Presence Of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Research Articles

A Facile, One-pot, and Green Method for Synthesis of 2-Aryl-3-(Phenylamino)Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One Derivatives Using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) in Aqueous Media at the Room Temperature

A facile, one-pot, and green method for synthesis of 2-aryl-3-(phenylamino)dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one derivatives using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) in aqueous media at room temperature through a reaction between isatoic anhydride, phenylhydrazine, benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of SLS. This one-pot protocol provides these valuable desired compounds under mild and green conditions with excellent efficiency by using simple available starting materials.

"EFFECT OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE (SLS)/CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE PROPERTIES OF CELLULOSE MEMBRANE ISOLATED FROM MAIZE STALK"

"Composite systems made of a cellulose matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes are promising materials for different applications, such as portable electronic and medical diagnostics devices. The properties of such systems are dependent on the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes within the nanocomposite product. This study reports on the fabrication and characterization of cellulose/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite membranes in the absence and presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) via the vacuum filtration process. SLS was used in order to improve the dispersion of CNTs. The nanocomposite membrane was prepared in three CNTs:cellulose ratios, viz. 1:1; 1:0.5; 1:0.3. The resulting membranes were analysed by means of SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM and TEM images showed that the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) resulted in a better dispersion of the carbon nanotubes within the cellulose matrix with few visible agglomerates. The incorporation of CNTs in the absence of SLS resulted in superior thermal stability, when compared to SLS-based composite and neat cellulose membranes. The FTIR spectra of the membrane formed in the presence of SLS showed symmetric and asymmetric peaks for SLS, while, naturally, these peaks were absent in the membrane without SLS, which confirmed the presence of SLS in SWCNT."

Preparation, characterization, dissolution, and permeation of flibanserin − 2-HP-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes

Flibanserin (FLB), an antiserotonin drug, is used to treat women with hypoactive sexual appetite disorder. FLB shows low bioavailability (~33%) probably due to its low water solubility. The current study investigated the impact of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the dissolution and permeation of FLB. HP-β-CD–FLB inclusion complexes were prepared using physical mixing and kneading at 1:1 and 1:2 M ratios and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffractometry. The dissolution and permeation of the complexes through a cellophane membrane were performed in, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% SLS in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8).Derived from the slope of the linear phase solubility diagram, the apparent stability constant (K1:1) was 372.54 M−1. Kneading changed the crystalline form of FLB to an amorphous appearance characterized by minimal crystalline peaks, indicating successful inclusion complex formation. In addition, the HP-β-CD–FLB inclusion complexes showed twofold increased dissolution efficiency at 6 h. The cumulative FLB amount permeated at 6 h increased from 14.1% to 21.88% and 34.56% in the presence of 0.1% and 0.3% of SLS, respectively. However, increasing SLS to 0.5% did not show an increase in FLB permeation. Therefore, the HP-β-CD–FLB inclusion complex has an improved dissolution rate compared to FLB alone. The presence of SLS in the dissolution medium increases the dissolution rate of pure FLB and its complex with HP-β-CD. kneaded 1:1 complex was formulated bioadhesive buccal tablets and showed enhanced drug release.

Preparation of ZnO nanoflakes and assessment of their removal of HCN, NO2 and SO2 toxic gases

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoflakes were synthesized using the wet precipitation method from aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide. The obtained materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption methods. The presence of sodium lauryl sulfate in the preparation of zinc oxide resulted in thinner, larger size, and higher specific surface area nanoflakes. The saturated adsorption capacities of zinc oxide nanoflakes for HCN, NO2, and SO2 were 216 mg g–1, 81 mg g–1, and 38 mg g–1, respectively. These results suggest that the material is a potential candidate for the removal of these toxic gases.

Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate

AbstractPreparation of inclusion complex using cyclodextrins is a well-known formulation strategy to elevate the solubility of drugs. However, often cyclodextrins alone may not bring a considerable improvement in the solubility of low solubility drugs. In this study, the inclusion complexation of furosemide (FSM) was tried with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) either with the use or without the use of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which is a surfactant. By using the kneading method, the binary complex of FSM/β-CD in the equal molar ratio was used. FSM and β-CD were kneaded continuously until a thick past was achieved, which was evaporated for a period of about 24 h. The solid complexed product was then crushed and stored in airtight container until use. Phase solubility studies confirmed a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 (FSM/β-CD and FSM/β-CD with SLS). The apparent stability constant and complexation efficiencies of significantly enhanced in the presence of SLS. The prepared complexes were evaluated for DSC, PXRD, 1H NMR, and in vitro release studies. The results exhibited a significant enhancement in diuresis in rats. It is evident that the addition of SLS with β-CD significantly enhances the solubilizing efficiencies and hence bioavailability of FSM.

Extracting vegetable oils from model waters by sorbent on the base on carbonate sludge

The peculiarities of sorption interactions between TMSP600 material obtained from carbonate sludge from sugar production and model sewage containing vegetable oils are investigated. It was found that in the absence of synthetic surfactants, TMSP effectively interacts with emulsions of vegetable oils and causes their rapid clarification. In the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate, efficiency is markedly reduced. The observed phenomenon is explained by the presence of a negative charge on the oil droplets, as a result of which they are repulsed from TMSP600 particles. The purification efficiency remains quite high at a synthetic surfactant concentration of <0.01 mg/dm3; therefore, TMSP600 can be considered acceptable for treating sewage contaminated with vegetable oils at a low synthetic surfactant content in the system.

UV-Visible Spectrophotometric and Photochemical Characterization of Safranine–Fructose–Sodium Lauryl Sulphate System in Photogalvanic Cell

The solar energy is the mother of all renewable energy resources except nuclear energy. The conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is the interest of research area because electrical energy can be converted into nearly all forms of energy as per requirement. The aim of this paper is to study the spectral behavior of safranine–fructose–sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) system in alkaline medium, photogalvanic effect of the same system and correlate the relationship between concentration of safranine, fructose, alkali and SLS corresponding to maximum absorbance and electrical output obtained by spectral and photogalvanic study, respectively. To achieve our objective, the absorbance spectra of fixed concentration of safranine solution in presence of different concentration of fructose, NaOH and SLS have been recorded, by varying concentration one of these at a time. It was observed that the presence of alkali and fructose only increased the absorbance value whereas SLS increases both absorbance and λmax value of safranine. This indicates stable safranine–SLS complex (interaction) formation. The photogalvanic effects of the cell containing safranine as photosensitizer, fructose as a reductant with and without SLS as surfactant systems have also been studied using Pt as a working electrode under the influence of artificial light. In presence of SLS, an increase the electrical output of the cells was observed, indicating a strong molecular interaction of safranine-fructose mixed solution with SLS in alkaline medium at laboratory temperature. Hence, the SLS has played a significant role in the enhancement of electrical output of safranine-fructose system. The resultant concentrations of safranine, fructose, alkali and SLS from both studies are strongly supported to each other corresponding maximum absorbance and electrical output value. Therefore, present study may be helpful to understand the reasons for increasing in electrical output of dye-reductant system in presence of surfactant in the photogalvanic cell.

Toxic impacts induced by Sodium lauryl sulfate in Mytilus galloprovincialis

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are continuously dispersed into the environment, as a result of human and veterinary use, reaching aquatic coastal systems and inhabiting organisms. However, information regarding to toxic effects of these compounds towards marine invertebrates is still scarce, especially in what regards to metabolic capacity and oxidative status alterations induced in bivalves after chronic exposure. In the present study, the toxic impacts of Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), an anionic surfactant widely used as an emulsifying cleaning agent in household and cosmetics, were evaluated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, after exposure for 28 days to different concentrations (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L). For this, effects on mussels respitation rate, metabolic capacity and oxidative status were evaluated. The obtained results indicate a significant decrease on mussel's respiration rate after exposure to different SLS concentrations, an alteration that was accompanied by a decrease of bioconcentration factor along the increasing exposure gradient, especially at the highest exposure concentration. Nonetheless, the amount of SLS accumulated in organisms originated alterations in mussel's metabolic performance, with higher metabolic capacity up to 2.0 mg/L followed by a decrease at the highest tested concentration (4.0 mg/L). Mussels exposed to SLS revealed limited antioxidant defense mecanhisms but cellular damage was only observed at the highest exposure concentration (4.0 mg/L). In fact, up to 2.0 mg/L of SLS limited toxic impacts were observed, namely in terms of oxidative stress and redox balance. However, since mussel's respiration rate was greatly affected by the presence of SLS, the present study may highlight the potential threat of SLS towards marine bivalves, limiting their filtration capacity and, thus, affecting their global physiological development (including growth and reproduction) and ultimely their biochemical performance (afecting their defense capacity towards stressful conditons).

Effect of sodium lauryl sulphate on microstructure, corrosion resistance and microhardness of electrodeposition of Ni–Co3O4 composite coatings

Ni–Co3O4 composite coatings were electrodeposited on mild steel surface from a Watts-type bath in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The dispersed Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS have a greater tendency to move towards cathode and get incorporated in the coating. SLS modifies chemical composition, surface morphology and microstructure of the Ni–Co3O4 composite coating. The developed composite coating exhibits higher corrosion resistance and microhardness than the pure nickel coating. The loadings of bath solution with different concentrations of Co3O4 particles in the presence of SLS provide hydrophobic nature to the coating surface, which is much effective in enhancing the corrosion resistance of Ni–Co3O4 composite coating. The agglomeration of Co3O4 particles (>3 g/L) under high bath load condition develops defects and dislocation on the coating surface, which results in lower corrosion resistance of the deposit. The mechanical properties of the hydrophobic coatings were assessed by the linear abrasion test.

Effects of Polymer/Surfactant as Carriers on the Solubility and Dissolution of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersion.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of polymer/surfactant as carriers on the solubility and dissolution of fenofibrate solid dispersions (FF SDs) with the aid of systematic research on the physicochemical properties of the polymer/surfactant system and further highlight the importance of studying polymer/surfactant interaction in the preformulation. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of polymer/SLS solutions were obtained through conductivity measurement. Meanwhile, surface tension, viscosity, morphology, and wettability of polymer/SLS with different weight ratios of SLS were analyzed to screen out the suitable content of SLS (weight%, 5% in carriers) incorporated in SDs. Polymer/SLS coprecipitate and FF SDs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that FF was molecularly dispersed in SDs. Compared to the solubility of FF in povidone/SLS (PVP/SLS) solutions, the increment of FF solubility in copovidone/SLS (VA64/SLS) solutions was due to the formation of free SLS micelles, which have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particularly, the wettability of FF SDs and physical mixtures (PMs) was also determined by the sessile drop technique. A linear relationship between the wettability of carriers and that of FF SDs was found, which revealed the significant role of carriers on the surface composition of FF SDs. As the molecular weight of PVP increased, the wettability of carriers decreased, thus leading to the reduction of the dissolution rate of SDs. Although the presence of SLS did not enhance the dissolution of FF SDs, it increased the amount of drug released at the initial stage. All these results indicated that the polymer/SLS interaction would affect the performance of SDs; hence, it was necessary to study their properties in the preformulation.

Solubilization of drugs using sodium lauryl sulfate: Experimental data and modeling

Micellar solubilization is a great method for increasing drugs solubility in aqueous environments. At concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), micelles are formed and they are able to increase the apparent aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is one of the common solubilizing agents in pharmaceutical sciences. Investigation on the water solubility of drugs in the presence of surfactants and the development of a relationship between drug solubility in the presence of SLS and structural descriptors is an important issue in the prediction and understanding of the solubilization mechanism. The aims of this study are: determination of experimental solubility of drugs in the presence of SLS and development of models for finding a relationship between solubilization factor by SLS and structural descriptors. Samples were prepared by adding excess amount of 19 drugs (with diverse structural and physicochemical properties) to water and an aqueous solution of SLS at different concentrations, that is, less than (0.1%) and above the CMC (0.5%). The mixtures were placed in a shaker-incubator for 72–96 h at 37 °C. Then, the equilibrated samples were filtered and analyzed at maximum wavelengths by UV-spectrophotometry and the concentrations were calculated based on the calibration curves. Afterward, the molecular descriptors of drugs were computed and their relationship with solubilization factor in the presence of SLS was investigated. Most of the drugs showed a considerable increase in solubility above the CMC (0.5%) of SLS. Therefore, the effective mechanism for solubilization by surfactants is the formation of micelles. On the other hand, a good correlation was observed between structural descriptors and solubilization power in the presence of surfactant. Overall, SLS is a good solubilization agent and the solubility in aqueous solution of SLS depends on various structural descriptors.

Maintaining Supersaturation of Nimodipine by PVP with or without the Presence of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Taurocholate.

Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most versatile supersaturating drug delivery systems to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. PVP based ASD formulation of nimodipine (NMD) has been marketed and effectively used in clinic for nearly 30 years, yet the mechanism by which PVP maintains the supersaturation and subsequently improves the bioavailability of NMD was rarely investigated. In this research, we first studied the molecular interactions between NMD and PVP by solution NMR, using CDCl3 as the solvent, and the drug-polymer Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. No strong specific interaction between PVP and NMD was detected in the nonaqueous state. However, we observed that aqueous supersaturation of NMD could be significantly maintained by PVP, presumably due to the hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic moieties of PVP and NMD in aqueous medium. This hypothesis was supported by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and supersaturation experiments in the presence of different surfactants. DLS revealed the formation of NMD/PVP aggregates when NMD was supersaturated, suggesting the formation of hydrophobic interactions between the drug and polymer. The addition of surfactants, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium taurocholate (NaTC), into PVP maintained that NMD supersaturation demonstrated different effects: SLS could only improve NMD supersaturation with concentration above its critical aggregation concentration (CAC) value while not with lower concentration. Nevertheless, NaTC could prolong NMD supersaturation independent of concentration, with lower concentration outperformed higher concentration. We attribute these observations to PVP-surfactant interactions and the formation of PVP/surfactant complexes. In summary, despite the lack of specific interactions in the nonaqueous state, NMD aqueous supersaturation in the presence of PVP was attained by hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic moieties of NMD and PVP. This hydrophobic interaction could be disrupted by surfactants, which interact with PVP competitively, thus hindering the capability of PVP to maintain NMD supersaturation. Therefore, caution is needed when evaluating such ASDs in vitro and in vivo when various surfactants are present either in the formulation or in the surrounding medium.

Development of a novel electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer for selective detection of sodium lauryl sulfate in environmental waters and cosmetic products

In this study, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the electrochemical detection of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is reported. The MIP based screen-printed gold electrode (Au-SPE) was prepared by an electrochemical polymerization of 2-aminothiophenol (2-ATP) in the presence of SLS as target molecule. For control, a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) sensor was also constructed identically by omitting the SLS template. Moreover, the selectivity of the proposed MIP sensor was investigated by using analogues such as Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tween 80 and Urea, revealing satisfactory selectivity toward SLS. The electrochemical characterization of the elaborated sensor was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The morphology of the MIP sensor was studied by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. Some experimental parameters such as number of cycle for the electropolymerization, incubation time of 2-ATP, elution and SLS incubation time, were optimized to improve the sensor performances. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical sensor exhibits a logarithmic working range from 0.1 to 1000 pg/mL, and a detection limit of 0.18 pg/mL. Additionally, compared with reported works, the sensor possesses remarkable properties, such as a higher sensitivity and selectivity, a good reproducibility, a wider logarithmic range, a lower detection limit and a long-term stability. As real application, the developed MIP sensor was well employed to determine SLS contents in environmental waters and cosmetic products samples. A UV–vis spectrophotometer was used as reference method. A partial least squares (PLS) technique was well employed to study the correlation between the spectrophotometer and the MIP sensor technology with a satisfactory regression coefficient (R = 0.99). The obtained results during the sensor development and applications suggested an interesting and valuable tool for environmental analysis.

Dielectric study of polystyrene/polycaprolactone composites prepared by miniemulsion polymerization

Composite of polystyrene (PS) and a biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL), has been prepared by miniemulsion polymerization technique. In the procedures, different amounts of commercial PCL were added during polymerization of PS in presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant. Formation of PS and PS/PCL nanoparticles was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and their structure was investigated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)and UV spectrometry. Encapsulation of PCL particles yielded nanoparticles of gradual enlargement in size as revealed by zeta sizer. However, significant information about the molecular dynamics within the composite and charge mobility can be realized by Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). So that, BDShas been employed to investigate the electrical and dielectric behavior of the considered composites over a wide range of frequency and temperature. It was found that the dielectric properties of the composites seem to be mainly due to the PS shell with no significant effect for presence of PCL in the core. The linear decrease of the real part of conductivity of the prepared blends with decreasing frequency just like the perfect insulator confirmed the encapsulation feature of the structure. The new materials can find applications in packaging, household beside biomedical fields.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSUSPENSION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM

Poor water solubility and slow dissolution rate are issues for majority of upcoming and existing biologically active compounds. The aim of present work was to increase the dissolution rate of Rosuvastatin Calcium, a poorly water soluble drug and hence improve its oral bioavailability by Nanosuspension technology. Nanosuspension is new carrier free colloidal drug delivery system with nano sized particles below 1000 nm, and considered as a great drug delivery technique to enhance the drug dissolution and solubility. In the present work Nanosuspension is made by nanoprecipitation technique in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant and PVPK-30 as stabilizer. Prepared Nanosuspension was evaluated for its particle size study, in vitro dissolution study and characterized by Screening Electron microscopy (SEM).&#x0D; Different concentrations of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and PVPK-30 were evaluated. All formulations were in the nano size and showed marked improvement in dissolution and solubility compared to pure drug of micron size. Finally it was concluded that formulating poorly soluble drugs in the form of Nanosuspension would be a promising approach in delivery of poor water soluble drugs by oral route in a simple and effective way.

New alginate foams: Box‐Behnken design of their manufacturing; fire retardant and thermal insulating properties

ABSTRACTA new method for preparing alginate foams with progressive release of copper in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, foaming agent) has been designed. Copper acts as the ionotropic gelling agent through the reaction of copper carbonate with gluconolactone. The process does not require freeze‐drying contrarily to the conventional method used for preparing macroporous alginate foams. The new materials investigated in this study have remarkable thermal properties, including thermal conductivity lower than 0.041 W m−1 K−1 and low heat release (below 2 kJ g−1), which allows labeling these foams self‐extinguishing materials. An experimental design methodology, based on a Box‐Behnken plan with three parameters and three levels, is successfully used for evaluating the impact of the amounts of alginate, SLS, and copper carbonate on the productivity, apparent density, and shrinking at air‐drying. It yielded an optimization of the process for the manufacturing of light, and stable/rigid insulating and thermally stable materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45868.

Incorporation of Tetrazolium Blue (TB)/Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) into Carbon Paste Electrode: Application as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Sensitive and Selective Determination of Sotalol in Micellar Medium

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of Sotalol (SOT) based on Tetrazolium Blue (TB)/gold nanoparticles (GNPs)‐modified carbon paste electrodes (CPE) have been studied in the presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques have all been utilized within this study. GNPs and TB have a synergetic effect‐giving rise to highly improved electrochemical responses and provide an advantageous platform for the basis of an electrochemical sensor with excellent performance. The experimental parameters, electrodeposition time, pH and scan rate have all been examined and optimized. The sensing of SOT via DPV is found to exhibit a wide linear dynamic range of 1.0×10−7–7.5×10−4 M in pH 2. LOD and LOQ were calculated and found to correspond to 2.5×10−8 M and 8.3×10−8 M, respectively. The suggested sensor has been used successfully for SOT determination in pharmaceutical samples and human urine as real samples. Satisfactory recoveries of analyte from these samples are demonstrated indicating that the suggested sensor is highly suitable for clinical analysis, quality control and a routine determination of SOT in pharmaceutical formulations.

Impact of surfactant on the pore and particle sizes of copolymer (2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide) nanohydrogels for controlled release of 5‐fluorouracil

Nanohydrogels were prepared from copolymerization of acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AAm) in presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The direct ionizing radiation of γ‐rays was used to initiate the copolymerization reaction. The different concentrations of SLS, variable irradiation doses, a fixed total monomer concentration, and comonomer composition were used. The features of nanohydrogel were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, and BET surface area analysis of porosity. The results confirmed the structure formation of copoly(AMPS/AAm) nanohydrogels. The SLS concentration affects clearly the pore characteristics and nanoparticle sizes. The nanoparticle and pore size distributions referred to that the pores and nanoparticle formed in wide range of nanoscale. The surface area and pore volume depended basically on the SLS concentration. The gel fraction of nanohydrogels ranged from (98 ± 2.3) to (100 ± 1.5)%. The nanohydrogels were used in in vitro release of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) at different simulated fluids. The release profile showed a prolonged release of 5‐FU at two different simulated fluids of pHs of 1.2 for simulated gastric fluid and 7.4 for simulated intestinal fluid. The study demonstrated that copoly(AMPS/AAm) nanohydrogel may serve as a promising material for the sustained release of 5‐FU in stomach and colon media. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:94–102, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

Controlled synthesis and characterization of nanohydrogels formed from copolymer (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid/acrylamide)

AbstractNanohydrogels were prepared from copolymer 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)/acrylamide (AAm) in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) followed by γ-ray exposure. Different molar ratios of AMPS to AAm, 100:0 to 0:100, were investigated. The particle sizes of nanohydrogels were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The effects of different comonomer composition and pH on swelling (%) and gelation (%) were studied. The characterization of nanohydrogels was performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that particle sizes ranged from ~9.5 to ~39 nm.

The effect of extractant on the removal of heavy metal ions by thermoresponsive cellulose graft copolymer

The adsorption and desorption property of the thermoresponsive cellulose-graft-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymer for Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions have been investigated by temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process. In this study, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) which interact with heavy metals were chosen as the extractants and their effect on the adsorption capacity of cellulose copolymer was investigated. The adsorption (50°C) and desorption (10°C) processes were performed by temperature swing. The kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo-second order model and intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate controlling step. In the non-competitive medium, the adsorption of heavy metal ions occurred in the order Cd(II)>Cu(II)>Ni(II) in the presence of SLS, but in the case of DTAC it followed the order Cu(II)>Cd(II)>Ni(II)>Pb(II).