Presence Of Suicidal Behavior Research Articles

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behaviors Among Community-Dwelling Individuals with Serious Mental Disorders - Shandong Province, China, 2022.

Serious mental disorders (SMD) are significant risk factors for suicide, and individuals with SMD are crucial target populations for suicide prevention efforts. While numerous studies have examined the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among psychiatric inpatients, fewer reports have addressed the occurrence of such behaviors in community-based patients. The prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts among community-dwelling individuals with SMD was found to be 36.8%, 17.9%, and 15.0%, respectively. A significant association was observed between the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the presence of suicidal behaviors. Notably, patients within the 55-59 age range demonstrated the highest rates of both suicidal planning and attempts. Particular attention to the risk of suicide is crucial, especially for community-dwelling individuals with SMD of middle age, those with religious beliefs, living alone, and exhibiting more severe depressive and psychiatric symptoms.

Working Memory, Attention, and Inhibitory Control in Adolescents with Suicidal Behavior: A Pilot Study

Suicide in people between the ages of 15 and 24 is one of the top three causes of death. The aim of this research is to compare and associate performance in working memory, attention, and inhibitory control with the presence of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Research design was cross-sectional and the convenience sample consisted of 65 adolescents from the city of Temuco, Chile. The instruments used for data collection were: 1) the Okasha Suicidality Scale, 2) span of direct and indirect digits, and 3) the Stroop test. The results show that 49.3% of the adolescents had suicidal ideation. In terms of the groups, an association and significant differences were found in the Stroop test; this occurred specifically in the female sex (p .05). In the rest of the tasks that measured memory and attention, no differences were observed (p > .05). It is concluded that suicidal behavior is associated with a lower performance in inhibitory control tasks for females.

Pain, functional disability and mental disorders as potential mediators of the association between chronic physical conditions and suicidal ideation in community living older adults

Objectives To examine the associations between chronic physical conditions and suicidal ideation and to assess whether associations are mediated by pain, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS), and functional disability. Methods The study sample includes 1533 older adults aged 65+ recruited in primary care clinics between 2011–2013 and participating in Quebec’s Health Survey on Services “Étude sur la Santé des Aînés-Services” (ESA-S) study. Path analysis was used to assess the associations. The presence of suicidal behaviour was ascertained using 4 questions. PTSS was based on a validated scale for primary care older adults. Anxiety and depression were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria. Pain was self-reported on an ordinal scale and functional disability was based on the presence of disability in 8 dimensions of activities of daily living. The main predictors included a list of 13 physical disorders identified by diagnostic codes. Suicidal ideation was also controlled by a number of socio-demographic and psychosocial factors. Results PTSS, depression, and functional disability mediate the association between various chronic conditions and suicidal ideation. Although pain and anxiety are associated with many physical disorders, they did not mediate the association with suicidal ideation. Conclusions Chronic physical disorders are associated with suicidal ideation, either directly or indirectly through PTSS, depression, and functional disability. The findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of older patients with specific chronic disorders in primary care as they may be most at risk for suicidal ideation.

Comportamento suicida em usuários de crack e álcool

Objetivo: identificar e comparar a presença de comportamento suicida entre usuários de crack e álcool. Método: abordagem quantitativa, transversal, descritiva e analítica. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista com 105 pacientes alocados em dois grupos de acordo com o diagnóstico clínico psiquiátrico, no grupo Álcool e grupo Crack. Resultados: As características sociodemográficas diferiram significativamente entre os grupos em relação a idade (p < 0.05). Um número maior de pacientes do grupo Crack apresentou ideação suicida 14 (26,9%) e tentativa pregressa de suicídio 18 (34,6%), quando comparado com o grupo Álcool na ideação suicida 8 (15,1%) e tentativa de suicídio 15 (28,3%). Análise de regressão logística não encontrou significância no tipo de droga como previsora da ideação suicida (p = 0.14) e da tentativa de suicídio (p = 0.48). Conclusão: ao identificar e comparar a presença de comportamento suicida entre usuários de crack e álcool percebeu-se a predominância do comportamento suicida mais presente em usuários de crack.

Brain grey matter abnormalities in first episode non-affective psychosis patients with suicidal behaviours: The role of neurocognitive functioning

BackgroundSuicide is one of the leading causes of premature death in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. The understanding of suicidal behaviour (SB) is limited, and new and integrative approaches focusing on the likely relationship of the biological and cognitive features of SB in the early phases of psychosis are warranted. We aimed to study the relationship of brain grey matter anomalies and cognitive functioning with SB or suicidal risk in a large sample of non-affective FEP patients. MethodsWe used a voxel-based morphometry analysis in 145 FEP patients to investigate the pattern of structural brain abnormalities related to SB. In addition, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationship between cognitive functioning and SB. ResultsA reduction in grey matter volume in the frontal area, temporal gyrus, precuneus, uncus, amygdala, left cuneus and subcallosal gyrus as well as a marked regional volume reduction in the right hemisphere was linked with the presence of SB. Additionally, worse global cognitive functioning and living in urban areas were identified as suicide risk factors. ConclusionsThis study provides some insights about the brain abnormalities associated with SB in FEP patients. Specifically, the areas reported are involved in important functions related to SB, such as impulsivity, problem solving or responses to pain. Thus, the results confirm the relevant role of cognitive functioning on SB.

Variables familiares asociadas a comportamientos suicidas: revisión preeliminar de literatura

El suicidio es considerado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2014) como un fenómeno complejo y de tipo multicausal. Esta problemática no puede ser explicada por solo una variable, dado que su presencia o desarrollo en un individuo puede deberse a múltiples factores de origen diverso. De acuerdo con los datos reportados por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2016), la población joven y los adolescentes son los grupos que se encuentran en mayor riesgo ante dicha problemática. El presente estudio es una revisión de literatura exploratoria sobre variables relacionadas con el sistema familiar y la presencia de los comportamientos suicidas. El objetivo principal de la presente revisión de literatura fue identificar exclusivamente aquellos artículos de investigación que se centraran en las variables del sistema familiar y la presencia de comportamientos suicidas. La búsqueda se realizó durante los meses de enero a mayo del 2019, para lo cual se consultaron cinco bases de datos. En un inicio se obtuvieron un total 60 artículos. Finalmente, y de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión de la revisión exploratoria de literatura, se incluyeron 20 artículos de investigación en el presente trabajo. De esta forma, mediante la revisión de literatura exploratoria se identificaron diversas variables que se encuentran dentro del sistema familiar, tales como el funcionamiento familiar, la comunicación y el apoyo percibido entre sus integrantes, entre otras. Su ausencia, de acuerdo con lo reportado en las diferentes investigaciones, es un factor asociado a la presencia de conductas suicidas. Las diversas variables familiares, específicamente aquellas relacionadas con la interacción de sus integrantes, juegan un papel importante en discusiones sobre los factores de prevención de la conducta suicida.

Prevalence and clinical impact of childhood adversities in women with schizophrenia.

Patients with schizophrenia have higher rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) than the general population, and those who suffered multiple traumatic experiences have a higher prevalence of positive symptoms, poorer social functioning and more suicidal ideations and behavior. The current study aims to determine the prevalence of ACEs in a female patient sample with schizophrenia. An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants included 50 female patients older than 18 years, with schizophrenia. Semi-structured interviews and the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire were conducted. We observed that 90% experienced at least one ACE. Most (52%) suffered 4 or more ACEs. A high prevalence of emotional abuse and neglect was found and a significant relationship between patients who suffered multiple ACEs and the presence of suicidal behavior and persistent auditory hallucinations.

Suicidal Behavior: The Need for Its Documentation in Multiaxial DSM-V Diagnoses

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Letters to the EditorFull AccessSuicidal Behavior: The Need for Its Documentation in Multiaxial DSM-V DiagnosesNUNZIO POMARA M.D.,NUNZIO POMARA M.D.Search for more papers by this author,Published Online:1 Mar 2009https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08111666AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail To the Editor: The recent editorial by Maria A. Oquendo, M.D. et al. (1) , published in the November 2008 issue of the Journal , calls attention to the fact that the current DSM formulations do not allow suicide risk to be documented as part of a multiaxial diagnosis. Thus, as a result of this absence, suicidal behavior fails to have the prominence that it requires in light of its association with increased risk for future completed suicides and suicide attempts. I am in full agreement with the need to address this important problem, since my previous attempt (2) , approximately 25 years ago, to sensitize the scientific community to the same concern in conjunction with the then upcoming revision of DSM-III appears to have had no impact. However, in contrast to the recommendation by Dr. Oquendo et al. to consider suicidal behavior as a separate diagnosis with documentation in a distinct sixth axis, I proposed that “consideration be given to the possibility of including a sixth digit that would call attention to whether axis I or II diagnoses are associated with the presence of suicidal behavior” (2) . In retrospect, this approach should also be extended to suicidal behavior associated solely with general medical conditions or axis III diagnoses. I also emphasized the need “to denote single and multiple episodes and to indicate whether the behavior was life-threatening” (2) . Nevertheless, the differences between the respective recommendations should not detract from the main focus of efforts toward systematic documentation of suicidal behavior in the DSM-multiaxial system, and hopefully the discussion to determine the best solution will remain open. Orangeburg, N.Y.The author reports no competing interests.This letter (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08111666) was accepted for publication in December 2008.

Platelet serotonin concentration and suicidal behavior in combat related posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and global problem, a psychiatric disorder that frequently occurs with different comorbidities, and is associated with a high suicide rate. Pathophysiologically, both PTSD and suicidal behavior are related to disturbances in the central serotonergic system. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) controls emotional behavior, anxiety, impulsivity and aggression, and nearly all known antidepressants and antianxiety drugs affect 5-HT transmission. Platelet 5-HT can be used as a limited peripheral marker of the central serotonergic synaptosomes, since it is related to particular basic psychopathological characteristics of several psychiatric disorders. Platelet 5-HT concentration has been reported to be similar in PTSD subjects and healthy controls, but suicidal patients across different psychiatric diagnoses have reduced platelet 5-HT concentration. This study examined platelet 5-HT concentration by the spectrofluorimetric method in male subjects: 73 suicidal and 47 non-suicidal veterans with current and chronic combat related PTSD, 45 suicidal and 30 non-suicidal comparative non-PTSD subjects and 147 healthy men. The presence of suicidal behavior (score = 0, non-suicidal; scores ≥ 1, suicidal) was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HDRS). Platelet 5-HT concentration was significantly lower in suicidal PTSD and non-PTSD patients compared to non-suicidal patients or healthy controls. Since the majority of patients scored very low on item 3 of HDRS, no significant correlation between suicidal scores and platelet 5-HT concentration was found. These results show that reduced platelet 5-HT concentration is related to suicidal behavior in PTSD, and suggest that platelet 5-HT concentration might be used as a peripheral marker to predict suicidal behavior across psychiatric diagnoses.

Familial study of suicidal behavior among adolescents in Slovenia.

The number of adolescents who attempt or complete suicide is increasing. Risk factors range from mental disorders, to problems at school, family problems, or difficulties in establishing relationships. A further important, and too often underestimated, risk factor for adolescent suicide is the presence of suicidal behavior in the adolescent's family. We investigated 184 high school adolescents in a region in Slovenia with a high suicide rate (30/100,000/year). They were questioned by means of an anonymous questionnaire about the presence of suicidal behavior in their relatives and about the presence of suicidal thoughts, plans, and acts in themselves. The results revealed that 13% of the adolescents studied had a relative who had attempted suicide and a further 9% of the adolescents had lost a relative due to suicide. About half of all females and almost a third of males had had suicidal thoughts (differences between sexes were statistically significant: chi2 = 6.13; p < .01). Attempted suicide among relatives was positively correlated with the presence of suicidal plans among adolescents (phi = 0.15; p < .05). This correlation proved to be even stronger and statistically more significant in men when we split the sample by gender. All variables (suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicide attempts) in the adolescent males positively correlated with attempted suicide among their relatives ((phi = 0.28, p < .01; phi) = 0.26, p < .05; phi = 0.34, p < .01; respectively). Our results speak in favor of a higher risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents with suicidal behavior in their families.

Suicidal behavior among chronic vietnam theatre veterans with ptsd

Suicidal behavior among Vietnam veterans with chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was evaluated. Sixty chronic PTSD vets admitted to a Specialized PTSD Unit were divided into two groups based on the presence of suicidal behavior: 29 patients in a Suicide Group and 31 in a Non-suicide Group. Subjects were evaluated on symptoms, psychometric measures, military variables, adjustment factors, and pre-military parental patterns of discipline. Results showed that the Suicide Group possessed problems in paternal child-rearing patterns, current adjustment difficulties, and the PTSD symptoms of survival guilt and crying. In a regression analysis, paternal inconsistency of love, survivor guilt, and tendency to cry, in addition to age and sex, accounted for the significant variance of suicidal behavior.

Suicidal behaviour in major depressive illness.

We investigated past suicidal behaviour and family history of suicide in 713 inpatients with major depressive illness. A familial history of suicide (mainly violent) significantly increased the frequency of violent suicidal behaviour in depressive women; bipolar patients being more affected than unipolars. In depressed men, the presence of suicidal behaviour was not significantly affected by polarity. The occurrence of familial suicide significantly increased the risk of violent suicidal behaviour in male depressed attempters. The present study indicates that a familial history of violent suicide is associated with the presence of violent suicidal behaviour in major depressive patients.

Patient dissatisfaction and attempted suicide.

This paper deals with the presence of suicidal behavior in a mental health clinic and psychiatric emergency room, and its relationships to what has been described in the literature as the "dependent-dissatisfied" personality. Procedures included a suicidal potential scale, projective figure drawings, and a brief interview about past and present suicidal behavior. The scale used significantly differentiated between high and low potentially suicidal groups. The high suicidal group showed a significantly greater dissatisfaction with treatment both past and present. The implications for both evaluation and therapy of suicidal patients are discussed.