Presence Of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Research Articles

Rheological and physicochemical properties of heat-induced ovalbumin gels in presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

In this study, the effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) on the rheological and physicochemical properties of heat-induced ovalbumin (OVA) gels was evaluated. The OVA/CMC-Na composite gels were prepared by heat-induced (85 °C, pH 7.0) a mixture of CMC-Na (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1%) and OVA. The results revealed that the addition of CMC-Na dramatically reduced the springiness and hardness of the composite gels, while slightly enhancing the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, which facilitated the improvement of the softness of the gels. It can be observed by SEM that the added CMC-Na was stacked on the surface of the OVA, resulting in visible "linear bumps". All gel samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior. The apparent viscosity of the composite gels increased with the addition of CMC-Na, and the OVA gel with 1% CMC-Na showed the highest apparent viscosity and the lowest storage modulus (G'). Additionally, low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) measurements indicated that the increasing CMC-Na boosted the water mobility of the composite gel. This study offers a novel approach to the development of ovalbumin-based soft gel foods, especially for certain populations with swallowing difficulties.

Binding influence of sunset yellow dye on the sodium tetradecyl sulphate micelles in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose medium

The textile, pharmaceutical, and coloring industries can all benefit from a better understanding of the process by which dyes and surfactants interact to develop better formulas and techniques for dye separation. UV–vis spectroscopy was widely used to investigate interactions between the anionic food colour sunset yellow (SSY) and the anionic surfactant sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) in the absence and presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) in various concentrations at 25 °C. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of STS was lowered in both aqueous and NaCMC solutions when SSY was present. NaCMC prevented STS from becoming micellized when the amount was increased in the micellar medium. The CMC values obtained using the “second-derivative” method were consistent with those discovered using UV absorbance techniques. The binding capabilities of SSY with STS micelles in the presence of NaCMC were evaluated using a UV absorbance study at 25 °C. The outcomes demonstrated that hydrophobic interaction influenced SSY binding. The occupancy of SSY molecules was projected to rise with an increase in NaCMC in the STS micellar solution based on the quantity of SSY molecules (i0). Finally, when NaCMC was present, the presence of SSY was used as a counterion to enhance the micellization of STS. This formulation would be necessary for both medicinal and textile applications.

The influence of organic and inorganic additives on the polymer mediated phase separation of Triton X-100

Herein, the investigation of the phase partition mode of the mixture of Triton X-100 (TX-100) + sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) was performed in presence of different organic and inorganic additives media. Results reveal that the phase separation behavior of TX-100 is facilitated by the presence of SCMC. The cloud point (CP) of the TX-100 + SCMC mixture was observed to be enhanced in presence of alcohols (ethanol (EtOH) and 1-propanol (1-PrOH)) as well as diols (ethanediol (ED) and propanediol (PD)), with more prominent results seen in the case of PD. The presence of salts causes earlier phase separation. The values of Gibbs free energy (ΔGco) were positive but decreased as the concentration of the additives (both organic and inorganic) increased. This revealed that the phase separation of the TX-100 + SCMC mixture was thermodynamically non-spontaneous, and the extent of its non-spontaneity decreased as the concentrations of both organic and inorganic additives increased. The phase segregation is enthalpy-controlled in an aqueous medium, while it is entropy-controlled in aqua-organic media, although it demonstrates the opposite result at greater concentrations of organic additives. The magnitudes of enthalpy (ΔHco) and entropy (ΔSco) of clouding were found to be negative and positive at lower and upper concentration of electrolytes, respectively. The magnitudes of ΔHco and ΔSco reveal that the hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, dipole-dipole and ion-dipole interactions are the key forces of interaction between TX-100 and SCMC. Different transfer energies and enthalpy-entropy compensation are also discussed.

Inhibition of calcium carbonate fouling on heat transfer surface using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

Inhibition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fouling using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) was investigated in this study, focusing on the effect of the SCMC concentration on the fouling characteristics of CaCO3 on the stainless steel surface. The fouling characteristics were investigated via pH displacement method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and dynamic experiment analysis. The experimental results indicated that these three methods provided a consistent conclusion: SCMC exhibited a promising performance of fouling inhibition, and the inhibition efficiency and induction period of CaCO3 fouling increased with increasing SCMC concentration ranging from 50 to 200 mg L−1. The inhibition efficiency reached 93.2% for SCMC concentration of 200 mg L−1. Scanning electron microscopy images of CaCO3 fouling changed from irregular slender needles and clusters to small chips with the addition of SCMC. Moreover, a protective film was formed on the stainless steel surface by adsorption of the constituent of SCMC in the presence of SCMC, directly preventing the deposition of CaCO3 fouling on stainless steel surface.

Novel nanosheets-assembled Bi 12.5 P 0.5 O 20 microcubes: Facile hydrothermal synthesis, optical and catalytic performances

Fabrication of assembly structure composed of building blocks is one of the important challenges in material chemistry field, because such unique nanoarchitectures help us to a better comprehension of the “bottom-up” route and afford a platform to explore and discover some new and interesting performances of micro/nanomaterials. Herein, we for the first time present a facile hydrothermal synthesis route for the fabrication of novel nanosheets-assembled Bi12.5P0.5O20 microcubes with the edge-length in 1–2 µm. The thickness of the sheet-like building block was calculated to be ∼23 nm. Some factors (reaction temperature, time, the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the amount of NaOH) influencing the morphology and phase of the product were also investigated. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of the product revealed that the bandgap of the Bi12.5P0.5O20 sample was 2.71 eV. Furthermore, catalytic experiments demonstrated that the Bi12.5P0.5O20 microcubes exhibited excellent catalytic ability for the transformation of 4-nitrophenol in the existence of excess NaBH4 solution.

Grafting of oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose with hydrogen peroxide in presence of Cu(II) to chitosan and biological elucidation

The chemical interaction of chitosan (CS) is performed in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and/or oxidized CMC. The latter is obtained by the action of H2O2/CuSO4 to generate carbonyl and carboxyl groups which were increased with CuSO4 concentration. The characterization of these new materials is made by FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. Examination of the hemolytic potential showed that the hydrogels were non hemolytic in nature. The hydrogels were non-toxic and blood-compatible. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of samples were investigated.

The Enhancement of Nasal Drug Absorption From Powder Formulations by the Addition of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose.

For nasal drug absorption, powder formulations can be expected to provide many advantages. The first aim of this study was to examine drug absorption following nasal administration of powder formulations in rats. Pharmaceutical excipients are typically added to most powder formulations. The second aim was to investigate the change in nasal drug absorption of powder formulations in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Model drugs used were norfloxacin (NFX), warfarin (WF), and piroxicam (PXC). The absorption from bulk powders is different from that of solutions. The absorption of PXC and WF from powder formulations was enhanced compared to those of the other solutions, while that of NFX, which has a low solubility, was decreased, suggesting that the nasal absorption of many drugs, except poorly soluble drugs, is enhanced when they are administered as powder formulations. CMC-Na enhanced the absorption of NFX and PXC. The presence of CMC-Na slightly decreased the absorption of WF. In vitro transepithelial transport from the powder formulation was not affected by the presence of CMC-Na. Furthermore, the nasal retention of the powder formulation was significantly increased in the presence of CMC-Na. In conclusion, the nasal absorption of many drugs, except those that are poorly soluble, can be increased by administering them as a powder formulation and the nasal absorption of the formulation is enhanced further in the presence of CMC-Na.

Effect of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose on inhibition of scaling by calcium carbonate and sulfate

Sodium-carboxymethylcellulose inhibits the crystallization of calcium carbonate and sulfate on the surface of stainless steel in a supersaturated aqueous solution at 80°C. An increase in the size of calcium carbonate crystals and a change of their structure is observed in the presence of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose. The data obtained indicate that development of new “green” reagents for oil and gas extraction, scale inhibitors, on the basis of sodium-carboxymethylcellulose is promising.

High energy density asymmetric supercapacitors based on polyaniline nanotubes and tungsten trioxide rods

A high energy density asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled utilizing polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes as the positive electrode and tungsten trioxide (WO3) rods as the negative electrode. The PANI nanotubes are synthesized via a simple chemical template-free method in the presence of D-tartaric acid as the dopant, and ammonium persulfate as the oxidant, and the WO3 rods are synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a template. The PANI//WO3 ASC device operates with a voltage of 2.0 V and achieved a remarkable specific capacitance of 151 F g−1 at a charge/discharge current density of 0.25 A g−1 and a high energy density of 41.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 261 W kg−1. Furthermore, the device showed an excellent charge/discharge cycling performance in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte, with capacitance retention of 71 % after 10,000 cycles. The high performance of the supercapacitor is due to the unique structure of the electrode materials which can provide high electrode/electrolyte contact area and make electrochemical reaction quickly.

Sodium carboxymethylcellulose-induced aggregation of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in aqueous solutions

Aggregation behavior of a surface active ionic liquid 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C10MeImCl) was studied in aqueous solutions in absence and in presence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) by electrical conductivity, surface tension, vapor pressure, and fluorescence measurements. Ion-association behavior of C10MeImCl (aq) in the premicellar regime has also been investigated. Two characteristic concentrations, namely the critical aggregation concentration and polymer saturation concentration, before free C10MeImCl micelles appear in C10MeImCl–NaCMC solutions were identified. Effects of temperature, NaCMC concentration, and the bulk solution structural property on the self-aggregation of C10MeImCl have been discussed to elucidate C10MeImCl–NaCMC interactions. Thermodynamics of the micellization processes provided important insight regarding the (a) release of water molecules from the hydration layer around the hydrophilic domain, and from the water cage around the hydrophobic moiety of the SAIL, and (b) transfer of the hydrocarbon chains into the micelle and restoration of the H-bonding structure of the water around the micelle.

Phase transitions in cellulose microfibril dispersions by high-energy mechanical deagglomeration.

It is shown that dispersions of cellulose microfibrils display gel-sol and direct gel-colloidal liquid crystalline structure transitions. This is achieved by applying high-energy mechanical deagglomeration to bacterial cellulose (BC) networks in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). At high CMC content adsorption of the polymer leads to a significant increase in the ζ potential. The resulting apparent phase diagram shows transitions from aggregates to single microfibril dispersions with increasing the CMC/BC weight ratio at low microfibril concentrations. At higher concentrations, liquid crystalline ordering was observed and the microstructure becomes more homogeneous with increasing the CMC content. The observed liquid crystalline ordering was found to be reminiscent of nematic gels. Applying deagglomeration in the presence of CMC, thus, transitions the system from aggregates and gels to dispersions of single microfibrils and nematic gel-type structures.

Synthesis of polypyrrole/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanospheres with enhanced supercapacitor performance

Polypyrrole/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PPy/CMC) nanospheres have been synthesized via in-situ oxidation polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a polymerization template. The size and shape of the composite are uniform with a diameter of about 100nm. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite are investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements. The specific capacitance of PPy/CMC nanospheres can be as high as 184Fg−1 at a current density of 0.25Ag−1. Moreover, the hybrid electrode showed good cyclic stability of 80% retention after 200 cycles of charge/discharge after introducing CMC as template. These results indicate a promising potential application of the PPy/CMC nanocomposite used as an effective electrode material in supercapacitors.

Influence of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate on sweetness intensity of Aspartame

Sensory evaluation of Aspartame in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-L) and sodium alginate (SA) revealed that only CMC-L showed a suppression effect, while SA did not. By using an artificial taste receptor model, we found that the presence of SA or CMC-L resulted in a decrease in association constants. Further investigation of CMC-L solution revealed that the decrease in water mobility and diffusion also contribute to the suppression effect. In the case of SA, the decreased viscosity and comparatively higher amount of free water facilitated the diffusion of sweetener, which might compensate for the decreased binding constant between Aspartame and receptor. This may suppress the impact of SA on sweetness intensity. The results suggest that exploring the binding affinity of taste molecules with the receptor, along with water mobility and diffusion in hydrocolloidal structures, provide sufficient information for understanding the mechanism behind the effect of macromolecular hydrocolloids on taste.

Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Green Synthesis of Analcime Icositetrahedra: Insight into Intermediates Formed in the Reversed Crystal Growth Process

AbstractThis contribution reports new details that we have observed in the early stages of the reversed crystal growth of zeolite analcime icositetrahedra synthesized by a facile microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a green template. The detailed time‐dependent evolution of the crystallization and the morphology of the crystals were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) analysis. Under microwave irradiation and in the viscous environment provided by CMC, some kinetically controlled stages provided new information about the early stages of analcime crystal growth; hollow microsphere thin‐shell nanoplatelets and nanorods orderly fill the core, and this creates a thick core. The influence of parameters such as CMC concentration, microwave irradiation time, and hydrothermal reaction time on the crystallinity, size, and morphology of the analcime crystals was thoroughly investigated. Perfect large analcime icositetrahedra were obtained only at CMC concentrations and long microwave irradiation times. Moreover, the employment of acid‐treated seeds led to the formation of analcime nanocrystals of 60 ± 20 nm accompanied by the retained ANA parent. Our results suggest that these newly revealed orientations of the precursors could shed light on the early stages of reversed crystal growth of other zeolites and microstructured materials in the field of materials science and crystal engineering.

Rheological properties of highly concentrated anthracite coal-water slurries stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

The rheological behavior of highly concentrated hydrosuspensions based on anthracite stabilized with the use of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose of different molecular weights and degrees of substitution was studied. It was found that the hydrosuspensions of low-ash anthracite exhibited a viscoplastic flow in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. It was revealed that the adsorption of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose on anthracite particles and the structurization of the dispersion medium due to the formation of a polymer network contribute to the stabilization of hydrosuspensions.

Colloidal nickel(0)-carboxymethyl cellulose particles: A biopolymer-inorganic catalyst for hydrogenation of nitro-aromatics and carbonyl compounds

article i nfo Colloidal solution of nickel(0) in carboxymethyl cellulose showed good catalytic efficiency in hydrogena- tion of aromatic nitro compounds, as well as aliphatic and aromatic ketones in aqueous medium yielding the respective aromatic amines and alcohols in excellent yield along with moderate to good reusability of the catalyst. The catalyst was isolated and characterized by powder XRD, EDX, SEM and TEM studies. The active phase of the catalyst consists of nickel nanoparticles entrapped in carboxymethyl cellulose (Col-Ni-CMC Nps). The ecofriendly synthesis was performed in water at room temperature by NaBH4 reduc- tion of nickel chloride in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).

Fabrication of cross-like NH4V4O10 nanobelt array controlled by CMC as soft template and photocatalytic activity of its calcinated product

The ammonium vanadium oxide cross-like nanobelt arrays with bamboo mat center were synthesized via hydrothermal method using NH4VO3 as precursors in presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 160°C for 6h. Synthesized-products were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, SA-ED, HR-TEM, and FT-IR. The effects of CMC concentration, pH value and temperature on the product morphology were investigated. pH value plays a crucial role in the formation of cross-like nanobelt arrays. Based on the results of time dependent experiments, the growth process of the cross-like NH4V4O10 nanobelt arrays is proposed. Furthermore, the mixed valance state vanadium oxide nanobelt arrays were obtained by calcination of the cross-like NH4V4O10 nanobelt arrays at 400°C for 40min and its capability of catalytic degradation of rhodamine B with oxygen in aqueous under UV/vis light irradiation was studied and compared with anionic dyes. The influence of temperature on the photocatalytic degradation was also investigated. The result showed that the degradation efficiency of rhodamine B catalyzed by the calcinated product was about 95% at pH 6.8 and 75°C for 3h and 30min, suggesting it is a candidate of efficient catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation.

In situ synthesis of polyaniline/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanorods for high-performance redox supercapacitors

Polyaniline/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (PANI/CMC) nanorods have been synthesized via in-situ oxidation polymerization of aniline in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a polymerization template. The structure and morphology of the nanorods are characterized by TEM, FE-SEM and XRD. The size and shape of the composite nanorods are uniform with a diameter of 100 nm. Their electrochemical properties are also investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. The specific capacitance of PANI/CMC nanorods prepared with 20 wt% CMC can be as high as 451.25 F g−1. Its capacitance remains higher than 300 F g−1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. These novel nanorods are desirable for applications in supercapacitor devides.

Pd–sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposites display a morphology dependent response to hydrogen gas

Hydrogen reduction of H2PdCl4 in the presence of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) in dynamic thin films on a microfluidic spinning disc platform affords Pd–SCMC nano-structures. The morphology of Pd nanocomposites changed from well-connected nano-rosettes to disconnected agglomerates with an increase in SCMC concentration. These nanocomposites were drop cast on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) to afford sensors for hydrogen gas, with a decrease and increase response in current for nano-rosettes and agglomerates structures, respectively.

Nanostructured BiVO4 photocatalysts synthesized via a polymer-assisted coprecipitation method and their photocatalytic properties under visible-light irradiation

Nanostructured BiVO4 photocatalysts were synthesized by a coprecipitation process in the presence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), which acts as a steric stabilizer during the formation and growth of the BiVO4 nanoparticles. Samples with different contents of CMC were prepared in order to study the effect of the polymer on the final morphology of the oxide. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET). The presence of CMC during the first stage of BiVO4 synthesis, promoted the formation of granular particles controlling its morphology and favoring its dispersion. The BiVO4 monoclinic polymorph (m-BiVO4) was obtained free of the tetragonal crystalline form (t-BiVO4) by annealing at different temperatures, which were influenced by CMC content: 400 °C (0.5 wt %), 450 °C (3.0 wt %), and 350 °C (6.0 and 9.0 wt %). BiVO4 nanoparticles showed photocatalytic activity, as they bleached an aqueous solution of rhodamine B (rhB) under visible-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the BiVO4 samples was directly correlated with the amount of CMC added during the synthesis process.