Presence Of Mucus In Stool Research Articles

Co-infection with Campylobacter and rotavirus in less than 5\u2009year old children with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal during 2017\u20132018

BackgroundDiarrhoea, although easily curable, is a global cause of death for a half million children every year. Rotavirus and Campylobacter are the most common etiological agents of diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age. However, in Nepal, these causative agents are not routinely examined for the diagnosis and treatment. The main objective of this study was to determine Campylobacter co-infection associated with rotavirus diarrhoea in children less than 5 years of age.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Kanti Children’s Hospital (KCH), Kathmandu, Nepal from November 2017 to April 2018. A total of 303 stool specimens from children affected with diarrhoea were processed to detect rotavirus using a rapid rotavirus antigen detection test kit, and Campylobacter by microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests of Campylobacter isolates were performed according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines 2015.ResultsOf 303 samples, 91 (30.0%) were positive for co-infection with rotavirus and Campylobacter. Rotavirus mono-infection was detected in 61 (20.1%), and Campylobacter mono-infection was detected in 81 (26.7%) samples. Patient’s age, month of infection, untreated water and frequent soil contact were the major risk factors for infections. Clinical features such as > 9 loose motions per day, fever, vomiting, mild to moderate dehydration, diarrhea persisting 6–9 days and presence of mucus in stool were significant (p < 0.05) clinical features, and were more severe in coinfection compared to mono-infections in multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe study shows a high rate of rotavirus and Campylobacter coinfection in children with diarrhoea. Diagnosis based management of diarrhoeal cases can guide the specific treatment.

Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea in surgical service patients in Mexico

IntroductionClostridium difficile is the first cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in developed countries. In recent years the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased worldwide. There is not much information on the topic in Mexico, and little is known about the risk factors for the infection in patients that are hospitalized in surgical services. Materials and methodsA case-control study was conducted that compared the epidemiologic findings and risk factors between surgical patients with PCR-confirmed CDI, surgical patients with diarrhea and a negative PCR test, and surgical patients with no diarrhea. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 22.0 program. ResultsThe majority of the surgical patients with CDI belonged to the areas of neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedics, and general surgery. A total of 53% of the CDI cases were associated with the hypervirulent CD NAP1/027 strain. The presence of mucus in stools (OR: 1.5, p = 0.001), fever (OR: 1.4, p = 0.011), leukocytes in stools (OR: 3.2, p < 0.001), hospitalization within the past twelve weeks (OR: 2.0, p < 0.001), antibiotic use (OR: 1.3, p = 0.023), and ceftriaxone use (OR: 1.4, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for the development of CDI. ConclusionsC. difficile-induced diarrhea in the surgical services is frequent at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”.

A clinical study involving anatomical distribution, pathological patterns and differentiation degrees in population with small bowel tumor

Background: Occurrence of tumor of small bowel is very rare but the burden is in growing state in both more and less economically countries because of consumption of tobacco chewing by youngsters.Methods: The present studies include diagnosis and treatment of patients reported at tertiary care center of each districts of Vidarbha region and nearby districts for a schedule of six years.Results: Data refers to female predilection with male to female ratio of 0.75:1. The mean age of incidence for men and women recorded were 35±20.23 and 57±17.91 years respectively. Pain in abdomen was recorded as primary sign in 92.86% cases along with change in bowel habits in 85.71%. Anemia found was related to loss of weight and appetite. Melena and diarrhea were also significant in 65.29 and 14.95% of patients along with presence of mucus in stool in one patient. Pallor and palpable mass in abdomen was characteristic in 42.86% and 14.29% cases. Bowel wall thickening in 71.4% and bowel mass in 28.6% were examined by computer tomography. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy along with bowel wall thickening and bowel mass were noticed in one patient. Liver secondary were seen in 3 patients (21.43%). Ileum was most susceptible site of tumor with development of adenocarcinoma malignancy.Conclusions: Improvement in socioeconomic background, literacy and awareness regarding causative agents helps to control percentage of incidence.

A clinical study involving anatomical distribution, pathological patterns and differentiation degrees in population with small bowel tumor

Background: Occurrence of tumor of small bowel is very rare but the burden is in growing state in both more and less economically countries because of consumption of tobacco chewing by youngsters.Methods: These studies include diagnosis and treatment of patients reported at tertiary care center of each districts of Vidarbha region and nearby districts for a schedule of six years.Results: Data refers to female predilection with male to female ratio of 0.75:1. The mean age of incidence for men and women recorded were 35+/-20.23 and 57+/-17.91 years respectively. Pain in abdomen was recorded as primary sign in 92.86% cases along with change in bowel habits in 85.71%. Anemia found was related to loss of weight and appetite. Malena and diarrhea were also significant in 65.29 and 14.95% of patients along with presence of mucus in stool in one patient. Pallor and palpable mass in abdomen were characteristic in 42.86% and 14.29% cases. Bowel wall thickening in 71.4% and bowel mass in 28.6% were examined by computer tomography. Intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy along with bowel wall thickening and bowel mass were noticed in one patient. Liver secondaries were seen in 3 patients (21.43%). Ileum was most susceptible site of tumor with development of adenocarcinoma malignancy.Conclusions: Improvement in socioeconomic background, literacy and awareness regarding causative agents helps to control percentage of incidence.

Molecular seasonal, age and gender distributions of Cryptosporidium in diarrhoeic Egyptians: distinct endemicity.

Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide gastrointestinal disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium parasite. It has a broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. We aimed to study the molecular prevalence and seasonality of Cryptosporidium over a period of 1 year in a cohort of Egyptian diarrhoeic patients. Stool samples were collected from 865 diarrhoeic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, from all age groups over a 12-month period, examined microscopically for faecal Cryptosporidium oocysts by the acid-fast staining method and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays. PCR-positive samples were characterised molecularly by nPCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Cryptosporidium genotypes. Cryptosporidium copro-DNA was detected in 19.5% of the collected samples throughout the year, with a major peak in summer (August) and a small rise in spring (April). Infection was mainly C. hominis (95.8%) followed by C. parvum (3.0%), affecting all age groups, with predominance in the pre-school age group, and decrease with age. There were statistically significant associations between the detection of Cryptosporidium and season, diarrhoea, patient age and drinking water, while gender, contact with animals and presence of mucus in stool showed no association. Cryptosporidium in diarrhoeic Egyptians was of distinct endemicity, with the bi-model mostly influenced by population dynamics, with a clear high prevalence in pre-school children and predominating anthroponotic (C. hominis) transmission throughout the year. The obtained results highlight Cryptosporidium as a water contaminant and an important cause of health problems in Egypt, necessitating further studies of the risk factors.

Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in psychiatric patients: a review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is present in 10% to 20% of the U.S. adult population. The syndrome is best defined as chronic abdominal discomfort with changes in stool frequency, consistency, and passage, with associated symptoms such as abdominal bloating or presence of mucus in stools. Several studies have shown that up to 70% to 90% of patients with IBS who seek treatment have psychiatric comorbidity, most notably mood and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have shown a high prevalence of IBS in psychiatric patients who seek treatment, with a prevalence of 19% in schizophrenia, 29% in major depression, and 46% in panic disorder among other disorders. Our article reviews the comorbidity of IBS in psychiatric patients and discusses implications for treatment.