Presence Of Oral Mucosal Lesions Research Articles

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in denture wearers with substance abuse in Mangalore taluk population

Progressive loss of tooth caused by old age or certain systemic conditions, lead to oral handicap that often require a prosthetic appliance for restoring function and aesthetics. While these prostheses require good hygiene maintenance, lack of oral health awareness, compromised dexterity and presence of substance abuse could make the dentures harbingers of certain oral mucosal conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of oral mucosal lesions among dental prosthetic wearers and its association with habits of substance abuse. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted?on 1312 subjects aged 18 years and above using?a house-to-house approach to collect information regarding their prosthetic status, duration of prosthesis, usage of tobacco and oral mucosal condition. Results: The results showed a strong co-relation between substance abuse and denture wear with ulcers and denture stomatitis showing the highest prevalence rate amongst the study population. Leukoplakia and Oral Submucosal Fibrosis was seen mostly in non-denture wearers. Summary and Conclusions: According to the results, Denture wearers had a higher tendency of having oral mucosal lesions, most commonly being Ulcers and Denture stomatitis (3.2%). With the exception of leukoplakia that occurred mostly in the non denture wearers. Substsance abuse had a direct co-relation to oral mucosal lesions. Occurrence of ulcers and denture stomatitis followed by candidiasis in smoked tobacco users, while in smokeless tobacco users ulcerative lesions and denture stomatitis followed by Acute Necrotising Denture Stomatitis were most commonly noted. Clinical significance: It is essential to carry out periodic examination of the oral mucosa in denture wearers to establish a preventive protocol to eradicate the pathology caused by the use of dentures and the harmful effects of substance abuse. Key Words: Denture wear, Oral habits, Oral health, Oral mucosal lesions, Substance abuse

Oral findings in patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia - cross-sectional observational study

Background and objectivesCartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare chondrodysplasia with associated primary immunodeficiency. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine oral health indicators in individuals with CHH.MethodsIn total, 23 individuals with CHH, aged between 4.5 and 70 years, and 46 controls aged between 5 and 76 years were clinically examined for periodontal disease, presence of oral mucosal lesions, tooth decay, masticatory system function, and malocclusions. A chairside lateral flow immunoassay test of active-matrix metalloproteinase was obtained from all the adult participants with a permanent dentition. Laboratory signs of immunodeficiency were recorded for individuals with CHH.ResultsIndividuals with CHH and controls had similar prevalence of gingival bleeding on probing (median 6% vs. 4%). Oral fluid active-matrix metalloproteinase concentration was greater than 20 ng/ml in 45% of study subjects in both groups. However, deep periodontal pockets, 4 mm or deeper, were more common in individuals with CHH as compared to the controls (U = 282.5, p = 0.002). Similarly mucosal lesions were significantly more common in individuals with CHH (30% vs. 9%, OR = 0.223, 95%CI 0.057–0.867). The median sum of the number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth was nine for the individuals with CHH and four for controls. In the CHH cohort, 70% displayed an ideal sagittal occlusal relationship. Malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction prevalence were similar in both study groups.ConclusionsIndividuals with CHH have more frequently deep periodontal pockets and oral mucosal lesions than general population controls. Routine intraoral examination by a dentist at regular intervals should be recommended to all individuals with CHH.

Oral lesions during dermatomyositis treatment: A case report

Dermatomyositis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes significant muscle damage. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease commonly requires both therapeutic and dental care. This article describes a clinical case of dermatomyositis where the patient has been receiving therapy since 2018. Stable disease remission was achieved with therapy, with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) indicating an improvement in bone tissue parameters. However, despite this remission, the patient experienced progressive dental manifestations (characteristic complaints, presence of oral mucosal lesions, destruction of jawbone structures). The primary cause of these dental manifestations was not found to be local oral cavity factors, suggesting they were the consequence of both disease pathology and steroid treatment that targeted the oral cavity tissues. The collaboration between an internist and dentist contributed to the early diagnosis and prevention of possible complications associated with this disease.

Presence of oral mucosal lesions associated with tobacco use – among the patients visiting OPD: A prevalence study, at the oxford dental college Bangalore

Background: Use of tobacco in any form smoke or smokeless has been implicated with the development of oral mucosal lesions like Leukoplakia (LE), lichen planus (LP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), smokers palate (SP) and smokers melanosis (SM).Aim: To assess the presence of oral mucosal lesions associated with the use of tobacco.Material and Methods: In this prevalence study 216 patients (200 males and 16 females) with habit of smoking, chewing tobacco in any form and smokeless tobacco users were enrolled and evaluated based on thorough history and soft tissue examination. Patients not willing to participate,those with infections, local trauma /irritation or systemic diseases that causes oral mucosal lesions and alcoholics were excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences [SPSS] for Windows, Version 22.0.Released in 2013. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.Result: Among the 216 participants, 200 (92.6%) were males and 16 (7.4%) were females; with the mean age of 46.03 years. The prevalence of smoking tobacco use was 60.6% and smokeless 39.4%.The most common finding was smoker’s palate (34.7%), tobacco pouch keratosis (25.5%), homogenous leukoplakia (20.8%) and smokers melanosis (14.4%).Conclusion: The study emphasizes the association of harmful effects of tobacco (smoke and smokeless forms) with the development of oral mucosal lesions.

Phenotype of Crohn’s disease according to the Montreal classification in relation to dental health status

Objective The relationship between oral health and Crohn’s disease is uncertain. Previous studies have yielded contradictory results, reflecting perhaps the different phenotypes of the disease. The aim of the present study was to describe and analyse the dental status of a group of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), considering the positions of the inflammatory loci and disease phenotype. Methods In total, 47 patients with Crohn’s disease (18 males and 30 females; mean age. 48.7 years; range, 23–61 years) were consecutively recruited to this study. Interviews and clinical examinations were performed to assess dental status, medication, smoking history, heredity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), duration of disease, oral mucosal manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Furthermore, data on subjective health assessments and family status, along with medical histories from the patients were obtained through questionnaires. The disease phenotypes were assessed and classified according to the Montreal classification. The data on oral health status were first correlated with the Montreal classifications of IBD, and, thereafter, all the collected data were included in a multivariate generalised linear model. Results The dental status of the patients was comparable to that of the Swedish average. No statistically significant associations were found between oral status and the different CD phenotypes. However, within the Montreal classification, there were significantly fewer teeth in those patients with perianal lesions than in those without such lesions, and there was a significant correlation between deeper pocket depth and problems with strictures and penetrations. No significant differences (p = .074) between the patients with CD (N = 47) and controls (N = 38) were found regarding the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Conclusion Dental health may be adversely affected in severe cases of CD whereas most of the remaining patients with CD appear to have a level of dental health that is comparable to that in the general population.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children attending the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Cape Town.

ObjectiveInvestigation of the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study of 66 HIV seropositive children, comprised of 28 (42.4%) females and 38 (57.6%) males (average age of 6 years). Study participants all required data regarding CD4+ T‐helper cell counts and the viral load. All participants underwent an orofacial clinical examination by calibrated clinicians. Associations between the presence of oral mucosal lesions, CD4+ cell counts, and viral load were analyzed using Poisson regression.ResultsThe prevalence of oral manifestations was detected in 21 children (31.8%). Oral lesions were detected in 16 children with viral load copies <50 cells/mm3 and 22 children with CD4+ counts >500 cells/mm3. Predominant lesions identified included angular cheilitis (36.7%), candidiasis (13.3%) and atypical oral ulcers (13.3%). The presence of one lesion was the most prevalent represented by 19 children. Oral lesions in relation to the CD4+ counts >500 resulted in; 14 children with one oral lesion, 5 with two lesions and 3 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of this CD4+ count patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. Oral lesions in relation Viral load copies <50 resulted in; 9 children with one oral lesion, 3 with two oral mucosal lesions and 4 with three oral mucosal lesions. The other half of this Viral load patient group presented with no oral mucosal lesions. No significant correlations were established between the presence of oral mucosal lesions and low CD4+ counts (p = 0.715) nor with high viral load counts (p = 0.638).ConclusionHIV‐related oral mucosal lesions still presented in the participants despite management with HAART. Based on the results, CD4+ counts and viral load does not appear to be suitable markers of orofacial involvement in children.

Oral Mucosal Lesions' propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency.

Objective:This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. Methods:An observational cross-sectional study was carried out among smokers who visited the tobacco cessation center at Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Goa, India. An intra-oral soft tissue examination for detecting presence of oral mucosal lesions followed by a questionnaire-based interview for the measurement of exposure, sociodemographic factors, body mass index, cooking habits and nicotine dependence was conducted. The exhaled CO levels were measured with a CO breath analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariable analysis was done to assess the association of different variables with oral mucosal lesions and carbon monoxide levels. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results:Of the 173 subjects enrolled in the study, 69.36% were without any lesions while 30.63% were diagnosed with some lesion. In the regression analysis, the variables of physical activity (present vs absent OR: 5.808), exhaled CO levels (OR: 1.098) and nicotine dependence (mild vs moderate OR: 6.518) were significant risk factors influencing the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Usage of both cigarettes and bidis by smokers exhibited highest mean exhaled CO values of 19.67±1.506 ppm. Exhaled CO levels were significantly higher in smokers who were overweight (14.96±9.14 ppm), physically inactive (13.98±8.26 ppm), highly nicotine dependent (20.67±8.30) and used coal for cooking (12.55±8.17). Conclusion:A robust correlation between exhaled CO levels, nicotine dependence and incidence of oral mucosal lesions was established. The multifactorial tenacity of exhaled CO which is affected by smoked tobacco as well as variables such as physical activity, BMI, cooking habits and type of smoking habit should be noted.

Oral mucosal lesions in pregnant women: A population-based study.

To evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) and oral self-examination and their associated factors among pregnant women from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women who would deliver babies in 2015 were included in the antenatal study. Data related to demographic, socio-economic and behavioural conditions were collected using questionnaires. Participants were also clinically assessed for oral health outcomes. The outcomes were the presence of OMLs and oral self-examination. Size, location, time of onset and symptomatology of the lesions were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression were performed. p-Value <0.05 was set to indicate statistical significance. Data from 2481 pregnant women were analysed. Four hundred and nine (16.5%) had at least one OML. The most prevalent lesions were exostosis (80/16.6%), coated tongue (70/14.5%) and benign oral brownish pigmentation (68/14.1%). Non-white skin colour was associated with a higher prevalence of OMLs (PR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.6), while daily use of dental floss was positively associated with the prevalence of oral self-examination (PR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2; 1.5). Almost 20% of pregnant women presented OML, which were more prevalent in non-white individuals. Women with better oral care were more likely to perform oral self-examination.

Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Oral Mucosal Lesions among Nicobarese Tribal Population in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

To determine the prevalence of tobacco use and oral mucosal lesions among Nicobarese tribal populations in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Cross-sectional survey and oral examination were done in 400 Nicobari populations in Car Nicobar using the World Health Organization (WHO) format of Oral Health Questionnaire and Assessment forms. The data were then entered and statistical analysis was done using SPSS Inc.; Chicago, Illinois, USA, Version 20.0. There is high prevalence of tobacco consumption (88.25%), especially the smokeless form of tobacco. Oral mucosal lesions were present in 25.75% of the total population, and keratosis was the most prevalent among oral mucosal lesions which was 56.3%. There is a statistical significance in the presence of oral mucosal lesions who consumes smokeless form of tobacco every day. There is no significance observed between male and female Nicobari tribes. This high consumption of smokeless form of tobacco puts both genders in Nicobari tribal population equally at risk of developing precancerous and cancerous lesions. Early intervention and oral health education should be done frequently to prevent the development of oral cancer at early stages in tribal population.

Dermatoloji Polikliniğine Başvuran Türk Adölesanlardaki Oral Mukoza Lezyonları-Bir Üçüncü Basamak Hastane Çalışması: Kesitsel Araştırma

Objective: Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood, which has unique physical and psychological characteristics. This study aims to evaluate oral mucosal lesions and possible related factors in adolescents. Material and Methods: This study was carried out in four months duration and included 700 individuals between the ages of 10-19. Detailed oral examinations were performed, demographic characteristics and personal habits of the participants were recorded. Results: In this study 700 adolescents were included, 437 (62.4%) were female, 263 (37.6%) were male. A total of 26 different oral lesion types were detected. At least one oral mucosal lesion was detected in 52% (n=364) of the study population. The most common lesions were fissured tongue (19.6%), morsicatio buccarum (8%), and linea alba (7.9%), respectively. Oral aphthae were significantly more common in males, cheilitis simplex in females (p=0.027; p=0.047, respectively). Oral mucosal lesions were significantly related with drug use (p=0.010). The logistic regression analysis for the factors affecting the presence of oral mucosal lesions revealed that the drug use and age higher than 18 years increase the risk. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in adolescents is quite high and drug use and older age increase the risk. The most common lesions are fissured tongue, morsicatio buccarum, and linea alba. Oral aphthae are significantly more common in males, cheilitis simplex in females. The high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in adolescents indicates the need to raise awareness for these lesions and identify probable risk factors.

Oral mucosal lesions in children with and without cleft lip and palate: a case control study

Orofacial clefts are a major health problem affecting individuals worldwide. Affected children would be having functional and aesthetic problems, such as breastfeeding difficulties due to improper oral seal and nasal regurgitation. Hearing and speech difficulties are also associated with the aperture. Oral mucosal lesions are commonly missed due to higher concern over the cleft than the minority of these conditions. The purpose of the study was to assess the presence or absence of oral mucosal lesions in children with and without cleft lip and palate. A total of 89000 cases were reviewed between June 2019 to March 2020 for the incidence of oral mucosal lesions in individuals with and without cleft lip and palate only. The present study consists of 30 children divided into two groups: children with cleft lip and palate and children without cleft lip and palate. In both groups, the presence of oral mucosal lesions was noted. Absence of oral mucosal lesions in both children with cleft lip and palate and children without cleft lip and palate. In this study, there is no evidence regarding oral mucosal lesions in children with and without cleft lip and palate.

Oral health status and treatment needs among HIV/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy center in Western India: A cross-sectional study.

Aims and Objectives:Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health problem across the globe. Among 37.9 million people are living with HIV in the world and 21.40 lakh are in India itself. The aim of this study was to assess the oral mucosal, periodontal, and dentition status of HIV/AIDS patients attending ART (antiretroviral therapy) center in Jaipur city, India.Methods and Materials:A total of 588 HIV/AIDS subjects at the ART center in Jaipur city were examined. Oral mucosal, periodontal, and dentition status was recorded using a modified WHO Oral Health Assessment form 1997. A pilot study was conducted among 50 patients. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0. The statistical tests that were applied for the analysis included Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:Of 588 study subjects examined, 65.6% were men and 34.4% were women. Candidiasis was the most prevalent oral lesion (32.5%) followed by acute necrotizing gingivitis (26%), hyper melanotic pigmentation (15.8%), and ulcerations (8.7%), respectively. Oral hairy leukoplakia was observed in only 3.9% and not a single case of Kaposi's sarcoma was reported. Buccal mucosa (36.7%) was the most common site of the presence of oral mucosal lesions. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score was 4.03 ± 1.54. Almost all the subjects needed one or other form of dental treatment. Only 12% of the patients had healthy periodontium.Conclusion:Candidiasis was the most prevalent oral lesion. Efforts should be made to meet the increased treatment needs in these patients.

Assessment of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Tobacco Users – A Cross-Sectional Survey

Introduction: Increased consumption of tobacco can lead to various oral mucosal lesions. The study was done to assess the oral mucosal lesions among tobacco users. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 5240 subjects who found to have a history of tobacco usage. Subjects with presence of oral mucosal lesions were subjected to vital tissue staining with toluidine blue dye (TB). Factors such as socio-economic status, occupation, type of tobacco usage, education status and type of lesions were recorded. Results: Hyperkeratosis was seen in 562 patients followed by smoker’s melanosis in 360, leukoplakia in 252 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 190 patients, smoker’s palate in 130 patients, erythroplakia in 96, lichen planus in 80 and OSMF in 70 patients. Cases were due to Cigarette/bidi, were due to gutkha usage, 252 (14.4%) due to hookah, hukli and 214 (12.2%) due to zarda/pan masala. Oral mucosal lesions were significantly higher in patients with the habit of smoking cigarette/beedi 974 (55.9%) compared to those patients that were chewing gutkha 300(17.2%) or panmasala 214 (12.2%) (P

A Retrospective Analysis of the Prevalence of Distribution of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) among the People Of Delhi NCR

INTRODUCTION: The presence of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) in one’s oral mucosa can lead to unwanted consequences and mostly are due to tobacco use.&#x0D; AIM: To document the prevalence of OMLs among patients of Delhi NCR and provide health education counselling to those under the grip of this evil practice. &#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of a total of 402 subjects visiting various screening camps in Delhi NCR and recalled a total of 174 patients, out of which 161 reported back to us for further diagnosis and screening of OMLs. The examination of patients in the camp were an ADA type III examination. All patients we given a health education while tobacco users were also given a specialized one-on-one health education regarding the tobacco and its ill effects as well as techniques for cessation. A descriptive analysis of the sample was first performed using means (±standard deviation (SD)) for continuous variables and frequencies (proportions) for categorical variables. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and to find significant difference, if any.&#x0D; RESULTS: Among the 402 subjects screened, the mean age was 33.24±6.74 Years and most of the study population belonged to the age group of 25-60 Years [178(44.3%)]. 301(74.8%) of the study population were males. The main chief complaint was periodontal problem [187(46.5%)], while 15 patients (3.73%) came for regular check-up. The prevalence of leukoplakia was found to be 8.70% and OSMF was found to be 6.21%. A significant difference was seen among gingivitis with respect to age and gender (p&lt;.05), leukoplakia and frictional keratosis was seen significant in relation to gender. In all significant cases, Males were more prone to get these OMLs as compared to females&#x0D; CONCLUSION: It is advised that regular Oral Health Drives and counselling sessions be arranged for the people of elhi NCR to reduce the burden of the OMLs.

Mouth self-examination as a screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders among a high-risk Indigenous population.

To evaluate the efficacy of mouth self-examination (MSE) as a self-screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions among an Indigenous population in Malaysia at high risk for oral premalignant and malignant disorders. Two villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities. Education on oral cancer, including MSE, was provided. Subsequently, respondents were asked to perform MSE. Finally, a clinical oral examination (COE) was done by a specialist and the presence of oral mucosal lesions was recorded. Almost 64.5 percent of respondents exhibited high levels of difficulty and low mucosal visualization and retracting ability, whereas 3.0 percent demonstrated high attention level when performing MSE. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 59.0 percent, whereas the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) was 9.0 percent. Detection of oral lesions by respondents using MSE was lower than detection by the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of MSE for detection of all types of lesions were 8.6 and 95.0 percent respectively. When analyzing each lesion type separately, MSE was found to be most sensitive in detection of swellings (10.0 percent), and most specific in identifying white lesions (97.8 percent). For detection of OPMDs, although specificity was high (98.9 percent), sensitivity (0 percent), and +LR (0) was poor. MSE is not an effective self-screening tool for early detection of potentially malignant lesions for this population.

Oral health profile of participants of an elderly cohabitation program in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Abstract Introduction Cohabitation and social interaction programs have been shown to enhance several aspects of the quality of life of the elderly. Objective This observational study assessed the oral health and oral health perception of participants of an elderly cohabitation program in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Material and method Calibrated dental students examined/interviewed 235 participants of the program. The oral examination considered Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Periodontal Attachment Loss (PAL), use and need of prostheses, and presence of oral mucosal lesions. Oral health perception was verified with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square test (α=0.05). Result The mean DMFT index was 24.3 teeth, with emphasis on the ‘Missing’ category. Upper and lower prosthetic needs were 53.6 and 71.1%, respectively. Fifty-five per cent of participants presented oral mucosal lesions. Moderate oral health perception prevailed (43%), with mean GOHAI score of 29.9. The negative perception on physical and pain/discomfort dimensions was statistically associated with lower prosthetic need (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The participants of the cohabitation program presented poor oral health and prevalence of moderate oral health perception. Lower prosthetic need was associated with negative perception.

Mouth Self-Examination (MSE) As a Screening Tool for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Among a High-Risk Indigenous Population With a Low Socioeconomic Status

Background: Oral cancer can be preceded by a group of conditions termed oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Oral cancers are associated with a 5-year survival of less than 50%, largely attributed to diagnoses at advanced stages. As pain associated with oral cancer manifests only at late stages, delay in detection often occurs. Screening has been found to aid in detection at an early stage, however it is only feasible if targeted toward high risk individuals. Mouth self-examination (MSE) is a relatively quick, inexpensive and simple to perform method of screening. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of MSE as a screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions and OPMDs in a high risk indigenous population with a high prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Methods: Two villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities. Education on oral cancer, including MSE was provided. Subsequently, respondents were asked to perform MSE. Finally, a comprehensive oral examination (COE) was done by a specialist and the presence of oral mucosal lesions was recorded. Results: Almost 64.5% of respondents exhibited high levels of difficulty and low mucosal visualization and retracting ability, whereas 3.0% demonstrated high attention level when performing MSE. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 59.0%, whereas the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) was 9.0%. Detection of oral lesions by respondents using MSE was lower than detection by the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of MSE for detection of all types of lesions were 8.6% and 95.0% respectively. When analyzing each lesion type separately, MSE was found to be most sensitive in detection of swellings (10.0%), and most specific in identifying red lesions (100.0%). For detection of OPMDs, MSE yielded a high specificity of 98.9%, with an accuracy rate of 91.8%. Conclusion: MSE is a potentially good screening tool for OPMDs and oral cancer; however, awareness level of the public on oral cancer and its associated signs and symptoms needs to be improved.

Spontaneous alveolar bone loss after 4NQO exposure in Wistar rats

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of an experimental carcinogenic, 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), in the spontaneous alveolar bone loss (ABL) in an animal model. DesignTwenty-two male Wistar rats were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (n = 10) received food and water ad libitum, and the test group (n = 12) receive the same food; however, 25 ppm of 4NQO was diluted in the drinking water. All animals were euthanized after 20 weeks, and the tongues were removed and analyzed macroscopically to determine the presence of oral mucosal lesions. All specimens were paraffin-embedded and histological sections were obtained. The microscopic analysis was based on routine procedure (haematoxylin and eosin stain). The analysis of spontaneous ABL was performed by a calibrated examiner using standardized photographs and imaging software. Differences in spontaneous ABL were assessed among the three resulting groups: control, 4NQO with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 4NQO without OSCC. ResultsIn the 4NQO-treated group, nine animals developed OSCC. The animals in the 4NQO with OSCC group presented significantly more spontaneous ABL (0.65 ± 0.21 mm) than the control group (0.34 ± 0.05) (p < 0.001). The animals in the 4NQO without OSCC group showed a mean spontaneous ABL of 0.47 ± 0.13 mm, which was not statistically significant different when compared to the control group (p = 0.096). ConclusionsIt was concluded that the presence of OSCC enhanced spontaneous ABL in Wistar rats when compared to control animals. Additionally, it was shown that, solely, administration of 4NQO may not be considered responsible for alveolar bone destruction.

Prevalence of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral mucosal lesions in Cambodia

ABSTRACTObjectives: To obtain data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among Cambodians, and to assess the relationship between known risk habits of oral diseases with prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).Design: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study whereby subjects were adults aged 18 years old and above. A workshop on the identification of OML was held to train and calibrate dental officers prior to data collection in the field. Sociodemographic and risk habits data were collected via face-to-face interview, whilst presence of OML and clinical details of lesions such as type and site were collected following clinical oral examination by the examiners. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 12.0. The association between risk habits and risk of OPMD was explored using logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 1634 subjects were recruited. Prevalence of OML for this population was 54.1%. Linea alba was the most common lesion seen (28.7%). This study showed an overall OPMD prevalence of 5.6%. The most common type of OPMD was leukoplakia (64.8%), followed by lichen planus (30.8%). Subjects who only smoked were found to have an increased risk for OPMD of almost four-fold (RR 3.74, 95%CI 1.89–7.41). The highest risk was found for betel quid chewers, where the increased risk observed was more than six times (RR 6.75, 95%CI 3.32–13.72). Alcohol consumption on its own did not seem to confer an increased risk for OPMD, however when practiced concurrently with smoking, a significant risk of more than five times was noted (RR 5.69 95%CI 3.14–10.29).Conclusion: The prevalence of OML was 54.1%, with linea alba being the most commonly occurring lesion. Smoking, alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing were found to be associated with the prevalence of OPMD, which was 5.6%.

Association between Oral Mucosal Lesions and Hygiene Habits in a Population of Removable Prosthesis Wearers.

This prospective study evaluated the influence of self-reported prosthesis hygiene regimens and prosthesis usage habits on the presence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in complete removable and/or partial removable dental (CRDP/PRDP) prosthesis wearers (PWs). Between January 2009 and January 2011, the conventional oral mucosa of 400 consecutive PWs (252 women; 148 men), aged between 29 and 86 years, were examined clinically. Information was derived considering the type and age of the prosthesis, hygiene level, frequency and style of prosthesis cleaning, overnight prosthesis use, storage conditions, and systemic diseases. Non-prosthesis- and prosthesis-related OMLs were identified. The data were analyzed using univariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) tests to assess the development of OMLs as a function of the selected variables. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence intervals (CI; α = 0.05). Of the 400 PWs, 21.5% had CRDP, 52.5% PRDP, and 25.8% CRD/PRD prostheses. Thirty-two percent of the PWs cleaned their prosthesis once a day. Brushing the prosthesis with toothbrush and soap/toothpaste was the most commonly practiced cleaning regimen (85.8%). More than half (64.5%) of the PWs used their prosthesis overnight. Among all PWs, 37.8% had a prosthesis-related OML. Stomatitis Newton Type II (46%) and Type III (38%) were the most common OMLs. OML frequency was higher in PWs having CRDPs than those having PRDPs (p < 0.05). Overnight prosthesis use (p = 0.003, OR: 13.65; 95% CI: 1.7-109.3), denture age ≥11 years (p = 0.017, OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7), and immersion in water and solution (p = 0.023, OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.02-1.02) affected the incidence of OML significantly. Hypertension was the most common systemic disease (31.5%). Overnight use, denture age, and storage conditions of CRDP or PRDPs demonstrated a more significant impact on OML incidence than frequency of cleaning. Oral healthcare programs for removable PWs should specifically provide education on prosthesis usage instructions.