Presence Of Organic Sulfur Compounds Research Articles

Formation of organic sulfur compounds through SO<sub>2</sub>-initiated photochemistry of PAHs and dimethylsulfoxide at the air-water interface

Abstract. The presence of organic sulfur compounds (OS) at the water surface acting as organic surfactants, may influence the air-water interaction and contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere. However, the impact of ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutant emissions, such as SO2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the formation of OS at the air-water interface still remains unknown. Here, we observe large amounts of OS formation in the presence of SO2, upon irradiation of aqueous solutions containing typical PAHs, such as pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLA), and phenanthrene (PHE) as well as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We observe rapid formation of several gaseous OSs from light-induced heterogeneous reactions of SO2 with either DMSO or a mixture of PAHs and DMSO (PAHs/DMSO), and some of these OSs (e.g. methanesulfonic acid) are well established secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. A myriad of OSs and unsaturated compounds are produced and detected in the aqueous phase. The tentative reaction pathways are supported by theoretical calculations of the Gibbs energy of reactions. Our findings provide new insights into potential sources and formation pathways of OSs occurring at the water (sea, lake, river) surface, that should be considered in future model studies for a better representation of the air-water interaction and SOA formation processes.

Biomaterial (Garlic and Chitosan)-Doped WO3-TiO2 Hybrid Nanocomposites: Their Solar Light Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities.

In this work, WO3-TiO2, chitosan-blended WO3-TiO2, and garlic-loaded WO3-TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by the sol–gel and precipitation technique. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, UV-DRS, FT-IR, and TG-DTA analysis. The photocatalytic efficiency of the three synthesized nanocomposites on the degradation of dyes such as rhodamine B (Rh-B), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) as organic pollutants was evaluated under solar light irradiation. The results show that garlic-loaded WO3-TiO2 nanocomposites act as an excellent photocatalyst than chitosan-blended WO3-TiO2 and WO3-TiO2 nanocomposites. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was examined against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by the well diffusion method. Garlic-loaded WO3-doped TiO2 nanocomposites have demonstrated good antibacterial activity over chitosan-blended WO3-TiO2 nanocomposites and WO3-TiO2 nanocomposites. The possible reason may be the presence of organic sulfur compounds in garlic.

Volatile Glucosinolate Degradation Products of Brassica Napus and Sinapis Alba Seeds

Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L. are two cruciferous species for which some medicinal uses are mentioned in the Iranian, Indian and Chinese traditional medicine. Seed oil of B. napus has cathartic action, and is either used as such or after partial hydrogenation for cooking, shortening or as margarines. Sees of S. alba have also cathartic action and some other medicinal uses but, because of the recent reports of anticancer or cancer preventative compounds in the cruciferae family, there is more interest in the nutritional value of crucifers. The anticancer activity of these plants is attributed to the presence of organic sulfur compounds namely the glucosinolates. These glucosides were identified through their volatile degradation products (i.e the aglucones), which are liberated after hydrolysis, using gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Other volatile constituents, including some hydrocarbons and fatty acids were identified as well.

Gas chromatographic and capillary gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) in sediment from ports: Significance of these compounds as an oil pollution index

Oil pollution arises in waters near petroleum industrial districts. In oily odor fish caught in the coast near petroleum industries, toluene, other aromatic hydrocarbons and olefinic hydrocarbons have been detected. The authors also reported the presence of organic sulfur compounds (OSCs), probably originating from polluting oil, in fish caught in the Seto Inland Sea after an accidental oil spilling from a tank. In a previous study, the authors detected OSCs in the oyster and mussel caught in the Seto Inland Sea. However, the presence of OSCs and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sea sediments has not been described. In the present report, OSCs and PAHs in the sea sediments collected in several ports facing Seto Inland Sea were analyzed by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system.

Organic sulfur compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons transferred to oyster and mussel from petroleum suspension: Identification by gas chromatography and capillary mass chromatography

An attempt was made to determine the organic sulfur compounds usually contained in crude oil as markers of oil pollution in shellfish. The oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) and mussel ( Mytilus edulis) were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment and in water with a suspension of crude oil. Capillary column gas chromatography-mass chromatography of extracts showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl benzothiophene (C 2C 4), dibenzothiophene and alkyl dibenzothiophene (C 1C 4). Coexistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with organic sulfur compounds was found in oyster and mussel. The time courses of concentration ratios of organic sulfur compounds in the oyster and the mussel were determined by gas chromatography connected with flame photometric detector.

Capillary GC/MS determination of organic sulfur compounds detected in oyster and mussel caught in the sea as an oil pollution index.

The organic sulfur compounds usually contained in crude oil were used as a marker of oil pollution in shellfish. The oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) were caught in the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. Capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of extracts showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of dibenzothiophene and alkyl dibenzothiophenes (C1-C3). The concentration factor of organic sulfur compounds in the oyster and mussel was determined by gas chromatography using a flame photometric detector.

Identification of organic sulfur compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons transferred to shellfish from petroleum suspension by capillary mass chromatography

An attempt was made to determine the organic sulfur compounds, usually contained in crude oil, as a marker of oil pollution in shellfish. Short-necked clam ( Tapea Angdala phillipinarum A. et Reeve) were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment and in water with a suspension of crude oil. Capillary column gas chromatography-mass chromatography of short-necked clam extract showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-benzothiophene (from C 1–C 6) and dibenzothiophene and alkyl-dibenzothiophene (C 1–C 4). These organic sulfur compounds are a marker of oil pollution of shellfish. Other organic aromatic compounds, naphthalene, alkyl-naphthalene (C 1–C 3), phenanthrene, alkyl-phenanthrene (C 1–C 3), pyrene and alkyl-pyrene (C 1) in soft body of short-necked clam were transferred from oil suspension to shellfish. The concentration factors of organic sulfur compounds according with lapse of time were determined by gas chromatography with an attached flame ionization detector.

Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry for the identification of organic sulfur compounds in shellfish and fish.

The authors determined that the organic sulfur compounds usually contained in crude oil can be used as a marker of oil pollution in shellfish and fish. Short-necked clams (Tapes Angdala phillipinarum A. et Reeve) and eels were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment in water with suspension of crude oil. Mass spectra and mass chromatograms of short-necked clam extract showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl- (from C1 to C10) benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophene, alkyl- (C1 to C8) dibenzothiophene, naphthalene, and alkyl- (C1 to C6) naphthalene. Alkyl benzothiophenes and alkyl dibenzothiophenes of low carbon numbers were more easily transferred to short-necked clams than those of higher carbon numbers. Capillary column gas chromatography-mass chromatograms of crude oil and extract from the soft body of a short-necked clam showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl benzothiophene (from C2-C6), dibenzothiophene, and alkyl dibenzothiophene (C1-C4). Besides sulfur components, various other compounds were contained in crude oil and short-necked clam, namely alkyl benzene (C3-C9), naphthalene, alkyl naphthalene (C1-C5), phenanthrene, alkyl phenanthrene (C1-C6), n-paraffin (C12-C21), and probably pyrene and alkyl pyrene (C1-C2). Also, mass chromatograms of crude oil and the extract from eel flesh showed the presence of alkyl benzothiophene (C1-C5), dibenzothiophene, naphthalene, and alkyl naphthalene (C1-C5). Data indicated that the organic sulfur compounds and polyaromatic compounds could serve as markers of oil pollution in shellfish and fish. for the identification of sulfur compounds by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, a new intensity matching method was devised.

New epoxidation of olefins with superoxide anion in the presence of organic sulfur compounds

Epoxidation of olefins such as stilbene and chalcone with superoxide anion in the presence of several sulfur compounds was investigated.

Identification of organic sulfur compounds transferred to fish from petroleum suspension by mass chromatography

Authors attempted to select organic sulfur compounds usually contained in crude oil as a marker of oil pollution in fish. For confirming this, eels ( Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel) were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment in water with suspensions of crude oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass chromatography of eel flesh extract showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to pentamethyl) benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophene and alkyl-(from mono- to trimethyl) dibenzothiophene and of other organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to pentamethyl) naphthalene. Alkyl benzothiophenes or alkyl dibenzothiophenes of less carbon numbers were easily transferred to eel than those of more carbon numbers.

Identification of organic sulfur compounds transferred to fish from petroleum suspension.

The authors attempted to determine if the organic sulfur compounds usually contained in a crude oil could serve as a marker of oil pollution in fish. Eels (Anguilla Japonica Temminck et Schlegel) were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment of water with a suspension of crude oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass chromatography of eel flesh extract showed the presence of organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to pentametyl) benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophene and alkyl-(from mono- to trimethyl) dibenzothiophenes, and other organic sulfur compounds of alkyl-(from mono- to pentamethyl) naphthalenes.