77:155-158, 1968). As well, proprioception has been argued to be important for the control of voluntary movements (e.g., Bagesteiro et al., Exp Brain Res 171:358-370, 2006; Rossetti et al., J Neurophysiol 74:457-463, 1995). While tendon vibration (TVib) has been used to perturb proprioceptive information during limb matching tasks (Goodwin et al., Science 175:1382-1384, 1972), the current study employed between-trial dual-muscle TVib, coupled with vision occlusion, to assess the use of vision and proprioception for the online control of voluntary movements. Participants (n = 17) performed an upper-limb reaching task (30cm). TVib influenced both accuracy and precision of movement endpoint. Critically, variability analyses showed that participant's performance was most affected by TVib at 75% of the movement duration, even in the presence of vision. These findings demonstrate that between-trial dual-muscle tendon vibration can perturb proprioceptive feedback, and further, suggest that proprioception can be important for the online control of reaches, even when vision is available.

Constraints specific influences of vision, touch and surface compliance in postural dynamics

Studies that have manipulated vision and touch in posture usually emphasize the prescriptive closed-loop function of the information to reduce the amount of postural motion. In contrast, we examine here the hypothesis that the standard sensory manipulations to maintain quiet stance also change in specific ways the constraints on the task goal and the emergent movement organization. Twelve participants were instructed to maintain quiet postural stance under three sensory factors: surface compliance (foam/no foam), visual information (open/closed eyes) and tactile information (finger touch/no finger touch). The standard deviation of center of pressure (COP) motion decreased with the presence of vision, touch and rigid surface. The correlation dimension showed that the manipulation of touch and vision produced different attractor dynamics that also interacted with surface compliance. Vision decreased the correlation dimension in the foam surface while the touch manipulation increased dimension in the rigid surface. The sensory information manipulations changed the qualitative properties of the attractor dynamics as well as the quantitative properties of the amount of postural motion providing evidence for the specific nature of the postural organization across information conditions.

Compensatory plasticity: time matters.

Plasticity in the human and animal brain is the rule, the base for development, and the way to deal effectively with the environment for making the most efficient use of all the senses. When the brain is deprived of one sensory modality, plasticity becomes compensatory: the exception that invalidates the general loss hypothesis giving the opportunity of effective change. Sensory deprivation comes with massive alterations in brain structure and function, behavioral outcomes, and neural interactions. Blind individuals do as good as the sighted and even more, show superior abilities in auditory, tactile and olfactory processing. This behavioral enhancement is accompanied with changes in occipital cortex function, where visual areas at different levels become responsive to non-visual information. The intact senses are in general used more efficiently in the blind but are also used more exclusively. New findings are disentangling these two aspects of compensatory plasticity. What is due to visual deprivation and what is dependent on the extended use of spared modalities? The latter seems to contribute highly to compensatory changes in the congenitally blind. Short-term deprivation through the use of blindfolds shows that cortical excitability of the visual cortex is likely to show rapid modulatory changes after few minutes of light deprivation and therefore changes are possible in adulthood. However, reorganization remains more pronounced in the congenitally blind. Cortico-cortical pathways between visual areas and the areas of preserved sensory modalities are inhibited in the presence of vision, but are unmasked after loss of vision or blindfolding as a mechanism likely to drive cross-modal information to the deafferented visual cortex. The development of specialized higher order visual pathways independently from early sensory experience is likely to preserve their function and switch to the intact modalities. Plasticity in the blind is also accompanied with neurochemical and morphological changes; both intrinsic connectivity and functional coupling at rest are altered but are likewise dependent on different sensory experience and training.

A 32-Year-Old Man with Delayed Onset Post-Traumatic Proptosis and Diplopia

BackgroundProptosis and motility deficits are common findings in the setting of craniofacial trauma, but can indicate the presence of vision and even life-threatening pathology. ObjectiveOur aim was to identify presentations consistent with traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) and to review the appropriate initial work-up and management. Case ReportA 32-year-old man came to our emergency department with proptosis, ocular motility deficits, and decreased vision 1 month after a restrained motor vehicle accident. An orbital bruit was auscultated and four-vessel angiography revealed a CCF. Covered stents and an embolic agent were used to abolish the arteriovenous communication and the patient rapidly returned to his premorbid baseline. ConclusionsCCF is a relatively rare but important consequence of craniofacial trauma that must be recognized promptly in order to minimize the likelihood of serious sequelae. It should be suspected in patients with antecedent trauma presenting with exophthalmos, arterialized conjunctival vessels, and orbital bruit.

The Effects of Visual Control and Distance in Modulating Peripersonal Spatial Representation

In the presence of vision, finalized motor acts can trigger spatial remapping, i.e., reference frames transformations to allow for a better interaction with targets. However, it is yet unclear how the peripersonal space is encoded and remapped depending on the availability of visual feedback and on the target position within the individual’s reachable space, and which cerebral areas subserve such processes. Here, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine neural activity while healthy young participants performed reach-to-grasp movements with and without visual feedback and at different distances of the target from the effector (near to the hand–about 15 cm from the starting position–vs. far from the hand–about 30 cm from the starting position). Brain response in the superior parietal lobule bilaterally, in the right dorsal premotor cortex, and in the anterior part of the right inferior parietal lobule was significantly greater during visually-guided grasping of targets located at the far distance compared to grasping of targets located near to the hand. In the absence of visual feedback, the inferior parietal lobule exhibited a greater activity during grasping of targets at the near compared to the far distance. Results suggest that in the presence of visual feedback, a visuo-motor circuit integrates visuo-motor information when targets are located farther away. Conversely in the absence of visual feedback, encoding of space may demand multisensory remapping processes, even in the case of more proximal targets.

Vitreo-papillary adhesion as a prognostic factor in pseudo- and lamellar macular holes

To determine the incidence of vitreopapillary adhesion (VPA) and to investigate its value as a prognostic factor in the surgical outcome of pseudo- (PMH) and lamellar macular holes (LMH). A total of 76 consecutive patients, diagnosed with PMH (41 eyes) or LMH (35 eyes) were included. Eyes with VPA were alternatively assigned to the surgical or control group. Surgery consisted of a 25G vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling with blue dye staining. There were six visits: baseline, the day of surgery, and 1, 3, 6, and 9 post-operative months. Main outcome measures were the incidence of VPA and changes in the outer retinal layers and visual acuity. VPA was found in 27% (11/41) of patients with PMH and 37% (13/35) with LMH (P=0.03). In presence of VPA, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in the surgery group from 32 ± 8 to 47 ± 8 letters, whereas the control group went from 34 ± 7 to 31 ± 8 letters. The difference in letters between the surgery and control groups was statistically significant for both distance (P=0.032) and near (P=0.04) vision. Intra-retinal cysts were significantly correlated with a poor functional prognosis (P=0.01). We found the presence of focal damage to the outer retinal layers in LMH and PMH. VPA is more frequent in the presence of LMH vsPMH. It significantly influences the tangential forces at the vitreoretinal interface, exacerbating anatomical changes, and worsening the functional prognosis. Functional difference between the surgical and control groups was statistically significant for distant and near vision in presence of VPA.

Increased vestibular contribution to posture control in individuals with chronic headache

Numerous studies have identified an association between headache disorders and vestibular symptoms, such as dizziness, vertigo, and motion sensitivity. Using bipolar, binaural galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), our objectives were to (1) determine the degree of vestibular sensitivity in borderline headache sufferers, and (2) characterize the postural response to vestibular perturbation in these individuals. Fourteen volunteers participated in this study: 8 individuals with chronic headache (6 with migraine and 2 with tension type headache (TTH)), and 6 healthy control subjects. Thirty trials of 15-second duration were conducted across 6 conditions (GVS left (L) or right (R), or no stimulation (No GVS) with either eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC)). Peak medial-lateral (M-L) centre of pressure (CoP) was calculated during quiet stance. Headache subjects demonstrated significantly higher peak displacement of the M-L CoP than control subjects (p=0.0461). Although peak M-L CoP in both the EO (p = 0.0753) and EC (p=0.09623) visual conditions were not significantly different between headache sufferers compared to healthy controls, there is some suggestion that people with chronic headache may use vestibular information to a greater extent and that the presence of vision may not sufficiently compensate for vestibular induced instability. The initial push M-L CoP was not significantly different between groups, suggesting different sensory contributions for the initial and latter response to GVS. People with chronic headache exhibit increased postural sway, which may reflect the re-weighting of sensory information with an increased vestibular and a reduced visual contribution to postural control. These results support existing research on vestibular abnormalities in chronic headache sufferers that may provide a basis for future treatment therapies.

Effects of Optic Flow Speed and Lateral Flow Asymmetry on Locomotion in Younger and Older Adults: A Virtual Reality Study

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are age-related differences in locomotion due to changes in presence of vision, optic flow speed, and lateral flow asymmetry using virtual reality technology. Gait kinematics and heading direction were measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Although older and younger adults were affected differentially by the availability of vision, a greater dependence on optic flow information in older adults during walking was not found. Linear relations were observed between walking performance and flow speed as well as heading direction and flow asymmetry. The findings suggest that the ability to integrate optic flow information into the multimodal system for assessment of walking speed and heading direction is comparable in older and younger adults.

Do nurses’ responses cause more distress than the presence of visions and voices?

Hearing voices can be distressing, but for some services users the experience may be supportive. Joanne Harrison and colleagues consider whether nurses’ attitudes towards service users who hear voices can at times be disempowering and unhelpful

Old and new at Automatica exhibition

PurposeA review of selected vision exhibits and innovations at a new biennial international trade fair in Germany, which essentially replaces the traditional substantial vision presence at the annual Hanover Industry Fair.Design/methodology/approach – Five companies are profiled; four (ISRA Vision, Vitronic, AKATech, and INOS Automation) with innovative products and one (Stemmer Imaging) with a highly European approach to marketing.Findings – One claimed innovation was foreshadowed 20 years ago, but this time it works! Many successful applications of machine vision are now in sectors outside the traditional manufacturing field. These include logistics and aspects of traffic management. The ability to measure moving items accurately was a major advance.Originality/value – This will alert vision practitioners, and researchers intent on commercialisation, who did not get to Munich to the latest developments and opportunities for commercial exploitation of automated imaging technology. It will help them to judge whether a visit to the next event in May 2006 will be justified.

'Cranement Beau Tout de Meme': Still Life and Le Ventre de Paris

This essay revisits the relationship between Zola's descriptive techniques and painting by taking a detailed look at Le Ventre de Paris , and at one particular genre of painting, still life. The argument involves dissolving the easy identification between the painter Claude Lantier and the narrator in order to reveal the presence of visions of Les Halles other than Claude's quasi-Impressionist one, to which much critical attention has been devoted. In a series of close readings of the visual descriptions, this essay reveals the presence of a Rococo aesthetic, implying parallels between the Second Empire and the eighteenth century; by exploring Florent's perspective on Les Halles in particular, it uncovers vanitas imagery and memento mori in which 'nourriture' is 'pourriture'. To read Le Ventre de Paris is thus to be placed in a position analogous to that of the spectator in Holbein's The Ambassadors , with its notorious anamorphosis; for, as the narrative perspective shifts between Claude and Florent, and as the descriptions evoke Impressionist, Rococo and early modern aesthetics, so the death's head flickers disconcertingly in and out of view.