Presence Of Second Harmonic Generation Research Articles

Development and Evaluation of an Efficient Second Order Non-Linear Optical Single Crystal – 2-(3-Aminopyridinium-1-yl)-3-Carboxy-Proponate Monohydrate

A slow evaporation solution approach was used to create high-quality single crystals of 2-(3-aminopyridinium-1-yl)-3-carboxyproponate monohydrate (3ACPM). The single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal system and lattice characteristics. Software called Krystal Shaper was used to mimic the morphology of the 3ACPM. To evaluate the optical transmittance, UV-vis spectral analysis was used. The Nd:YAG laser was used to assess the laser-induced surface damage threshold (LISDT) of 3ACPM single crystal. The presence of second harmonic generation (SHG) was evaluated using the Kurtz-Perry powder method. Full Text: PDF References Y. Zhang, H. Li, B. Xi, Y. Che,vJ. Zheng, "Growth and characterization of l-histidine nitrate single crystal, a promising semiorganic NLO material", Mater. Chem. Phys. 108, 192 (2008), CrossRef S. Draguta, M.S. Fonari, A.E. Masunov, J. Zazueta, S. Sullivan, M.Y. Antipin, T.V. Timofeeva, "New acentric materials constructed from aminopyridines and 4-nitrophenol", Cryst. Eng. Comm. 15, 4700 (2013) CrossRef G. Peramaiyan, R. Mohan Kumar, "Nonlinear optical and laser damage threshold studies of an ammonium p-toluenesulfonate crystal", Appl. Phys. A 119, 707 (2015), CrossRef G.M. Corrales, D. Morales-Morales,S. Hernandez-Ortega, J.J. Campos-Gaxiolaa, A. Cruz Enrıquez, "2-(3-Aminopyridinium-1-yl)-3-carboxypropanoate monohydrate", Acta Cryst. E68, o853 (2012), CrossRef S.K. Kurtz, T.T. Perry, "A Powder Technique for the Evaluation of Nonlinear Optical Materials", J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3798 (1968), CrossRef S. Panchapakesan, K. Subramani, B.Srinivasan, "Growth, characterization and quantum chemical studies of an organic single crystal: 3-Aminopyridine 4-Nitrophenol for opto-electronic applications", J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 28, 5754 (2017), CrossRef

Growth and characterization of L-tyrosine magnesium chloride single crystal: A promising NLO crystal

New single Crystal of L-Tyrosine Magnesium Chloride (LTMC) was grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation solution technique (SEST). The grown crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction study which confirms that the grown crystal is orthorhombic system with the space group Pmn21. The grown crystals were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis to find the different modes of vibration due to various functional groups present in LTMC. The transmission spectrum of LTMC was recorded by UV–Vis spectrometer in the range between 200 nm and 800 nm which addressed the grown crystal has good optical transparency in the entire visible region and its energy band gap was determined. The thermal stability of the crystal was determined from thermo gravimetric and differential thermo analysis (TG-DTA) curve. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss has been studied as a function of frequency for various temperatures and the results were discussed in details. The frequency dependence of AC/DC conductivity studies for different temperature was carried out. The photoconductive behavior of the material is also investigated and the grown crystal has positive photoconductive nature. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was estimated by using Vicker’s hardness test. The presence of second harmonic generation (SHG) for the grown crystal was confirmed by Kurtz Perry powder technique. All these studies indicate that the LTMC crystal can be considered as a potential candidate for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

Synthesis of a metal coordinated amino acid based nonlinear single crystal, Bis(l-threonine)zinc(II) using the solution growth technique and its physicochemical properties

In this study, novel nonlinear semi-organic optical crystals of bis(l-threonine)zinc(II) (BLTZ) were synthesized successfully using the traditional slow evaporation solution growth technique at room temperature with water as the solvent. The formation of a new crystalline structure was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, where this single crystal analysis demonstrated that the crystal belonged to the orthorhombic system with non-centrosymmetric space group C2221. Various functional groups present in the crystal were validated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The transmission spectrum indicated the good transparency in the entire ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) region and the lower cut-off wavelength was determined as 236 nm. Other optical constants comprising the extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity, and electric susceptibility as well as the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant were also obtained using the transmittance data. The fluorescence spectrum indicated red emission. The presence of second harmonic generation was confirmed using the Kurtz and Perry powder method. The laser damage threshold for the crystal was determined as 10.23 GW/cm2. Dielectric studies were conducted as a function of the frequency and the results divulged the electrical properties of the crystal. The hardness of the crystal was investigated using the Vickers microhardness test and the work hardening coefficient was calculated. The results clearly demonstrated that the BLTZ crystal is an efficient new candidate for utilization in the fabrication of nonlinear optical devices.

Growth and characterization of urea ammonium bromide nonlinear optical single crystals by slow evaporation technique

Semi-organic nonlinear optical urea ammonium bromide (UAB) crystal has been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of functional groups was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The thermal and microhardness studies indicate that the material possess optimum thermal and mechanical stability. Optical absorption studies show low absorption in the entire visible region and UV cut-off is found to be at 240nm. The presence of second harmonic generation (SHG) for the grown crystal was confirmed by Kurtz powder technique.

P.3.d.046 Lurasidone for the treatment of schizophrenia: pooled analysis of short-term, placebo-controlled trials

l-arginine semi-oxalate single crystals have been synthesized by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses has been made to confirm the triclinic structure with non-centrosymmetric space group P1. The presence of functional groups of l-arginine semi-oxalate crystals was identified and confirmed by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Molecular structure of the grown crystal was analyzed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies. Optical absorption studies carried out in wavelength range from 250 nm to 1200 nm have revealed that the material is completely transparent for the entire wavelength range studied. Thermal characterization using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry studies show that the crystal is thermally stable up to 146 °C. The presence of second harmonic generation of the grown crystal was tested and its efficiency was determined by using Kurtz and Perry powder technique.

Synthesis and characterization of nonlinear optical l-arginine semi-oxalate single crystal

l-arginine semi-oxalate single crystals have been synthesized by slow evaporation method at room temperature. Single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses has been made to confirm the triclinic structure with non-centrosymmetric space group P1. The presence of functional groups of l-arginine semi-oxalate crystals was identified and confirmed by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Molecular structure of the grown crystal was analyzed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies. Optical absorption studies carried out in wavelength range from 250nm to 1200nm have revealed that the material is completely transparent for the entire wavelength range studied. Thermal characterization using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry studies show that the crystal is thermally stable up to 146°C. The presence of second harmonic generation of the grown crystal was tested and its efficiency was determined by using Kurtz and Perry powder technique.

Growth of N-Glycyl-l-Valine (GV) single crystal and its spectral, thermal and optical characterization

A nonlinear optical crystal of N-Glycyl-l-Valine (GV) single crystals was grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique from an aqueous solution. The unit cell parameters and the crystal structure were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral studies were carried out to identify the functional groups of the grown crystals. The ultraviolet visible near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrum was recorded to study the optical transparency of the grown crystal. The thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DTA) analyses revealed the thermal stability of the sample. The presence of second harmonic generation (SHG) for the grown crystal was confirmed by Kurtz–Perry powder technique.

Harmonic optical microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging platform for multimodal imaging

In this work, we proposed and built a multimodal optical setup that extends a commercially available confocal microscope (Olympus VF300) to include nonlinear second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) optical (NLO) microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). We explored all the flexibility offered by this commercial confocal microscope to include the nonlinear microscopy capabilities. The setup allows image acquisition with confocal, brightfield, NLO/multiphoton and FLIM imaging. Simultaneously, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and SHG are well established in the biomedical imaging area, because one can use the same ultrafast laser and detectors set to acquire both signals simultaneously. Because the integration with FLIM requires a separated modulus, there are fewer reports of TPEF+SHG+FLIM in the literature. The lack of reports of a TPEF+SHG+THG+FLIM system is mainly due to difficulties with THG because the present NLO laser sources generate THG in an UV wavelength range incompatible with microscope optics. In this article, we report the development of an easy-to-operate platform capable to perform two-photon fluorescence (TPFE), SHG, THG, and FLIM using a single 80 MHz femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser source. We described the modifications over the confocal system necessary to implement this integration and verified the presence of SHG and THG signals by several physical evidences. Finally, we demonstrated the use of this integrated system by acquiring images of vegetables and epithelial cancer biological samples.

Synthesis, growth and characterization of nonlinear optical urea–ammonium chloride crystals

Semi-organic nonlinear optical urea–ammonium chloride (UAC) crystals have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The lattice parameters of the grown crystals were determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The presence of functional groups was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The thermal analysis studies indicate that the material possess optimum thermal stability. Optical absorption studies show low absorption in the entire visible region and UV cut – off is found to be at 240 nm. The presence of second harmonic generation (SHG) for the grown crystal was confirmed by Kurtz powder technique.

Wigner functions for time-dependent coupled linear oscillators via linear and quadratic invariant processes

At exact resonance we derive the linear and quadratic invariants for time-dependent coupled linear oscillators in the presence of second harmonic generation. Employing these invariants we introduce an accurate definition of the Dirac operators from which the wavefunctions in both coherent and Fock (number) states representations are calculated. We also derive the W-Wigner function of an arbitrary state at time t, evolving in the system under consideration. Moreover we calculate the correlation coefficient between position and momentum and we find that it is identical in both fields whatever the state used.

Effect of second harmonic generation of idler wave on difference frequency generation

The effect of second harmonic generation of idler wave on the process of difference frequency generation is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that, in general, the presence of second harmonic generation has a favorable influence on the evolution of the difference frequency wave. When the two processes are exactly phase matched, the usual oscillations in the variation of generated wave intensity with the interaction length are almost completely eliminated while retaining nearly complete conversion.