Presence Of Uroliths Research Articles

UROLITHIASIS IN DOMESTIC MALE CAT

Urolithiasis is a disease caused by the presence of uroliths, calculi, crystals, or excessive sediment in the urinary tract. The aim is to find out about the methods of diagnosis, as well as control and treatment that are permanent and efficient and in accordance with the causes of cases of urolithiasis that occur in cats. A local male cat named Benji, 4 years old and weighing 5.42 kg, has complaints of decreased appetite, weakness, stranguria, hematuria, and difficulty urinating which has been going on for three days. Previously case animals also show pain responses when they want to urinate. The physical examination results found abdominal distension, pain on palpation, and an enlargement of the urinary bladder. Urinalysis results showed leukocyt +5, protein +3, and blood cells +3, blood chemistry examination showed an increase in glucose (191 mg/dL), globulin (5.3 mg/dL), and a decrease in alkaline phosphate (<10 U/L), ultrasonographic examination showed a hyperechoic mass formation located in the lumen of the bladder and the presence of sediment in the bladder, radiographic examination showed enlargement of the bladder, urine sedimentation examination showed the presence of struvite. The therapy was Pentosan polysulphate 3 mg/kg, 0.16 ml/kg given only once, Prazosin 0.5 mg/kg BW twice a day for five days, Meloxicam 0.18 ml once a day for three days, and Amoxiclav twice a day for 10 days. It can be concluded that based on anamnesis, clinical examination, and supporting examinations, the case animal was diagnosed with urolithiasis. After giving therapy for four days, the case cat can urinate normally and the urine looks clear. Suggestions in order to prevent the recurrence of urolithiasis infections, it is necessary to educate clients about cat care, feed and drink. This indicates that the case cat's condition is getting better.

Factors affecting survival to discharge in 53 cats diagnosed with uroabdomen: a single-centre retrospective analysis.

The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in cats diagnosed with uroabdomen at a single referral centre. Fifty-three cats diagnosed with uroabdomen at a veterinary teaching hospital were identified between June 2003 and September 2016. Data collected included signalment, presenting signs, aetiology, location of rupture, presence of concurrent injury, outcome of urine culture, presence of uroliths and packed cell volume (PCV)/creatinine/potassium levels at presentation. Cats managed medically and surgically were included, and the use of urinary catheters, cystotomy tubes and abdominal drains were recorded. It was determined if patients survived to discharge or if they were euthanased or died. Seventy-four percent (n = 39) of cats survived to discharge. Elevations in creatinine (P = 0.03) were shown to be significantly correlated with survival to discharge. Sex, age, location of rupture, presence of uroliths, outcome of urine culture, presence of concurrent injury, potassium at presentation and PCV at presentation were not associated with survival to discharge. There was no difference in survival between cats that were medically or surgically managed. Cats that develop uroabdomen have a good chance of survival. Electrolyte and biochemistry values should be assessed at the time of presentation, in addition to the presence of concurrent injury.

Use of catheter dual J in ureteral complications by calculations

Urolithiasis is a condition of the urinary tract caused by the presence of uroliths in any segment of the urinary tract resulting from the interaction of several predisposing factors triggered by the precipitation of metabolites in the urine. The provision of urethral stents is most frequently performed for the treatment of urethral obstruction, and the most frequent form is the retrouretropic catheter. The present study aimed to describe a case of recurrent urolithiasis in a Bichon Frisé 9 - year - old female with a history of weight, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and recurrent urinary infections with bladder and renal uroliths. At the end of the treatment the absence of these was verified by means of ultrasonographic examination and thus, this case shows the efficacy and importance of the use of the same in complications by calculations.

Urolithiasis in a female miniature potbellied pig

A five-year-old female spayed Vietnamese potbellied pig was evaluated due to a chronic history of dysuria and pollakiuria as well as lack of faecal output for one week. Physical examination...

Obstructive urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs

ABSTRACT: Obstructive urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of uroliths in the urinary tract, with consequent obstruction of excretion pathways. This paper described the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of 22 outbreaks of urolithiasis in growing-finishing pigs in Southern Brazil. All affected pigs were male and clinical presentation consisted of lethargy, dysuria, rectal prolapse, abdominal distention, peripheral cyanosis and reluctance to move. Clinical progression course ranged from 12 hours to one week, and the lethality rate was 100%. Gross changes were characterized by urinary bladder rupture associated with marked amount of yellowish liquid with ammoniacal odor (urine) in the abdominal cavity (uroperitoneum), as well as mild fibrin deposition on the surface of abdominal organs and hydronephrosis. Urinary uroliths ranging from 0.3 to 1cm in diameter were often observed obstructing the lumen of the penile urethra and sometimes those were free in the abdominal cavity. Histopathological findings included diffuse and marked urinary bladder edema and hemorrhage associated with inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. Diffuse and marked necrosis of the mucosal epithelium was observed in the penile urethra. Intense fibrin deposition and inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils were noted in the peritoneum, as well as in the serosa of the organs in the abdominal cavity. Uroliths were submitted to the method of qualitative determination of the mineral components, and were compatible with calcium carbonate and magnesium ammonium phosphate. Growing pigs ration analysis revealed low levels of calcium in relation to phosphorus, resulting in a Ca:P ratio of approximately 0.35:1. Histological findings and mineral analysis suggest that outbreaks of urolithiasis were related to a nutritional imbalance in the proportions of dietary calcium and phosphorus. The main cause of mortality was related to dehydration and uroperitoneum.

Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e anatomopatológica do sistema urinário de ovinos confinados com ou sem suplementação de cloreto de amônio

Resumo: A acidificação urinária com cloreto de amônio (CA) é um método preventivo eficiente em urolitíase obstrutiva em ovinos. Os objetivos deste estudo com ovinos confinados, que receberam dieta concentrada com elevado teor proteico, foram: verificar o efeito da dieta sobre a formação de urólitos e o desenvolvimento da doença; analisar as características macroscópicas e histopatológicas do sistema urinário; relacionar os achados clínicos, laboratoriais e necroscópicos com a presença de urólitos. Utilizaram-se 60 ovinos machos: grupo CA (n=40), 400 mg/kg CA/dia, tratados via oral, por 42 dias consecutivos; grupo-controle (n=20), não tratado. Determinaram-se sete momentos de colheita de amostras com intervalos de sete dias, no total de 56 dias de confinamento. Encontraram-se microcálculos na pelve renal em cinco animais de ambos os grupos. As lesões renais microscópicas mais relevantes foram congestão vascular e necrose tubular. Concluiu-se que a dieta rica em concentrado provocou lesão renal em ambos os grupos, embora sem alterar a função renal, o que foi comprovado em testes pela ureia e creatinina séricas. O cloreto de amônio fornecido ao grupo CA não impediu a calculogênese, mas reduziu sua prevalência em relação ao grupo-controle. Os ovinos do grupo-controle tiveram maior comprometimento renal, pela alta incidência de cristalúria e pela necrose tubular, induzidas pelo consumo da dieta rica em grãos.

Unenhanced Multi–Detector Row CT in Patients Suspected of Having Urinary Stone Disease: Effect of Section Width on Diagnosis

To assess prospectively the effect of section width in multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) evaluation of patients with acute flank pain who are suspected of having or known to have urinary stone disease. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the authors' university, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. One hundred forty-seven patients (age range, 11-101 years; mean, 51.4 years +/- 18.7 [standard deviation]) suspected of having urinary stone disease underwent unenhanced multi-detector row CT. CT was performed with four detector rows, a section thickness of 1.0 mm, an effective tube current-time product of 100 mAs, and a tube voltage of 120 kVp (CT dose index, 11.4 mGy). From these data, three sets of transverse images were reconstructed with section widths of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mm and approximately 50% of overlap each. Scans were evaluated in varying random orders by two radiologists for the number, size, and location of uroliths and nephroliths and for the presence of phleboliths, renal cysts, and secondary signs of obstruction. The significance of differences between the numbers of detected calcifications and the numbers of associated abnormalities on the scans obtained with varying section widths was tested with the McNemar test at a P level of less than .05. Spearman rho rank correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the correlation between the presence of uroliths and the presence of secondary signs. Uroliths were found in 72 of 147 (49.0%) patients, and nephroliths were found in 16 patients (10.9%). There was no significant difference between section widths of 1.5 and 3.0 mm with regard to the number of detected stones (264 uroliths and 61 nephroliths for both protocols). Transverse sections 5.0-mm wide revealed significantly fewer uroliths (n = 231; P < .001) and nephroliths (n = 47; P < .016). The final diagnosis was changed in four of 72 patients. All missed renal and ureteral stones measured less than 3 mm in diameter. Overlapping 3-mm sections are sufficient for the detection of urinary stone disease. Small calculi (<3 mm) may be missed on 5.0-mm-thick sections.

Renal lesions in cattle fed sodium hydroxide-treated barley.

Ten 14-week-old calves were fed a diet containing 87.5% NaOH-treated barley, and killed after 29, 65, 75, 117, 140, 179, 314, 338, and 408 days. Eight control calves were fed a diet in which untreated rolled barley was substituted for alkali-treated grain. Calves receiving NaOH-treated barley became polyuric with urine pH ranging from 9.0 to 9.5, and had significantly raised plasma creatinine levels on day 29. Other clinical findings were normal, and there were no other significant alterations in blood. At necropsy, bilateral renal lesions consisted of white cortical foci, medullary stippling, and the presence of uroliths in the renal papillae and calyces. Microscopic changes included tubular dilatation, atrophy, necrosis, and mineralization, interstitial fibrosis with mononuclear cell invasion and consequent glomerular changes. It appeared that glomerular and interstitial changes were secondary to primary tubular damage. No abnormalities were detected in control calves. Feeding of NaOH-treated barley can result in nephrotoxicosis in cattle.