Presence Of Viral Inclusion Bodies Research Articles

Description of gizzard erosion syndrome in commercial birds in Brazil

Adenoviral infections are common in poultry, especially in intensive creation systems, and have been reported in several locations, such as: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Europe. The diseases involving the Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) includes Inclusion Body Hepatitis (HCI), Hepatitis-Hidropericardium Syndrome (SHH) and other conditions affecting the respiratory and digestive system of poultry. Our objective was to share the emergence of the Gizzard Erosion Syndrome (SEM), in Brazil. From September 2021 to May 2022, a total of 168 birds from 56 cases were analyzed, being those mostly broiler and hens. PCR tests were performed to identify the viral DNA, as well as 28 histopathological tests which some of them revealing the presence of viral inclusion bodies in the gizzard, besides severe lyimphoplasmahistiocitic inflammatory reaction in mucosa and also in other organs such as proventriculus. The PCR evidenced positivity for the Aviadenovirus. Based on the present study, it was evidenced the presence of SEM in Brazil.

Cerebral Candida albicans Infection in Two dogs

Background: Candida spp. are pleomorphic fungi that are commensal inhabitants of the oral, gastrointestinal, upper respiratory and urogenital mucosa of mammals. Candida albicans is described as the most important species. This opportunistic pathogen may produce local or systemic infections in dogs. Local infections have been reported in several tissues and systemic infection is rare in dogs with few reports in the literature describing this presentation. The aim of the present study was to report two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs in Brazil.Case: Two cases of cerebral Candida albicans infection in dogs that showed nervous signs are described. In both cases, the brain showed marked asymmetry of the telencephalic hemispheres with multifocal to coalescing yellowish or reddish areas and a partial loss of distinction between gray and white matter. In Case 1, the mediastinal, tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as the right kidney and adrenal gland, showed altered architecture due to numerous whitish gray nodules. Histological lesions were characterized by granulomatous (case 1) or pyogranulomatous (case 2) necrotizing meningoencephalitis with intralesional fungal organisms. In case 1, similar granulomatous infiltrate with intralesional fungal organisms was also seen in the lymph nodes, kidney and adrenal gland. In case 2, there was evidence consistent with an underlying infection of canine distemper virus. Were observed lymphoplasmocytic interstitial pneumonia, lymphoid rarefaction in lymph nodes, and viral intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the epithelial cells of the stomach and vesical urothelium. In these two cases, the fungal organisms displayed three different morphological patterns. The first pattern was characterized by delicate tubular structures with thin parallel walls that were rarely septate and tended to undulate slightly, and measured approximately 4-20 µm (true hyphae). The second pattern was characterized by chains of elongated yeast, separated by constrictions at septal sites, and measured approximately 4-10 µm (pseudohyphae). The other morphological pattern, which was rarely observed, was characterized by round budding yeast cells that measured 3-4 µm in diameter and were often elongated by the germ tube. Sections were also stained using immunohistochemical antibodies against Candida albicans. The fungi revealed strong immunolabelling of the cytoplasm and wall for Candida albicans.Discussion: The diagnosis was based on the histomorphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the agent, which were consistent with Candida albicans. In these two cases, immunocompromise appeared to have been an important factor in the progression of the infection. In case 1, the dog was senile and treated with corticosteroids, conditions that could effectively limit innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune response to infection. In case 2, the dog displayed cachexia and was infected by canine distemper virus, evidenced by the presence of viral inclusion bodies. The inflammatory reactions in both cases were characteristic of fungal infections, but were distinct due to differences in the infectious process. In case 1, there was a subacute to chronic progression; while in case 2 neutrophilic infiltrate predominated, suggesting an acute progression. The different morphological patterns of the fungi suggested a pleomorphic fungi and the immunohistochemistry allowed us to identify the infectious agent. In conclusion, opportunistic infections caused by Candida albicans should be considered when diagnosing diseases that affect the central nervous system of dogs, particularly in immunosuppressed animals.

Parasitic Infections in Hanta virus positive and negative red backed voles caught in southern Germany during the year 2000

The red backed vole is the most frequent mammal in central Europe, it was speculated that it could be used as an indicator for the occurrence of potentially zoonotic viral and parasitic pathogens in a certain area. 44 wild – caught red backed voles from Oberfranken were examined for presence of hantavirus infection and parasitic side infections. The voles were screened for viral infection by PCR, virus isolation and IFT, a selection of tissues (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain) were examined pathohistologically for presence of viral inclusion bodies and parasites. 23 of the voles were tested positive for hantavirus, 21 were negative. In the liver eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in 17 voles of the hantavirus positive group and in 2 of the hantavirus negative group. Liver flukes were found in 6 animals of the Hantavirus positive and in 3 negative group. 13 animals of the virus positive group and one in the negative group showed intranuclear inclusion bodies in the kidney. Emmonsia crescens was found in two lungs of the virus positive group. 17 animals of the virus positive group showed presence of infection with Frenkelia sp in the lung and 15 in the brain. Frenkelia sp was found in 10 lungs and 6 brains of the virus negative group. The spleen of 4 of the animals from the virus positive group showed follicular depletion, one animal of the virus negative group showed follicular hyperplasia. Moderate megakaryocytosis was found in two spleens of the virus negative group. The zoonotic potential of the occurring parasites and fungi is doubtful, the importance of the prevalence of hanta virus infection in red backed voles as a reservoir for human infection has yet to be determined.

Human rabies. Neuropathological study of 30 cases

O estudo epidemiológico e neuropatológico concernente a trinta autópsias de encefalite rábica foi realizado, tendo sido os dados obtidos comparados com aqueles da literatura. Não houve relação estatística entre a topografia lesional e o local da mordida, entre o período de incubação ou a duração da doença e a presença ou ausência de inclusões virais (IV) assim como entre a intensidade do processo inflamatorio (PI) e a presença de IV. A dispersão do PI e das IV através o SNC foi diretamente proporcional à sua intensidade. A estrutura mais freqüentemente comprometida pelo PI foi o mesencéfalo, seguido pelo bulbo, ponte e medula espinhal. A estrutura mais intensamente afetada foi o bulbo. As IV foram particularmente proeminentes no hipocampo e cerebelo.

Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in normal and immune compromised hosts

Liver biopsies of six previously normal hosts (Group I, NH), with recent or acute CMV infection, and autopsy liver samples of four immunocompromised hosts (Group II, ICH) with overwhelming CMV infection have been studied in an occasional survey. In both groups, portal tract involvement, bile duct inflammation, liver cell degeneration and parenchymal granulomas were present. In Group I, a randomly distributed hepatitis with predominant involvement of the periportal areas was present, including sinusoidal arrays of lymphocytes and lymphohistiocytic aggregates. In contrast, in Group II liver cell damage was more extensive and the inflammatory infiltration only scarce. Intracellular viral inclusion bodies were found only in Group II, both in liver cells and in bile duct epithelium. Morphologically, the presence of viral inclusion bodies correlated well with the immunohistologic demonstration of CMV specific "late" (CMV-LA) or structural antigens. In addition, CMV-specific "early" (CMV-EA) or non-structural antigens were present in liver cell nuclei of 2/6 NH and 2/4 ICH. The possible relations between the inflammation and the lack of structural antigenic viral expression are discussed. It is concluded that ICH with CMV infection have a prominent cytopathogenic effect and widespread lytic viral infection in the liver in the absence of adequate immunologic reactivity, whereas the opposite is found in NH.