Presence Of Total Coliform Bacteria Research Articles

Uji Bakteri Total Coliform dan Escherichia coli Pada Sumber Mata Air Ubalan Desa Maguan Kecamatan Ngajum Kabupaten Malang

Water is a very important human need and no life can exist without air. Human needs are generally obtained from various sources, both from groundwater, surface water and rainwater. Ubalan is a hamlet located in Ngajum District, Malang Regency. The location is under the foot of Mount Kawi - Malang which has a natural spring and is generally channeled by the surrounding community to fill artificial ponds and also used by the community to meet their daily needs. The use of spring sources is generally very diverse, including for drinking water, fisheries, conservation and as a tourist attraction. Water indicators such as total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. Regarding this statement, it is necessary to carry out a microbiological test to test for total coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria at the Ubalan spring, Maguan Village, Ngajum District, Malang Regency, which is a tourist attraction location that is never empty of visitors. The research method used is survey method and descriptive laboratory analysis. To take samples of air sources carried out randomly.
 The test results for Total Coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria in West Sumatra Mata Air Ubalan, Maguan Village, Ngajum District, Malang Regency, showed that the MPN results index was at station 3 (0.273) station 2 (0.188) and the lowest was at station 1 (0.138). The analysis is related to the level of the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria with pollutant source factors that are thought to come from human activities around the source, community behavior and the distance factor between air sources and exhaust locations. Correlation of research results obtained by the presence of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the air source with the relationship of factors between the supporting bacteria showed (p value = 0.188) which means it did not have a significant effect.

Preliminary Detection of Coliform Bacteria and Zink (Zn) Pollution in Blanakan River Estuary, Subang, West Java

Coliform bacteria are microorganisms that are often used as indicators of the presence of other pathogenic bacteria. Calculation of total coliform bacteria needs to be done to determine the presence of organic waste pollution that occurs in the Blanakan River Estuary, Subang, West Java. The purpose of this study was to determine the total abundance of coliform bacteria (water status based on coliform level) and to study the relationship between total coliform bacteria and Zn heavy metal content in the Blanakan River Estuary. The method used was purposive sampling carried out at three sampling stations. The results obtained showed that the average coliform content in the three stations ranged from 9.2 x 10−2 to 3.0 x 10−1 (0.092 – 0.3) MPN/ml sample. Zn heavy metal content in the water at three stations ranged from 0.61 mg/l to 2.13 mg/l. The conclusion of this study is the abundance of the average total Coliform bacteria obtained at each station shows that the total content of Coliform bacteria has not exceeded water quality standards according to the Government Regulation no 82 of 2001. The presence of total coliform bacteria has a weak relationship with the presence of metals Zn.

PENGARUH JARAK KANDANG TERNAK TERHADAP TOTAL COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DESA KLAMBIR

Clean water needs one of which can be obtained through a dug well. As for things that need to be considered in the use of dug wells that meet health requirements. This is intended to minimize the occurrence of well water contamination caused by contaminants that exist around the dug well. The purpose of conducting this research was to analyze the influence caused by the dintance of the cattle pen with the presence of total Coliform bacteria in the dug wells of Klambir Village. This study used an observational analytic method with a cross sectional design. The study were used 35 samples and it was determined by simple random sampling. The results obtained from the research that from 35 samples examined entirely contain Coliform. In detail can be explained that as much as 22 wells (62.9%) had total coliforms> 50/100 ml and 13 wells (37.1%) had total coliforms ≤ 50/100 ml of water. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there was an effect of enclosure distance on total coliform in dug well water.

Enterococci used as complementary indicator of fecal contamination to assess water quality from public schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

Abstract The study evaluated the drinking water quality from 45 public schools in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Water samples were harvested from two different points at each school: the first one, drinking fountain used by students (n=45) and the second, kitchen faucet (n=45), comprising 90 samples. The samples were submitted to analysis according to current legislation, such as: dosage of free chlorine; colony counts of heterotrophic bacteria; presence of total coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. In addition, an enterococci analysis was also included as a complementary microbiological indicator of fecal contamination. The isolated strains of enterococci were identified and submitted to an antibiotic susceptibility test. In relation to the legal parameters, 35.5% (n=16) of the 45 schools evaluated did not meet the quality water standards set by the Brazilian legislation. Although none of the 90 samples exhibited the presence Escherichia coli, 6.6% (n=6) of the analyzed samples presented enterococci contamination. Regarding the antibiotic susceptibility test, the isolated strains demonstrated a similar behavior, became resistant to six antibiotics and had intermediate sensitivity to one (Streptomycin) of the nine antibiotics tested. The drinking water destined for human consumption in the public schools may pose health risks for students since the fecal contamination by enterococci was confirmed, and it could be observed that the water may be a source of genes from bacteria resistant to antimicrobials. This study reinforces the importance of monitoring complementary microbiological indicators to assure water quality, seeing that fecal contamination was detected only when alternative parameters were inserted, emphasizing the relevance of including microbiological indicators beyond what the legislation requires to evaluate the drinking water more effectively and to safeguard public health.

Microbiological Profile of Some Ghanaian Herbal Preparations—Safety Issues and Implications for the Health Professions

Thirty-one herbal preparations produced and sold on the Ghanaian market were randomly purchased from sales outlets and analyzed for their microbiological quality by testing for the presence of total coliform bacteria, faecal coliform bac- teria, and total heterotrophic bacteria count. Also tested for was detection of pathogenic bacteria such as the Salmonella spp. and Clostridium spp. Opportunistic bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas spp., Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and mould were also tested for. The herbal preparations tested came from different processing companies and in- cluded those labeled as suitable for treating arthritis, asthma, anaemia, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, cough, hypertension, dysmenorrhoea, malaria, urine retention and loss of appetite. Aliquots of the various herbal products were cultured on various selective media. Eight (8) of the products showed the presence of all microorganism analyzed for including the pathogenic ones and are recommended not be used. Five (5) of the products did not have any microorganism present. Eleven (11) products showed the presence of only total heterotrophic bacteria and the values ranged from 1 to 94 cfu per ml. These two groups of total of sixteen (16) products can be used without any microbiological risk. Another three (3) products showed presence of only total heterotrophic bacteria but the values ranged from 118 to 1648 cfu per ml. Majority of the herbal preparations showed the presence of pathogenic bacteria. These three products may pose danger to the user can be used with caution. None of the herbal products recorded the presence of Enterococcus spp.

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE BACTERIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA CONSUMIDA NO CAMPUS III (JARDIM BOTÂNICO) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ, CURITIBA, BRASIL.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade bacteriológica da água, destinada ao consumo humano, dos Setores de Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Sociais e Aplicadas e Ciências Agrárias (Sede Botânico), fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR), e pelo único poço artesiano. A técnica utilizada foi a de fermentação de tubos múltiplos que determina o número mais provável (NMP) de bactérias coliformes em 100 mL de água. Os resultados obtidos para todos os pontos de coleta de água não registraram a presença de bactérias coliformes totais e termotolerantes em 100 mL de água analisada. Concluiu-se que sob o ponto de vista bacteriológico, esta água é adequada para o consumo humano, de acordo com a Portaria 518 de 25 de Março de 2004 do Ministério da Saúde. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório de Saúde Pública e Saúde Ambiental do Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Classical Indicators in the 21st Century—Far and Beyond the Coliform

Indicators have been used for many years to designate the microbiological quality of water. In 1914, the U.S. Public Health Service set a standard that required that drinking water show no evidence of coliform organisms (U.S. Treasury Department, 1914). Today, almost 100 years later, drinking waters in the United States must meet the standards established in the Total Coliform Rule, which requires that drinking water show no evidence of the presence of total coliform bacteria in 100 mL of water (U.S. EPA, 1989). However, as limitations with the use of coliforms have become apparent and the applications for indicator microorganisms have expanded, new indicators have been proposed and, in some cases, adopted, for specific purposes, as discussed in detail in a number of recent reports (i.e., National Research Council, 2004; World Health Organization, 2003).