Presence Of Nickel Nanoparticles Research Articles

КАТАЛІТИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ НАНОЧАСТИНОК НІКЕЛЮ В ПРОЦЕСІ ОТРИМАННЯ ВОДНЮ РОЗКЛАДОМ ГІДРАЗИНУ

Catalytic systems based on nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) can be used to reduce the nitroaromatic compounds with sodium borohydride, to obtain synthesis gas from reducing raw materials, etc. The mechanism of catalytic action of nickel in such processes is similar to the mechanism of action of Raney nickel, however, the nanosize of nickel particles makes it possible to create a much wider range of catalytic systems due to the use of various carriers. Research into the use of NiNPs in hydrogen generation processes deserves the special attention. In particular, it is known that the NiNPs are an effective catalyst for the decomposition of alkaline NaBH4 solutions. Another promising source of hydrogen is hydrazine hydrate, which has a high hydrogen capacity, solid reaction products are not formed during its decomposition, and it is also economically more profitable compared to NaBH4. Recently it was shown that in alkaline solutions of ethylene glycol in the presence of NiNPs, hydrazine is decomposed according to the reaction N2H4 -> N2 + 2H2, i. e., only nitrogen and hydrogen are reaction products. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to investigate the catalytic activity of NiNPs in the process of generating hydrogen by the decomposition of hydrazine. NiNPs were synthesized by the reduction of nickel acetate with hydrazine in an alkaline solution of ethylene glycol in the absence of surfactants. Using the SEM, EDX and XRD it was shown that the obtained NiNPs are spherical in shape with a size of 150-200 nm and do not contain nickel hydroxide residues. The catalytic activity of NiNPs in the process of hydrogen generation by decomposition of an alkaline solution of hydrazine in ethylene glycol was investigated using the volumetric method. It was shown that the rate of hydrogen evolution is 130 ml/min per 1 gram of catalyst, and the activation energy of the catalytic decomposition of hydrazine is 65 ± 2 kJ/mol.

NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BIOSYNTHESIZED WITH Moringa Oleifera LEAVES EXTRACTS: SPECTROSCOPIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION IN THE DETECTION OF Escherichia Coli O157:H7

Metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant extracts has gained a lot of attention because of its ease-of-use, environmental friendliness and simplicity. In this study, nickel nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in a one-step synthesis technique. The formation of nickel nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy showed that these nickel nanoparticles may be reduced to nickel chloride by biomolecules that have an amide and phenolic structure. The electrochemical activity of synthesized nickel nanoparticles is revealed further by electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry; preliminary study on electrochemical detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shows an increased current response in the presence of nickel nanoparticles, which could be attributed to nickel nanoparticles rupturing the Escherichia coli cell membrane. This finding suggests that nickel nanoparticles could be used to detect E. coli O157:H7 directly.

Preparation, Properties and Applications of the Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Based on Nanoporous Carbon Matrix

Nanoporous carbon matrix was prepared by the sol–gel process from pyrogallol-formaldehyde (PF) mixtures in water using picric acid as catalyst. For the second sample, nickel oxide nanoparticles were added in the PF matrix to get a PF/NiO hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposite. After a drying step, the samples were heat treated for two hours at 650 °C in tubular furnace under open nitrogen atmosphere. The XRD analysis shows that PF matrix is amorphous while PF/NiO nanocomposite exhibited a metallic phase of nickel. The average value of the metallic nickel crystallites deduced from the Scherrer’s equation was found to be about 35 nm. TEM images indicate the existence of nanopores in the PF matrix and the presence of nickel nanoparticles in the PF/NiO nanocomposite which are dispersed randomly in the carbon matrix. The adsorption–desorption of nitrogen revealed that the pore size equal to 1.9 nm for PF matrix and 2.6 nm for PF/NiO nanocomposite. So, the adsorption capacities of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) show that the PF matrix has the highest adsorption at low pressures where micropores are dominant and the PF/NiO nanocomposite tends to adsorb gases better at high pressure where the presence of mesopores. The V(I) characteristics showed that the PF/NiO nanocomposite can be considered as a smart material. Indeed, the characteristic behavior can be adjusted according to the maximum applied current. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the PF/NiO nanocomposite is very promising for the detection of non-enzymatic glucose with a sensitivity of 76 µA/mM.cm−2 and a detection limit lower than 0.03 µM. The absorption spectra showed that the addition of the NiO nanoparticles increased the Urbach energy and the disorder in the PF/NiO nanocomposite.

Life cycle assessment of using laser treatment and nanomaterials to produce biogas through anaerobic digestion of slurry

Recently, laser radiation and nanomaterials have been utilized to improve biogas yield via anaerobic digestion of herd’s manure through biostimulating methanogenic bacteria. Yet, laser irradiation and nanomaterials as anaerobic bacteria stimulant could have environmental impacts that have not been assessed or known. The aim of the current research was to understand and evaluate variable laser doses in the presence of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) and their environmental impacts during the production of biogas from treated manure. A life cycle assessment scheme was employed to achieve this aim. The used laser doses were 0.5 h, 1 h and 2 h and correlated to 1-h incandescent light exposure, where all treatments received 2 g/m3 Ni NPs. The outcomes were conferred in the pattern of specific influences for the biogas utilization and production as an energy source. The studied impacts were global warming, greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, freshwater ecotoxicity and prospective human toxicity. Results revealed that laser irradiation with the addition of Ni NPs during the biostimulation of anaerobic digestion has the least environmental adverse effects when compared to the control group.

In vitro anticancer activity of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide alongside nickel nanoparticle and novel mutations in their genes in CRC patients

This study was carried out to assess the impact of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) as well as scorpion venom on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in the presence and/or absence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitric oxide (NO) donors and to determine alterations in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) enzyme-producing genes in CRC patients. The IC50 of both H2S and NO donors, along with NiNPs, were determined. The CRC cells were treated for 24hrs, and the cytotoxic activities were assessed using the MTT test. Moreover, the apoptosis was determined after 24hrs and 48hrs using TUNEL assay. Furthermore, the mutations in the eNOS gene (intron 4, -786T>C and 894 G>T) and CSE gene (1364GT) were determined using direct sequencing. The IC50 values for sodium disulfide (Na2S) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 24hrs treatment were found to be 5 mM and 10−6 M, respectively, while the IC50 value for 5-FU was reached after 5-days of treatment in CRC cell line. Both black and yellow scorpion venoms showed no inhibition of cell proliferation after 24hrs treatment. Furthermore, Na2S showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Moreover, a co-treatment of SNP and 5-FU resulted in inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, while a combination treatment of NiNPs with Na2S, SNP, and 5-FU caused highly significant cytotoxicity. Direct sequencing reveals new mutations, mainly intronic variation in eNOS gene that has not previously been described in the database. These findings indicate that H2S promotes the anticancer efficiency of 5-FU in the presence of NiNPs while NO has antiapoptotic activity in CRC cell lines.

A new application of nickel nanoparticles as a heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols according to green chemistry principles

1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols were prepared via one-pot multi-component reaction of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and amides in the presence of nickel nanoparticles as a solid phase acidic catalyst, under solvent-free condition at 100 °C. The recent literature survey reveals that the nano nickel was used as heterogeneous catalyst and received noteworthy attention because of its inexpensive, non-toxic, low corrosion, waste minimization, easy transport and disposal of the catalyst. Short reaction times, high yields, and easy work-up are the advantages of this protocol.

One-pot conversion of carbon dioxide to CNT-grafted graphene bifunctional for sulfur cathode and thin interlayer of Li–S battery

Gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) was converted into few-layered graphene sheets grafted by carbon nanofibers (G-CNFs) at the atmospheric pressure. The synthesis was performed in a one-pot route by the thermal Mg-aided reduction of CO2 in the presence of nickel nanoparticles that have a crucial role in the growth of carbon nanofibers. The produced G-CNF was bifunctionally applied as a cathode supporter for elemental sulfur and a thin interlayer for the separator in the Li–S battery. The graphene layers exfoliated by the carbon nanofibers enabled the formation of semi-freestanding membrane through sonication in a surfactant solution. They were attached on the separator to be used as a several micron-thick interlayer. The G-CNF employed as both cathode and interlayer materials enhanced the charge-discharge capacity and stability due to its low electrical resistivity and its role as a barrier to the polysulfides shuttle. As a result, a high capacity of 820 mAhg−1 and 640 mA h g−1 after 100 and 500 cycles were acquired at 0.5 C, respectively. The results suggest not only the facile one-step conversion of atmospheric CO2 to the exfoliated graphene grafted by carbon nanofibers, but also its outstanding electrochemical performance in the Li–S battery.

Transformation of g-C3N4 into onion like carbon on nickel nanoparticles for ultrafast hydrogenation

It is known that increase in temperature of thermal oxidation exfoliation leads to increased nitrogen vacancies and in turn leads to high specific area of graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4. In the present work we showed that thermal treatment of highly exfoliated (mono/few layers) g-C3N4 in the presence of nickel nanoparticles, which were pre-immobilized on to the surface of g-C3N4 layers, leads to formation of onion like carbon (OLCs) on surfaces of nickel nanoparticles. The immobilization of nickel nanoparticles was done by a simple NaBH4 reduction-based grinding method. The formation of OLCs on Ni nanoparticles were confirmed using SEM and HR-TEM. The X-ray diffraction studies shows formation of diamond like OLCs phase on Ni nanoparticles. The surface area of Ni-OLCs was observed as 45.1 m2/g. XPS revealed the formation of sp2/sp3 hybrid diamond like OLCs. Also, thus formed materials acts as a very good magnetically separable catalyst for ultrafast hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.

Effect of laser radiation on the gamma activity of aqueous salt solutions containing 152Eu

We report an experimental study of the effect of laser irradiation of aqueous salt solutions containing the 152Eu isotope in the presence of nickel nanoparticles on the gamma activity of the isotope. Nickel nanoparticles are generated using laser ablation of the target in water and added to the radionuclide solution before irradiation. Two types of Nd : YAG lasers with a pulse duration of 10 ns and different repetition rates are used to irradiate the solutions. It is found that the 152Eu activity as a result of repeated irradiation of solutions by a series of pulses decreases with each irradiation cycle. The obtained results are compared with data on the effect of maser radiation with a wavelength of 8 mm on the activity of the same isotope. Possible mechanisms of the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the 152Eu gamma activity are discussed.

Tuning electrical properties of polythiophene/nickel nanocomposites via fabrication

Polythiophene/nickel nanocomposites were synthesized by the electrochemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene in the presence of nickel nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that both PTh and PTh/Ni nanocomposites show granular structures with grains that agglomerate. The increasing of the Ni content results in a decreasing in size and an increasing in density of insular PTh/Ni agglomerations. All composite samples present smaller grains and agglomerations as compared to pure PTh. As the Ni content increases both Ra and RMS are slightly increasing. Surface area was also estimated and the results showed a slightly increase of active surface area. Their electrochemical properties were further evaluated utilizing cyclic voltammetry. As-grown nanocomposites of PTh/nickel with the highest content of nickel exhibited enhanced electrochemical activity, the highest specific capacitance of 3000 F g−1 and the fastest discharging process of 200 s.

Internalization and effects on cellular ultrastructure of nickel nanoparticles in rat kidneys.

Purpose: Since nanoparticles (NPs) are beginning to be introduced in medicine and industry, it is mendatory to evaluate their biological side-effects, among other things. The present study aimed to investigate the pathways by which nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) enter nephrons and to evaluate their localization and effects on cellular ultrastructure.Methods: Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20 nm NiNPs (20 mg/Kg/b.w./day) for 28 consecutive days. Transmission electron microscope technique was used to detect localization of NiNPs and their effects on cellular ultrastructure in rat kidneys. Additionally, measurements of certain biochemical parameters such as creatinine, urea, uric acid and phosphorus for investigating renal function following NiNPs treatment were taken.Results: The presence of NiNPs in the nephrons in treated rats was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. NiNPs entered the renal tubules cells via various pathways. The results indicated that NiNPs administration induced ultrastructural changes in the proximal cells of renal tubules and certain glomerular cells (podocytes and mesangial cells). Additionally, NiNPs were found to be localized in the mitochondria, which led to a significant decrease in their density and morphology. Furthermore, cell death was induced in the glomerular cells as found with a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assay and through detection of p35 using immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion: Herein, NiNPs were found to induce various cellular ultrastructural changes in the kidneys of rats. NiNPs used diverse pathways to internalize into the cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubules (PT) cells across the basement membrane, and also through the plasma membrane of two adjacent PT cells. NiNPs internalization, accumulation and their alterations of the cellular ultrastructure affected rat renal function.

Nickel-nanoparticles-assisted direct copper-electroplating on polythiophene conductive polymers for PCB dielectric holes

The pursuit for high throwing power (TP) in copper-hole metallization has been regarded as a major issue in the field of printed circuit boards (PCB). In this work, a membrane composed by polythiophene (PT) conductive polymers to replace electroless-plating copper layer is developed and investigated. High value of TP for dielectric holes on PCB is achieved by distributing nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) on the PT membrane. During the electroplating process, NiNPs acting as seed clusters adsorb onto the surface of PT, effectively improve the copper electrocrystallization and thus increase the deposition rate of copper in the holes, enhancing TP of dielectric through-holes (THs) and filling rate of blind via. The results from morphological, electrical and thermal shock characterization validate that the copper layer formed by electroplating in the presence of NiNPs on the PT membrane has outstanding practical qualities.

Colloid and Nanosized Catalysts in Organic Synthesis: XIX.1 Influence of the Support Nature on Hydrogenation Catalysis of Cyclic Olefins by Nickel Nanoparticles

Gas-phase hydrogenation of cycloalkenes in the presence of nickel nanoparticles supported on Ceokar-2, BAU-A activated carbon, alumina, and NaX zeolite proceeds at 140–240°C and atmospheric pressure of hydrogen. The conversion and selectivity depend on the type of support and on the hydrogen excess.

EFFECT OF GOLD AND NICKEL NANOPARTICLES ON IMMUNE PROTEINS OF TOXOPLASMOSIS PATIENTS

Objective: An interaction between a nanoparticle and the immune system is considered desirable when it may lead to various beneficial medical applications such as vaccines, delivery of drugs, antigens or therapeutics for inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. This study aims to evaluate the impact of some immune proteins by the presence of gold and nickel nanoparticles in sera of toxoplasmosis patients.Methods: A total of 20 patients women with toxoplasmosis aged (20-40 year) attending Central Health Laboratory in Baghdad city for the period (November 2016 to February 2017) and 20 age-matched of women healthy as a control were included in this study.Results: A non-significant increase in the activity and specific activity of protease in the sera of women infected with toxoplasmosis were observed in comparison to their values in the healthy (p˃0.05). While a non-significant decrease in total protein values was reported. The results of effect of nanoparticles showed a decrease in the level of the enzyme in the presence of nanoparticles by 41.3%, while the results showed that inhibition of nickel nanoparticles was greater and 43.8%. The results indicated that IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were decreased in the presence of gold nanoparticles. In the same context, both IgA and IgG were shown to be inhibitory in the presence of nickel nanoparticles while the results showed activation of the IgM level with nickel nanoparticles.Conclusion: We conclude from this study that other studies are required to confirm our results and therefore support the possibility of using nickel nanoparticles as a support for the treatment of toxoplasmosis through its dual effect first by reducing the protease, which is essential for survival of the parasite and second by activating IgM level, which enhances the immune defense of the body against the parasite.

Use of Nickel Nanoparticles for Promoting Aquathermolysis Reaction During Cyclic Steam Stimulation

Summary Late cycles of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) are characterized by a decreasing heavy-oil recovery and an increasing water cut. Nickel nanoparticles can be used to promote aquathermolysis reactions between water and heavy oil in steam-injection processes, thereby increasing the recovery factor (RF). In this paper, detailed investigations were performed to determine the optimal operational parameters and answers to the following questions: What is the optimal concentration of nickel nanoparticles for promoting aquathermolysis under high steam temperature? Can we improve oil recovery at lower steam temperatures with the presence of nickel nanoparticles? What effect does the penetration depth of nickel nanoparticles have on the final oil recovery? CSS experiments were conducted between temperatures of 150 and 220°C. Steam generated under these temperatures was injected into sandpacks saturated with Mexican heavy oil. Powder-form nickel nanoparticle was introduced into this process to boost the oil production. In an attempt to obtain the optimal concentration, different concentrations were tested. Next, oil sands without any nanoparticle additives were first added into the cylinder. Then, only one-third of the sandpack was mixed with nickel nanoparticles near the injection port. Experiments were executed to study the effects of temperature, nickel concentrations, and nanoparticle-penetration depth on the ultimate oil recovery and produced oil/water ratios after each cycle. Produced-oil quality and emulsion formation were evaluated with gas-chromatography (GC) analysis, viscosity measurements, saturates/asphaltenes/resins/aromatics (SARA) tests, and microscopic analysis of the effluents. Experimental results show that the best concentration of nickel nanoparticles, which gives the highest ultimate oil RF, is 0.20 wt% of initial oil in place (IOIP) under 220°C, whereas the nickel concentration of 0.05 wt% provides the highest RFs at the early stages. A lower temperature of 150°C provides a much-lower RF than 220°C, which is mainly because of a lower level of aquathermolysis reactions at 150°C. By analyzing the compositions of produced oil and gas samples with GC and SARA tests, we confirm that the major reaction mechanism during the aquathermolysis reaction is the breakage of the carbon/sulfur (C/S) bond; the nickel nanoparticles can act as catalyst for the aquathermolysis reaction; and the catalytic effect becomes less remarkable from cycle to cycle. One run of the experiment to test the effect of particle-penetration depth revealed that the nickel nanoparticles distributed near the injection port greatly contributed to the ultimate RF.

Influence of nickel nanoparticles on hydrogen storage behaviors of MWCNTs

In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT)-nickel hybrid materials were prepared from CNTs by the impregnation of nickel at various CNT/nickel mass ratios. The presence of nickel nanoparticles on CNTs influences the spillover effect on hydrogen storage capacity. A thermal reduction method was employed to increase the contacts between the nickel metal particles and the carbon support, thus facilitating hydrogen spillover. The as-obtained nickel-decorated CNTs exhibited a high hydrogen storage capacity of 0.87wt.% at 298K and 100bar, resulting in an enhancement factor of 2.5 relative to the untreated CNTs. These experimental results demonstrate that the presence of nickel creates hydrogen-favorable sites that can lead to improved hydrogen storage capacities based on the spillover effect.

Colloid and nanosized catalysts in organic synthesis: XI. Hydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by nickel nanoparticles

The reaction of alkynes with hydrogen under atmospheric pressure in the presence of nickel nanoparticles as a catalyst led to the exhaustive hydrogenation of the triple bond.

Metal–polymer nanocomposites based on Ni nanoparticles and polythiophene obtained by electrochemical method

Polythiophene–nickel (PT–Ni) nanocomposites have been prepared by the electrochemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene in the presence of nickel nanoparticles. The metallic nickel nanoparticles were obtained by the chemical reduction of nickel chloride with hydrazine at 100–130°C. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as protective agent in the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy data revealed the particle size to be in the range 6–20nm. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the nanocomposites. XPS measurements for the PT–Ni nanocomposites showed that the nickel content varied between 0.43 and 1.3at.% in the PT–Ni nanocomposites. The electrical conductivity of the composites increased from 4.5×10−3Ωcm−1 to 1.25×10−2Ωcm−1 as the amount of nickel was increased from 0.43% up to 1.3%, polythiophene–Ni nanocomposites exhibiting a good electrical conductivity response.

Nickel Nanoparticles for Enhancing Carbon Capture

Hydration reaction of CO2 is one of the rate limiting steps for CO2 absorption (in aqueous solutions) and aqueous CO2 mineralization. The catalytic activity of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) for CO2 hydration is studied at different temperatures, pH, and low CO2 partial pressures to mimic the true flue gas conditions. Results show that NiNPs can work as active catalyst for hydration of CO2 in applications such as CO2 separation and CO2 mineralization. The NiNPs display optimum activity within 20–30°C and at pH value <8. NiNPs show catalytic activity even at low CO2 partial pressures (12 vol%). In 50 wt% K2CO3 solution, an enhancement of 77% is observed in the rate of CO2 absorption with NiNPs. Commercially, CO2 saturated K2CO3 solutions are usually regenerated at 150°C; at these conditions, NiNPs show no considerable surface oxidation. They still exhibit catalytic activity for hydration reaction of CO2. CO2 absorption and mineralization (as CaCO3) in DI water are three times higher in presence of NiNPs. Calcite (CaCO3) particles precipitated in presence of NiNPs are spherical in morphology.

Novel Nanoparticle-Assisted Room-Temperature Synthesis of Methyl Esters from Aloe vera Seed Oil

Aloe vera has been used as a cosmetic and medical remedy since ancient times and has gained increasing popularity in recent years. Despite its widespread use, reports on biodiesel from Aloe vera seeds are lacking. The present investigation reports the fatty acid composition of Aloe vera seed oil (AVSO) and addresses the feasibility of using AVSO as a source of biodiesel. A novel ecofriendly catalyst was developed using triacetin as a model. Interestingly, the room-temperature conversion of AVSO and other nonedible oils to methyl esters could be achieved using this novel catalytic system consisting of ethylene diamine in the presence of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs). The metal core, capping agent, and amine concomitantly contribute to make the system an effective catalyst.