Presence Of Sludge Research Articles

Determination of the Effectiveness of Epinephrine Spray on the Papillae in Preventing Pancreatitis after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

As the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is acute pancreatitis, researchers have paid due attention to minimize this complication using various drugs, one of which is epinephrine. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of epinephrine spray on the papilla in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). The present double-blind clinical trial was performed on 164 patients undergoing ERCP. Patients in both groups received 50 mg rectal suppository as usual before ERCP. Then, during ERCP, epinephrine or normal saline was sprayed topically on the major papillae. After the intervention, patients were evaluated in terms of the incidence of PEP. The results of the present study revealed that the incidence of PEP in the epinephrine and control groups was 2.4% and 4.9%, respectively (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the incidence of bleeding after ERCP, number of accidental pancreatic duct cannulation, the increase in vision during common bile duct cannulations, the need for precut sphincterotomy, and the number of hospitalization days (P > 0.05). In addition, the chance of developing PEP was lower and higher in patients with higher ages (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; P = 0.030) and biliary sludge (OR: 4.97; P = 0.042), respectively. As compared with indomethacin alone (control group), it seems that the administration of epinephrine can be effective in reducing the incidence of PEP, although this relationship was not recognized to be significant in this study and only the age and the presence of sludge had a negative and positive relationship with the incidence of PEP, respectively.

Abstract 14511: A Single Center Experience With the Safety and Feasibility of Concomitant Atrial Fibrillation Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: Six-Month Outcomes

Introduction: Given the procedural similarities between atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation and left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion, interest has grown over recent years in combining them into a single concomitant procedure as a strategy for rhythm control and stroke prevention. We report on the short-term outcomes of the combined procedure in a single center case series. Methods and Results Data was gathered by retrospective chart review. Between June 2015 to August 2021, 242 patients (61% male, mean age 72 ± 8, CHA2DS2-VASc 3.8 ± 1.3, HAS-BLED 2.5 ± 1.1) underwent concomitant AF ablation and LAA occlusion with the Watchman device. Successful occlusion occurred in 224 patients (93%) with a mean procedural time of 182 ± 76 minutes, mean maximum compression of 25 ± 5.5%, and a median number of 1 device. Reasons for aborting included anatomic difficulties (83%), the presence of sludge or thrombus in the LAA (11%), and edema at the site of ablation in only 1 case (6%). Peri-procedural complications included 2 cases of left atrial appendage perforation requiring surgical device extraction, 1 stroke, 6 cases of pericarditis, and 4 vascular access site complications including 1 retroperitoneal bleed, 1 superficial hematoma, 1 persistent bleeding requiring admission, and 1 arteriovenous fistula. 205 patients (92%) had appropriate follow-up within 6 months. Anticoagulation was successfully discontinued in 90 patients (44%) at 3 months, and 178 patients (87%) at 6 months. Antiarrhythmics were discontinued in 25 patients at 3 months (12%) and 35 patients at 6 months (17%). Ninety-day complications included 12 cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, 4 cases of genitourinary bleeding, 3 cases of volume overload, 2 cases of epistaxis, and 1 intracerebral hemorrhage. All patients with repeat imaging (95%) over a mean follow-up duration of 93 days remained with adequate occlusion, with 5 cases of device thrombosis (2%). Conclusion In conclusion, the combined procedures of catheter ablation for AF and LAA occlusion with the Watchman device appears to be safe and feasible. Further data are needed on long-term outcomes of arrhythmia recurrence, bleeding, and thromboembolic events to determine which patients might benefit most from the hybrid approach.

Interactions among the components of artificial biomass during their anaerobic digestion with and without sewage sludge

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of artificial biomass (composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) with or without sludge was conducted, focusing on the interaction among the components of biomass and sludge. The results showed that lignin inhibited the anaerobic degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and sludge, the interaction between cellulose, hemicellulose, and sludge promoted the formation of methane. As for AD of artificial biomass, the cumulative methane yield (CMY) from co-digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose was 299.85 mL/g VSadded, with the highest synergistic index of 1.36 among runs of AD of two-component-mixture artificial biomass. The bacterial community was rich in Lachnospiraceae for co-digestion of cellulose with hemicellulose, while it was rich in Ruminococcacea and Clostridiaceae for mono-digestion of cellulose, hemicellulose respectively. As for AD of artificial biomass with sludge, synergistic effect on CMY was observed in most runs. The dominant VFA was changed to acetic acid at the early stage of the AD process at the presence of sludge. The diversity and evenness of the bacterial community were greatly improved with the addition of sludge, enlarging the amount of methanogenic Methanobrevibacter for promoting CMY. The digestion performance and methane production were improved as the F/B ratio was decreased with addition of sludge.

Effect of Intermetallics and Drill Materials on the Machinability of Al-Si Cast Alloys.

The present study was conducted on the machinability of 396 alloy (containing approximately 11% Si) and B319.2 alloy mainly to emphasize the effects of Fe-intermetallics, i.e., α-Fe, β-Fe, and sludge. The results demonstrate that the presence of sludge in the form of hard spots has a significant effect on cutting forces and tool life, in that it decreases drill life by 50% compared to the base alloy. The formation of the α-Fe phase in the M1 base alloy has a beneficial effect on tool life in that this alloy produces the highest number of holes drilled compared to alloys containing sludge or β-Fe; this result may be explained by the fact that the formation of the α-Fe intermetallic, with its rounded Chinese script morphology and its presence within α-Al dendrites, is expected to improve matrix homogeneity via hardening of the soft α-Al dendrites. Increasing the Fe-content from 0.5% to 1% in the 396-T6 alloy containing 0.5% Mn produces a distinct improvement in alloy machinability in terms of cutting force and tool life. The addition of Fe and/or Mn appears to have no discernible effect on the build-up edge area (BUE) and chip shape.

Evaluation of industrial shaping processes and firing cycles for the encapsulation of galvanic sludge in ceramics

This study aimed to scale the process of encapsulation in clay of the heavy metals Ni, Cr, and Cu, traditionally carried out at the laboratory level, up to industrial conditions. For this purpose, sludge from the galvanic industry, considered highly polluting, was mixed with the clay used to make traditional ceramics. The sludge concentrations were 2%, 5%, and 8% by weight. Two shaping processes traditionally used in the ceramic industry were used: extrusion and dry pressing, and the sintering was carried out in industrial gas kilns at 2 firing cycles: fast, lasting 34min in a roller gas kiln, and slow, lasting 42h in a tunnel gas kiln. The specimens thus obtained were characterized in terms of mechanical and esthetic properties. In the first case, the following characteristics were evaluated: flexural strength at three points, shrinkage, calcination losses, and water absorption. In the second, the color change obtained in the finished product generated by the presence of sludge was evaluated. Additionally, by means of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) method, the impact that the finished product would have on the environment by leaching was determined. The results showed that the two processes of forming and sintering are viable for the treatment of galvanic sludge contaminant.

Prognosis and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Emergent Cerclage: A Japanese Single-Center Study.

Objectives The aims of this study were to clarify the following: (1) how often does prolonged pregnancy ≥34 weeks occur in patients with emergent cerclage without progesterone and (2) the risk factors preventing such pregnancy continuation. Materials and Methods This retrospective observational study was performed using medical records of patients for whom emergent cerclage had been performed between April 2006 and December 2018 in our institute. Results Emergent cerclage was performed in 123 patients (median age: 34, interquartile range: 31–36). Primiparous patients numbered 44 (36%). A history of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) was present in 30 (24%). The median presurgical cervical length (CL) was 16 (8–21) mm at surgery. Of the 123, 20 (16%) were delivered at 33 + 6 weeks or less (<34 weeks). We conducted logistic regression analysis of the risk factors of SPTBs <34 weeks after cerclage. Three risk factors were identified that increased the risk of SPTB <34 weeks: presurgical CL 0 mm (odds ratio (OR): 5.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58–17.7), a history of SPTB (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.38–15.7), and the presence of sludge (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 1.20–14.3). Conclusion Three risk factors predicted SPTB <34 weeks after emergency cerclage without progesterone administration: unmeasurable CL (CL 0 mm), a history of SPTB, and the presence of sludge on ultrasound. SPTB <34 weeks occurred after emergency cerclage in 16% of patients, being comparable with the recent data with progesterone.

Does amniotic fluid sludge result in preterm labor in pregnancies after assisted reproduction technology? A nested Case - Control study

Objective to investigate the relationship between the Amniotic fluid Sludge exposure during pregnancy and the Preterm Labor (PTL) in pregnant women who had undergone Assisted Reproductive Technology procedures (ART) in Royan institute. Materials and methods It was a nested case–control study that was conducted on 110 eligible pregnant women who had undergone IVF procedure in Royan institute, Tehran, Iran. The final sample size was 63 subjects with Amniotic fluid Sludge and 67 subjects with normal Amniotic fluid. Delivery before 37 of gestation was considered as PTL. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Royan institute and the written consent form was filled by participants. Data was entered to the SPSS (version 21, SPSS, Inc.). The baseline characteristics of the participants were described as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies for the covariates. Man Whitney and T-Test were used to compare the mean of covariates and the P-value lower than 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of the PTL was compared between two groups. Results The mean Gestational Age at delivery in case and control group were 36.46 ± 3.45 and 38.03 ± 1.61, respectively which was significant (p = .01). The prevalence of PTL in case and control group were 23.8% and 10.4% respectively which was significant (p = .04). The percentage of cases with cervical length less than 30 (mm) in case and control group were 28.6% and 10.4%, respectively (p = .008) and the percentage of cerclage in case and control group were 33.3% and 7.5% respectively, (p = .00) which were significant statistically. Conclusion The amniotic fluid sludge has a direct effect on the cervical length of pregnancies after ART. In such cases, PTB will be probable in the presence of sludge in spite of preventive treatments such as cerclage.

Physical and mechanical properties of clay sludge brick

There are approximately 450 water treatment plants in Malaysia which produce potable water to consumers. During coagulation process, huge volume of sludge was produced particularly when turbid water was treated. The main objective of this work is to study the physical and mechanical properties of clay sludge brick. In this research, the sludge from the water treatment plant was used as clay replacement material in brick production. Several design mixtures of sludge and clay with different moisture content were used to prepare the brick. These bricks were fired at two different temperature (500°C and 900°C) before being tested for its physical and mechanical properties. Result shows that the presence of sludge in brick would increase the water absorption capacity of the brick. The water absorption was increased from 5.5% to 51% when the 60% (w/w) of sludge was incorporated into the mix. In term of burning temperature, higher temperature would improve the physical and mechanical properties of the brick. Based on the results, sludge from the water treatment plant shows huge potential as clay replacement in brick making process. Recycling the sludge from water treatment plants could solve the sludge disposal problem face by most of the plant operators.

Magnetic Imaging of Sludge Outside Steam Generator Tube With Array Magnetoresistance Sensors

The water impurities and corrosion products of the nuclear power plant structure form sludge outside the steam generator tube (SGT), which decreases the energy exchange efficiency resulting in tremendous economic loss and may lead to serious defects posing a threat to the safe operation. Thus, it is critical to efficiently inspect the deposition of sludge outside SGT. This work reveals that the sludge sample of a nuclear power plant has little conductivity and relative permeability about 2.88. Based on the electromagnetic properties of the sludge, we proposed a novel probe with array tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors for inspection of magnetic field disturbed by the presence of sludge outside the SGT. The principle of the method and the parameters of the probe were studied using a 3D finite element method (FEM) model. It is seen that the signal amplitude of the offset sensor configuration is stronger than that of the probe with non-offset sensor setup and the offset design avoids the disadvantage of non-sensitive to symmetry sludge. Further, it is observed that the sludge inspection performance is better at a lower excitation frequency, i.e. 1 kHz. The TMR sensors provide superior image quality at the low excitation frequency. A prototype probe is manufactured and tested. Sludge samples prepared according to the realistic fouling scenarios in steam generator were tested by the probe. The experimental results validate the feasibility of the probe and demonstrate the advantage of enhancing signal to noise ratio (SNR) of imaging by suppressing the background signal of tube support plate structure under the low excitation frequency.

Understanding hydration heat of mortars containing supplementary cementitious materials with potential to immobilize heavy metal containing waste

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been widely used not only in civil engineering concrete components, but also in (nuclear) waste treatment engineering because of their beneficial effects on microstructure, engineering properties and durability of concrete. A comprehensive experimental campaign has been undertaken to investigate the effects of SCMs, which includes silica fume (SF) and blast furnace slag (BFS) in combination with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) on the behaviour of hydration heat evolution during early ages of mortars. The samples with different water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.5, 0.7, 0.9) and replacement ratios of SF (10%, 20%, 30%) and BFS (30%, 50%, 70%) were subjected to isothermal calorimetry tests at various temperatures (20, 30, 40 and 50 °C) in order to assess the effects of SCMs on the rate of hydration heat, cumulative heat release, activation energy and setting times of blended mortars. Knowledge obtained from these blended systems was then applied for cementation of a heavy metal containing waste sludge simulant, where the potential for thermal cracking and delayed ettringite formation due to hydration heat generation is of great concern. Results show that both BFS and SF increase the hydration rate but reduce cumulative heat release compared to pure OPC mortar. The ternary system (OPC:BFS:SF) exhibits different hydration characteristics compared to the binary system (OPC:BFS(or SF)) and there is a slight interaction between BFS and SF. The presence of sludge in the matrix significantly accelerates the hydration process and reduces the apparent activation energy. The role of temperature is more important for mortars containing BFS rather than SF, and less pronounced for the system containing sludge. Estimating the setting times based on the isothermal calorimetry data is more accurate for the final setting time rather than for initial setting time and an overestimation of 10% might occur or even more for the system containing sludge, which is still acceptable taking into account the measurement uncertainty.

Production of enzymes from pineapple crown and coffee husk by solid state fermentation

Agricultural waste had long become an environmental issue since there is no appropriate method for handling these residues. However, most of these wastes are used as animal feed or burned as an alternative for elimination in which it can cause air pollution. The main objective of this study is to produce enzymes from agriculture waste from pineapple plantation (pineapple crown) with coffee husk as co-substrate using solid state fermentation (SSF). The physicochemical properties (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur) of pineapple crown were characterized. During the SSF, the influence of three parameters that were co-substrate ratio, extraction ratio and incubation period were studied for the production of cellulase and bromelain enzymes. Titrimetric Method Assay and Filter Paper Unit Assay were used for the determination of bromelain and cellulase activity, respectively. Pineapple crown contained 39.50% carbon, 5.51% hydrogen, 13.82% nitrogen and 0.46% sulphur. These results proved that the effectiveness of pineapple crown as a substrate in solid state fermentation for production of the enzymes as it contains high C:N ratio (2.86). The optimum result for bromelain and cellulase activity were achieved when using co-substrate ratio 2:1 (w/w) with the presence of sludge, extraction ratio 1:5 (w/v) and incubation period of 4 days which are 1589 ± 9.89GDU/g and 5.5851 ± 0.64 IU/mL respectively. Therefore, the production of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulase and bromelain) from pineapple crown can be accomplished by SSF, thus decreasing the operating cost.

PURIFICATION OF SEWAGES GALVANIC PRODUCTIONS: ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

There is an urgent need for copper in Ukraine, which is used in various industries: electrical engineering,mechanical engineering, construction, food and chemical industries. Meanwhile, there is insufficient exploration ofcopper ores in Ukraine. At the same time, galvanic and PCB manufacturing are sources of environmental hazard.The object of the study is the process of using copper from sewage production boards and electroplating processes.The purpose of the work is environmental and economic justification for the removal of copper from wastewater forits further use. The aspects of mining (copper) in a mine and open method are described. The data on exploredreserves of copper ores in Ukraine and real needs for copper for the successful operation of industrial enterprisesare presented. The condition with the presence of sludge during the work of the etching lines of the printed circuitboards during normal operation at full capacity is considered, and it is established that for the productivity of theetching line 14 m2 / h the amount of sludges per month of work in one shift will be about 2400-2500 kg. This leadsto the accumulation of significant amounts of hazardous waste on the territories of enterprises, which causeenvironmental damage. In order to avoid the accumulation of sludge on the territory of the enterprises it is proposedto use the technology of regeneration of waste digestion solutions, in which the recovered metal is used as secondaryraw material for copper production, and the recovered solution is reused for etching of printed circuit boards. Thescheme of the line of etching of printed circuit boards with a lead for regeneration is offered. The introduction of anew wastewater treatment technology with only one plant can bring more than 2.8 million UAH of economic effect.The total sludge hazard index for the current state of sludge storage in the territory of enterprises (0.045) and afterthe implementation of wastewater recovery (100) has been determined.

Comparative study on the accelerated thermal aging behavior between palm and rapeseed natural ester oils

The suitability of natural ester oils as an insulating medium in power transformers is discussed in this paper. Owing to environmental concerns, natural ester oils have great potential as mineral oil substitutes in power transformers. In this paper, the aging behaviors of palm and rapeseed natural ester oils were compared with that for mineral oil. The performance of these natural ester oils was assessed based on their properties (moisture content, acidity, and relative content of dissolved decay products) after accelerated thermal aging. The results showed that the palm oil has better performance compared to the rapeseed oil after accelerated thermal aging for 1500 h because of its lower acidity. This was further supported by the presence of sludge in the rapeseed oil after 1500 h of aging.

Beyond Cervical Length: Association between Postcerclage Transvaginal Ultrasound Parameters and Preterm Birth.

To assess the value of transvaginal ultrasound parameters after cerclage placement in estimating the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. This is a retrospective cohort at a single tertiary care center from 2013 to 2016. Women carrying a singleton, nonanomalous fetus with cerclage in situ and at least one postcerclage transvaginal ultrasound from 160/7 to 256/7 weeks' gestation were included. In addition to abstracting maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics, two study investigators separately reviewed each of the images from the first transvaginal ultrasound after cerclage placement, masked to pregnancy outcomes. We measured the angle between the anterior uterine wall and cervical canal at the internal os and external os, closed canal length above and below the stitch, width of the anterior and posterior cervix at the level of the cerclage, and stitch distance from the cervical canal. The presence of additional ultrasound findings such as sludge and cervical funneling was also noted. The main outcomes were preterm birth < 34 weeks and preterm birth < 37 weeks. Transvaginal ultrasound parameters were compared between women with preterm birth and those without preterm birth using chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests, as appropriate. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risk of preterm birth for all significant obstetric and ultrasound characteristics. A total of 102 women met inclusion criteria: 58% had history-indicated, 20% ultrasound-indicated, and 23% exam-indicated cerclages. Of these, 28 (27.5%) women delivered at < 34 weeks' gestation, and 48 (47.0%) women delivered at < 37 weeks' gestation. Preterm birth did not vary by race, maternal age, insurance, smoking, or gestational age of the earliest prior preterm birth (for multiparous women), but women who had preterm birth were more likely to have exam-indicated cerclage. There were several transvaginal ultrasound parameters associated with preterm birth < 34 weeks and preterm birth < 37 weeks. Of these, cervical length below the stitch, stitch distance from the cervical canal, straight cervical canal, funneling to or past the stitch, and presence of sludge had the greatest effect sizes. Rates of preterm birth are high postcerclage. In addition to measuring cervical length, utilization of postcerclage transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the location of the cerclage within the cervix, the curvature of the cervical canal, and the presence of funneling and sludge may help identify women who are at the highest risk for preterm birth.

Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol degradation in zero valent iron coupled anaerobic system: Performances and mechanisms

Pesticide contaminants, such as chlorpyrifos (CP) and its more toxic metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in farmland drainage have attracted extensive concerns around the world, and are in urgent need of treatment. In this work, three groups of anaerobic reactors packed with zero valent iron (mono-ZVI system), ZVI coupled with anaerobic sludge (coupled system) and anaerobic sludge (mono-cell system) were continuously operated to investigate their performances on CP, TCP and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, as well as the reaction mechanisms of ZVI coupling with anaerobic microorganisms. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of CP and COD in coupled system were both around 95%. The corresponding results were 80% and 82% in mono-cell system, and the unstable values in mono-ZVI system were around 86% and 70%. The TCP residual concentration was the lowest in coupled system. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and the photo images of ZVI at the end of reaction implied that the presence of sludge and the interaction between microorganisms and ZVI protected iron shavings from excessive corrosion. Moreover, the addition of ZVI promoted the electron transfer in the anaerobic system, which was proved by the higher value of electron transport system (ETS) activity and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) content of sludge with 250 mg (g h)−1 and 20.71 nmol L−1 in coupled system, compared to 200 mg (g h)−1 and 17.56 nmol L−1 in mono-cell system. The improvement of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and anaerobic sludge granulation in the coupled system were on account of the existence of ZVI. It was obvious that the key enzymes and microbial species functioned in COD, CP and TCP degradation were enriched in coupled system.

Predictors of Cervical Cerclage Success in the Prevention of Spontaneous Preterm Birth [13L

INTRODUCTION: Cerclage is one of the interventions to prevent spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). This study aimed to identify predictive factors of cerclage success in preventing sPTB. METHODS: Retrospective study of singleton pregnancy at high risk of sPTB in University of Illinois at Chicago between 2013 and 2017. Baseline characteristics, duration of pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and other predictive factors were analyzed using χ2, student t test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 310 women identified, 90 (29%) had rescue cerclage, and 65 (21%) had prophylactic cerclage. Most statistically significant predictors of sPTB of rescue cerclage were insertions at 17–20 weeks, aOR 2.26 (95% CI: 1.47–3.50, P&lt;.0001), and at 21–22 weeks, aOR 1.81 (95% CI: 1.15–2.87, P&lt;.0001). Cerclages placed at CL &lt;10 mm was associated with increased likelihood of sPTB, aOR 1.60 (95% CI: 1.10–2.34, P&lt;.0001). Cervical length at 21–25 mm and cerclage at GA &lt;16 weeks were associated with decreased rate of sPTB, aOR 0.40 (95% CI: 0.26–0.61, P&lt;.0001), and aOR 0.26 (95% CI: 0.16–0.40, P&lt;.0001). Except for indomethacin in prophylactic cerclage, cervical dilatation, funneling, presence of sludge, prior sPTB, vaginal infections and use of 17-OHPC, these were not statistically significant in preventing sPTB. CONCLUSION: The success of cerclage in the prevention of sPTB depends on several factors. The most predictive factors were the degree of short cervix and earlier GA at cerclage placement.

POTENCIAL DE CONTAMINAÇÃO DO SOLO APÓS PROCESSO DE COMPOSTAGEM EM PÁTIO NÃO IMPERMEABILIZADO

Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a lixiviação no perfil do solo a 0,20 e 0,50 m de profundidade de elementos químicos (nitrato, sódio, potássio e fósforo) contidos no percolado das leiras de compostagem de resíduos proveniente de restaurante universitário. O estudo foi conduzido nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA). A montagem das pilhas de compostagem, foram com base na relação C/N dos materiais (resíduos resultantes das refeições do restaurante universitário da UFLA, lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto, serragem/maravalha e capim-colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq cv Colonião). Foram realizados quatro tratamentos: T1 (capim + Resíduo do RU + água); T2 (capim + Resíduo do RU + Lodo + água); T3 (Serragem/maravalha + Resíduo do RU + água) e T4 (Serragem/maravalha + Resíduo do RU + Lodo + água). Após 120 dias, ocorreu aumento das concentrações de sódio no solo sob os tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4 devido à presença do resíduo do RU em todas as pilhas. As concentrações de potássio obtiveram maiores valores em T1 e T2 a 0,20 m, devido a presença do capim. Não se observou aumento de nitrato a 0,20 m, após 120 dias. No entanto em T2 e T4, foram observados elevados valores a 0,50 m, devido a presença do lodo na composição dos tratamentos. Devido à lixiviação de nitrato para camadas mais profundas, faz-se necessária a impermeabilização do solo, afim de evitar a contaminação do lençol freático.

EP18.02: The association between elastogram of the cervix and preterm delivery among parturients at risk for preterm delivery: a prospective study

Despite efforts to reduce preterm delivery, it is still the primary cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Elastogram is a non-invasive sonographic measurement of the elasticity of the cervical tissue. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation of elastography of the cervix with delivery before 37 weeks (PTD). This was a prospective study of women presenting to Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Bikur Cholim branch, from 2014-2016. Women were included with a singleton pregnancy from 24-34 wks, who were deemed at high risk for PTD based on symptoms of premature contractions or a history of previous PTD. The ultrasound examination was done using a mid-sagittal transvaginal view of the cervix, without applying pressure. Elastogram of the internal os was measured along with cervical length and presence of sludge or funnelling. Elastogram was graded according to colour intensity into high risk (level 3-4) or low risk (level 1-2). The correlation between sonographic cervical factors and PTD were calculated using Pearson chi square test, as well as a multifactorial regression analysis to exclude confounding factors. The study included 127 women. PTD occurred in 15 cases (11.8%). A statistically significant correlation was found between PTD with elastogram of the cervix and funnelling. Women in the high risk group had a PTD risk of 3.2x (23% vs 7%, p=0.037). Women with cervical funnelling delivered early in 55% of cases versus 9.7% (p=0.003). In women at high risk for PTD, positive elastogram of the internal os of the cervix (level 3-4) was found to correlate to birth before 37 weeks.

Feasibility of using a microalgal-bacterial consortium for treatment of toxic coke wastewater with concomitant production of microbial lipids

This study examined the feasibility of using an algal-bacterial process for removal of phenol and NH4+-N from differently diluted coke wastewater with simultaneous production of biomass. Under illumination, microalgal-bacterial (MSB) cultures performed complete phenol degradation at all dilutions of coke wastewater while sole microalgal culture (MSA) degraded a maximum of 27.3% of phenol (initial concentration: 24.0mgL−1) from 5-fold diluted wastewater. Furthermore, the MSB culture had the highest rate of NH4+-N removal (8.3mgL−1d−1) and fatty acid production (20mgL−1d−1) which were 2.3- and 1.5-fold higher than those observed in the MSA cultures, probably due to decreases in toxic organic pollutants. Multivariate analyses indicated that co-cultivation of activated sludge was directly correlated with the elevated removals of phenol and NH4+-N. In the presence of sludge, adequate dilution of the coke wastewater can maximize the effect of bacteria on NH4+-N removal and biomass production.

Some results of technical and technological analysis of late bronze age ceramics of the Southern Urals tribes exemplified by the materials of Kazburun archaeological microdistrict (Republic of Bashkortostan)

This article discusses the use of traditional methods within the A.A. Bobrinsky historical-cultural approach to pottery analysis that allow us to consider each vessel as a source of information of the design and starting of the hollow body of the vessel. Thus, a more or less whole vessel may render information about a particular container design pattern or the skills of a particular potter group. This approach to ceramics allows you to study the cultural traditions in the manufacture of ceramics and, accordingly, closed family groups which have produced, and on the basis of radiocarbon dating to determine the time of its manufacture: Usmanovo I III settlements (1930 1750 BC Beta Analytic) and Kazburun I barrows (AMS 1820 1795 BC Beta Analytic). However, ceramic archaeological complex Kazburun neighborhood has become one of the important factors in identifying cultural transformations and cultural interactions in the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Urals. Experimental methods of historical-cultural approach A.A. Bobrinsky to reconstruct the pottery of the late Bronze Age, the Southern Urals. Methods of technical and technological analysis of pottery made it possible to reconstruct not only the pottery tradition of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals, but also allowed a glimpse into the past of the studied population. As a new method of ceramic petrographic study research method was applied, which revealed the inclusion of various minerals in the blood vessels dough, to determine the temperature and the intensity of the burning, and to prove the presence of sludge in ceramic test. Further application of this method will allow in the future to determine the locations of ancient Clay and ceramic technology to reconstruct the Late Bronze Age of the Bashkir Transurals.