Presence Of Major Depressive Disorder Research Articles

The complex role of the chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine in major depressive disorder: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies

Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation exhibits a dual role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), both potentiating the onset of depressive symptoms and developing as a consequence of them. Our narrative review focuses on the role of the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) (also known as CX3CL1), which has gained increasing interest for its ability to induce changes to microglial phenotypes through interaction with its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1) that may impact neurophysiological processes relevant to MDD. Despite this, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the role of FKN in MDD. Overall, our review of the literature shows the involvement of FKN in MDD, both in preclinical models of depression, and in clinical studies of depressed patients. Preclinical studies (N = 8) seem to point towards two alternative hypotheses for FKN's role in MDD: a) FKN may drive pro-inflammatory changes to microglia that contribute towards MDD pathogenesis; or b) FKN may inhibit pro-inflammatory changes to microglia, thereby exerting a protective effect against MDD pathogenesis. Evidence for a) primarily derives from preclinical chronic stress models of depression in mice, whereas for b) from preclinical inflammation models of depression. Whereas, in humans, clinical studies (N = 4) consistently showed a positive association between FKN and presence of MDD, however it is not clear whether FKN is driving or moderating MDD pathogenesis. Future studies should aim for larger and more controlled clinical cohorts, in order to advance our understanding of FKN role both in the context of stress and/or inflammation.

Relationship between biological rhythm dysregulation and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder

BackgroundAlthough the disturbance of circadian rhythms represents a significant clinical feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between biological rhythm disturbances and the severity of suicidal ideation in individuals with MDD remains unclear. We aimed to explore the characteristics of different biological rhythm dimensions in MDD and their association with the severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation.MethodsA total of 50 MDD patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited and their general information was collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17). The intensity of suicidal ideation was evaluated with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) scale was utilized to assess the participants’ biological rhythm dysregulation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between biological rhythm and the risk of MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in the MDD group to investigate the relationship between different biological rhythm dimensions and suicide ideation.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the MDD group and the control group in total BRIAN score (Z=-5.41, P < 0.001) as well as scores for each dimension. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between total BRIAN score and the presence of MDD (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.29, P < 0.001), as well as between scores in different BRIAN dimensions and the presence of MDD (activity: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.24–1.74, P < 0.001; sleep: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.28–1.79, P < 0.001; social: OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.32–2.46, P < 0.001; eating pattern: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60, P = 0.001). In patients with MDD, linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between BSS scores and BRIAN eating pattern scores (β = 0.34, P = 0.022), even after adjusting for demographic factors and the severity of depression.ConclusionsPatients with MDD exhibited significantly higher levels of dysregulation in all four biological rhythm dimensions compared to healthy controls and the degree of dysregulation was associated with the severity of depression. More importantly, dysregulation of eating pattern may increase the intensity of suicidal ideation in MDD, thus elevating the risk of suicide.

Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Impact on Job Performance Among School Teachers in Buraydah City.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) pose a significant challenge to the well-being and productivity of individuals and various occupational groups, including teachers. Among teachers, the prevalence of MSD has raised concerns globally, impacting their daily activities and overall quality of life. Buraidah and Saudi Arabia, like many other regions, face the implications of this issue. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of MSD among teachers in Buraydah, providing valuable insights into the extent of the problem and potential areas for intervention. An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted for three months, from April 1 to June 30, 2023, using the Arabic version of the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire. This study was conducted in all schools in Buraydah City, Saudi Arabia. The study population was all schoolteachers (including principals, vice principals, etc.) in Buraydah City. The study analyzed responses from 648 teachers and 139 school workers using statistical tests, including chi-square tests and logistic regression models. The results indicated a notable prevalence of MSDamong teachers, with a significant association found between age, gender, and major depressive disorder (MDD) and MSD. The study reveals that females are at higher risk of MSDcompared to males, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions. Moreover, the presence of MDD is identified as a significant contributor to MSDamong teachers. However, certain demographic and lifestyle factors, such as marital status, level of school, smoking habits, and fixed rest times, do not show significant associations with MSD. Although age and years of experience are correlated, only age is found to significantly contribute to MSD. Regular exercise and BMI also do not emerge as significant contributors, although a lack of exercise shows a marginal impact. This study's findings have implications for educational institutions and policymakers, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to address MSDamong teachers. It underscores the importance of ergonomic interventions, gender-sensitive approaches, and mental health support.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with major depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study.

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been proposed as a new marker for insulin resistance, which is associated with a risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to explore whether the TyG index is correlated with MDD. In total, 321 patients with MDD and 325 non-MDD patients were included in the study. The presence of MDD was identified by trained clinical psychiatrists using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. The TyG index was calculated as follows: Ln (fasting triglyceride [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). The results revealed that the MDD group presented higher TyG index values than the non-MDD group (8.77 [8.34-9.17] vs 8.62 [8.18-9.01], P < .001). We also found significantly higher morbidity of MDD in the highest TyG index group than in the lower TyG index group (59.9% vs 41.4%, P < .001). Binary logistic regression revealed that TyG was an independent risk factor for MDD (odds ratio [OR] 1.750, 95% confidence interval: 1.284-2.384, P < .001). We further assessed the effect of TyG on depression in sex subgroups. The OR was 3.872 (OR 2.014, 95% confidence interval: 1.282-3.164, P = .002) for the subgroup of men. It is suggested that the TyG index could be closely associated with morbidity in MDD patients; thus, it may be a valuable marker for identifying MDD.

The Brief Adolescent Depression Screen: A Brief Screening Tool for Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Inpatient Adolescents.

In clinical settings, there is significant need for brief, easily-administered assessment tools for adolescent depression that can be used by mental health clinicians from a variety of training backgrounds. Existing depression screening tools do not assess for duration and consistency of symptoms, two key indicators of pathological depression. The Brief Adolescent Depression Screen (BADS) was developed to screen for major and persistent depressive disorders in adolescents in order to meet the assessment needs in an inpatient setting, and the validity of this tool was tested. The current study used a sample of 396 inpatient adolescents to assess the screening utility of the BADS for detecting whether the adolescent meets criteria for a depressive diagnosis according to a well-validated semi-structured interview, as well as detecting a positive history of suicidal behavior. Further, the screening utility of this measure was compared to the utility of an established depression rating scale. Analyses first determined the duration of depressive symptoms on the BADS that optimally screened for the presence of Major Depressive Disorder and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Findings indicated that, using these optimal screening cut-offs, the BADS showed a strong screening utility, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity for identifying full depressive diagnoses and a positive history of suicidal behavior with similar or greater accuracy than an established rating scale. These findings provide initial evidence to suggest that the BADS may be a helpful screening tool for adolescent depressive disorders in inpatient settings.

The relationship of major depressive disorder with Crohn's disease activity

IntroductionCrohn's disease (CD) has been related to an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk (SR). However, the nature of their relationship still deserves clarification. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients with CD, and to investigate the relationship between MDD and CD outcomes. MethodsA cross-sectional study involving CD patients was performed. CD activity was evaluated by the Harvey-Bradshaw index and CD phenotype by the Montreal classification. The presence of MDD was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire score-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic data and other characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Results283 patients with CD were included. The prevalence of MDD was 41.7%. Females had a risk of MDD 5.3 times greater than males. CD disease duration was inversely correlated with MDD severity. Individuals with active CD were more likely to have MDD (OR = 796.0; 95% CI 133.7‒4738.8) than individuals with CD remission. MDD was more prevalent in inflammatory behavior (45.5%) and there were no statistical differences regarding the disease location. 19.8% of the sample scored positive for SR. ConclusionThe present results support data showing an increased prevalence of MDD in individuals with CD. Additionally, it indicates that MDD in CD might be related to the activity of CD. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results and to address whether MDD leads to CD activity, CD activity leads to MDD or both ways are existent.

Improved lifestyle is associated with improved depression, anxiety and well-being over time in UK healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the CoPE-HCP cohort study

BackgroundOne potential modifiable factor to improve the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the pandemic is lifestyle.AimsThis study aimed to assess whether an improved lifestyle during the pandemic is...

Impact of Major Depressive Disorder on Comorbidities: A Systematic Literature Review.

Objective: To summarize the breadth of data exploring the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and both the incidence and the disease course of a range of comorbidities.Data Sources: The authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and several prespecified congresses. Searches included terms related to MDD and several comorbidity categories, restricted to those published in the English language from 2005 onward.Study Selection: Eligibility criteria included observational studies within North America and Europe that examined the covariate-adjusted impact of MDD on the risk and/or severity of comorbidities. A total of 6,811 articles were initially identified for screening.Data Extraction: Two investigators extracted data and assessed study quality.Results: In total, 199 articles were included. Depression was significantly (P < .05) associated with an increased incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well as cognitive decline in individuals with existing disease; increased incidence and worsening of cardiovascular disease/events (although mixed results were found for stroke); worsening of metabolic syndrome; increased incidence of diabetes, particularly among men, and worsening of existing diabetes; increased incidence of obesity, particularly among women; increased incidence and worsening of certain autoimmune diseases; increased incidence and severity of HIV/AIDS; and increased incidence of drug abuse and severity of both alcohol and drug abuse.Conclusions: The presence of MDD was identified as a risk factor for both the development and the worsening of a range of comorbidities. These results highlight the importance of addressing depression early in its course and the need for integrating mental and general health care.

Childhood depression and oxidative stress

BackgroundOxidative stress is a contributing factor in the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Pediatric studies regarding MDD-oxidative stress relationship are insufficient. In this study, we aimed to compare oxidative stress parameters of pediatric MDD patients with those of the control group and to examine factors affecting these parameters.ResultsTotal oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of 42 patients with MDD and 38 healthy controls were evaluated. Children depression inventory (CDI) was applied to all participants. In the MDD group, serum levels of TOS, OSI and MDA were higher, while TAS and SOD levels were lower (p < 0.001). When all participants were examined, oxidative stress increased as the CDI score increased, but in the MDD group, SOD increased as the CDI score increased. Increase in body mass index (BMI) percentile increased the oxidative stress in the MDD group. When factors affecting the presence of MDD were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis, a one-unit increase in SOD decreased depression by 0.190 times.ConclusionsThis study showed that oxidative stress increases in children and adolescents with MDD, and the increase in the severity of depression further increases oxidative stress, but when the depression becomes very severe, level of SOD increases compensatorily. It has been observed that high BMI in MDD patients creates an additional burden on oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of MDD in children and adolescents should be evaluated more comprehensively.

Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Depression

Depression is the leading cause of mental health-related disease burden and may be reduced by physical activity, but the dose-response relationship between activity and depression is uncertain. To systematically review and meta-analyze the dose-response association between physical activity and incident depression from published prospective studies of adults. PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and the reference lists of systematic reviews retrieved by a systematic search up to December 11, 2020, with no language limits. The date of the search was November 12, 2020. We included prospective cohort studies reporting physical activity at 3 or more exposure levels and risk estimates for depression with 3000 or more adults and 3 years or longer of follow-up. Data extraction was completed independently by 2 extractors and cross-checked for errors. A 2-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis was used to synthesize data. Study-specific associations were estimated using generalized least-squares regression and the pooled association was estimated by combining the study-specific coefficients using restricted maximum likelihood. The outcome of interest was depression, including (1) presence of major depressive disorder indicated by self-report of physician diagnosis, registry data, or diagnostic interviews and (2) elevated depressive symptoms established using validated cutoffs for a depressive screening instrument. Fifteen studies comprising 191 130 participants and 2 110 588 person-years were included. An inverse curvilinear dose-response association between physical activity and depression was observed, with steeper association gradients at lower activity volumes; heterogeneity was large and significant (I2 = 74%; P < .001). Relative to adults not reporting any activity, those accumulating half the recommended volume of physical activity (4.4 marginal metabolic equivalent task hours per week [mMET-h/wk]) had 18% (95% CI, 13%-23%) lower risk of depression. Adults accumulating the recommended volume of 8.8 mMET hours per week had 25% (95% CI, 18%-32%) lower risk with diminishing potential benefits and higher uncertainty observed beyond that exposure level. There were diminishing additional potential benefits and greater uncertainty at higher volumes of physical activity. Based on an estimate of exposure prevalences among included cohorts, if less active adults had achieved the current physical activity recommendations, 11.5% (95% CI, 7.7%-15.4%) of depression cases could have been prevented. This systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between physical activity and depression suggests significant mental health benefits from being physically active, even at levels below the public health recommendations. Health practitioners should therefore encourage any increase in physical activity to improve mental health.

Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Short Form) Across Genders, Time Points and Presence of Major Depressive Disorder Among Chinese Adolescents.

PurposeThe Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) is a widely used self-report tool designed to assess juveniles’ experiences of abuse and neglect. The current study examined the psychometric properties, particularly measurement invariance of the CTQ-SF in Chinese non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsParticipants included 1,507 high school students (non-clinical sample) from Hunan Province and 281 adolescent patients with major depressive disorder (MDD sample) from The Second Xiangya Hospital. We examined the reliability and validity of CTQ-SF, confirm the five-factor model of the CTQ-SF. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the measurement invariance across genders, presence of depression, and over time.ResultsThe CTQ-SF had good internal consistency in a non-clinical sample (Cronbach’s α = 0.85) and MDD sample (Cronbach’s α = 0.86). Good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.72) and Adequate validity were also observed. Good fit of the five-factor CTQ-SF model was confirmed in both samples. Multiple-group CFA confirmed that the CTQ-SF had the scalar invariance across genders and the presence of MDD, as well as over time.ConclusionThe CTQ-SF is an effective and reliable tool for assessing child maltreatment in Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The results suggest that the horizontal and longitudinal invariance of CTQ-SF are strongly established, which means CTQ-SF can be meaningfully used to compare outcomes among Chinese adolescents (non-clinical sample and MDD sample). The experience of child maltreatment, especially neglect (emotional and physical), was found to be common in Chinese adolescents.

How ambient temperature affects mood: an Ecological Momentary Assessment study in Switzerland

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recent studies indicate that increasing temperatures could negatively affect mental health and lead to increased psychiatric hospitalizations. However, evidence on the potential mechanisms mediating this association is limited. Mood can act as a potential mediator. We aimed to investigate the short-term association between ambient temperature and daily mood in a cohort population in Lausanne, Switzerland. METHODS: Participants from CoLaus|PsyCoLaus who completed the Ecological Momentary Assessment (2015-2017) were included. Data on several mood markers were collected four times daily through a cellphone. A principal component analysis was conducted to create an aggregate index of average daily mood (transformed into a binary variable indicating the presence of positive or negative mood). The effect of daily mean temperature (DMT) on mood was assessed using a mixed-effects model, and it was controlled for sleep, day of the week, season, sunshine duration and humidity. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, and presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). RESULTS:The study included a total of 946 participants. Overall, probability of having good mood increased by 2.4% (95%CI 0%, 4.5%) for each 1°C increase in DMT, instead increasing temperatures was associated with bad mood in participants with MDD (7.1%; 95%CI, -21.2%, 6.4%) and GAD (-5.7%; 95%CI -49.2%, 26.4%). Larger association estimates were found in males (4.8%; 95%CI 1.4%, 8.0%, vs 1.1%; 95%CI, -2.3%, 4.4% in females), while similar estimates were found for all age categories. CONCLUSIONS:Our preliminary findings suggest that increasing temperatures could positively affect mood in the general population. This association seems to be reversed in individuals suffering from mental disorders, thus suggesting a possible explanation for the increased morbidity in psychiatric patients during heat exposure. This finding supports the need for specific public health policies to protect this vulnerable population from the consequences of a changing climate. KEYWORDS: climate change, temperature, mood, mental health, psychiatric disorders, Ecological Momentary Assessment

Association of vision loss and depressive symptomatology in older adults assessed for ocular health in senior living facilities.

People with vision loss are at increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical depression. However, screening for depression is rarely done in eye care settings or among groups in the general population known to have vision disorders. We examined the prevalence of depression, using the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2 (PHQ-2), among a group of older adults (N=204; mean age=82.15) at two senior living facilities (SLFs) and determined the relationships between severity of depression and objective visual findings, visual function, beliefs about taking an active role in one's own eye care (i.e., patient activation) and level of social support. Approximately 50% of the sample had impaired vision in at least one eye, and close to 30% of the sample obtained a score on the PHQ-2 indicating the likely presence of major depressive disorder. Visual testing findings were related to visual function (e.g., ability to read), but not to depression. Patient activation was also not significantly related to the level of depression. However, impaired visual functioning and less social support were both strong predictors of depression. These two variables and their interaction accounted for 17% of the total PHQ-2score variance. These data indicate the potential utility of screening for depression as part of vision care in populations likely to have significant vision loss. The findings also suggest that a comprehensive approach to depression prevention and/or reduction in SLF and similar populations may require interventions to address reduced visual functioning and methods to strengthen social networks.

The association between plasma tryptophan catabolites and depression: The role of symptom profiles and inflammation

BackgroundTryptophan catabolites (“TRYCATs”) produced by the kynurenine pathway (KP) may play a role in depression pathophysiology. Studies comparing TRYCATs levels in depressed subjects and controls provided mixed findings. We examined the association of TRYCATs levels with 1) the presence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 2) depressive symptom profiles and 3) inflammatory markers. MethodsThe sample from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety included participants with current (n = 1100) or remitted (n = 753) MDD DSM-IV diagnosis and healthy controls (n = 642). Plasma levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KynA), quinolinic acid (QA), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured. Atypical/energy-related symptom (AES), melancholic symptom (MS) and anxious-distress symptom (ADS) profiles were derived from questionnaires. ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption and chronic diseases, no significant differences in TRYCATs were found comparing MDD cases versus controls. The MS profile was associated (q < 0.05) with lower KynA (β = -0.05), while AES was associated with higher KYN (β = 0.05), QA (β = 0.06) and TRP (β = 0.06). Inflammatory markers were associated with higher KYN (CRP β = 0.12, IL-6 β = 0.08, TNF β = 0.10) and QA (CRP β = 0.21, IL-6 β = 0.12, TNF β = 0.18). Significant differences against controls emerged after selecting MDD cases with high (top 30%) CRP (KYN d = 0.20, QA d = 0.33) and high TNF (KYN d = 0.24; QA d = 0.39). ConclusionsTRYCATs levels were related to specific clinical and biological features, such as atypical symptoms or a proinflammatory status. Modulation of KP may potentially benefit a specific subset of depressed patients. Clinical studies should focus on patients with clear evidence of KP dysregulations.

1011-P: Major Depressive Disorder Is Associated with Higher Risk of Readmission following DKA

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency associated with significant patient mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that the presence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased incidence of DKA. We aimed to assess whether MDD was associated with increased risk of readmission following DKA. Methods: We utilized the National Readmission Database for 2016 to identify hospitalized adult patients with a principal diagnosis of DKA and a secondary diagnosis of MDD from January 1 to November 30, 2016. We excluded patients with elective and traumatic admissions. We utilized a multivariate cox regression model to identify independent predictors of readmission. Results: Of 15,981 patients with MDD and DKA who were discharged, 23.2%(n=3710) were readmitted within 30-days. The most common reason for readmission was DKA (63.9%, n=2371). In the multivariate cox regression model, MDD was associated with higher risk of readmission (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.26, p=0.04) when adjusted for comorbidities and hospital characteristics. Of those MDD patients with DKA who were readmitted, type 1 DM (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1 - 1.3, p=0.04), CHF (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.78, p=0.006), and CKD (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.17 - 1.79, p=0.001) were associated with higher risk of readmission. Obesity (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59 - 0.97, p=0.025), private insurance (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53 - 0.79, p&amp;lt;0.001), median patient household income between $54,000-$70,999 (HR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.85, p&amp;lt;0.001) and $71,000 or more (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62- 0.89, p=0.002) were associated with lower risk of readmission. Conclusion: In this study, we found that patients with MDD admitted for DKA had a 17% increased risk of readmission within 30 days of discharge in comparison to those without MDD. This could be explained by their propensity for poor adherence to diet, exercise, and recommended pharmacological therapy. Further studies need to be done to assess and target the exact precipitants of readmission. Disclosure M. Ramirez: None. M. Murthi: None. B. Sharma: None. R. Atluri: None. H. Shaka: None. G. Velazquez: None.

Association of Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability With Proximal Suicidal Risk in Patients With Diverse Psychiatric Diagnoses.

Objectively measurable biomarkers have not been applied for suicide risk prediction. Resting heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) showed potential as trans-diagnostic markers associated with suicide. This study aimed to investigate the associations of resting HR and HRV on proximal suicide risk in patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses. This chart review study used the medical records of psychiatric patients who visited the outpatient clinic at an academic tertiary hospital. A total of 1,461 patients with diverse psychiatric diagnoses was included in the analysis. Proximal suicide risk was measured using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) suicidal score. Linear regression analyses with the MINI suicidal score as a dependent variable and binary logistic regression analyses with moderate-to-high suicide risk (MINI suicidal risk score ≥6) as a dependent variable were conducted to explore the effects of resting HR and HRV parameters on acute suicide risk after adjusting for age, sex, presence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), severity of depression and anxiety severity. We found that 55 (34.6%) patients in the MDD group, 40 (41.7%) in the BD group and 36 (3.9%) in the others group reported moderate-to-high suicide risk. Linear regression analysis revealed that both resting HR and root-mean-square of successive difference (RMSSD) had significant associations with the MINI suicidal score (P = 0.037 with HR, P = 0.003 with RMSSD). In logistic regression, only RMSSD showed a significant association with moderate-to-high suicide risk (P = 0.098 with HR, P = 0.019 with RMSSD), which remained significant in subgroup analysis with patients who reported any suicide-related symptom (MINI suicidal score >0; n = 472; P = 0.017 with HR, P = 0.012 with RMSSD). Our study findings suggest the potential for resting HR and RMSSD as biomarkers for proximal suicide risk prediction. Further research with longitudinal evaluation is needed to confirm our study findings.

Skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end products and mortality in affective disorders in the lifelines cohort study: A mediation analysis

ObjectiveLife expectancy in patients suffering from affective disorders is considerably diminished. We investigated whether skin autofluorescence (SAF), indicating concentration of advanced glycation end products in the skin and oxidative stress, mediates the association between affective disorders and excess mortality. MethodsIncluded were 81,041 participants of the Lifelines cohort study. Presence of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder or social phobia was assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. SAF was assessed as mediator in Cox proportional hazards models for all-cause or natural-cause mortality. ResultsMortality was increased in cases with major depression compared to controls (36.4 vs. 22.5 per 100,000 person years). Partial mediation by SAF of the association between affective disorders and mortality was shown (9.0-10.5%, P<.001-.002), although attenuated by cardiometabolic parameters and history of physical illness. For major depressive disorder, partial mediation by 5.5-10.3% was shown (crude model: P<.001; fully adjusted model: P=.03). LimitationsThe relatively short duration of follow-up and the relatively young cohort resulted in a lack of power to detect an association between mortality and dysthymia, social phobia and two or more comorbid disorders. ConclusionEvidence of partial mediation by SAF of the association between affective disorders and all-cause and natural-cause mortality was demonstrated, although attenuated by health factors. For major depression, mediation by SAF was largest and remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic and health factors, identifying oxidative stress as possible determinant of premature death.

Screening for Depression in People with Kidney Failure.

A large proportion of patients with CKD before and after initiation of maintenance dialysis suffer from major depressive disorder, such that about 20% of those with non-dialysis CKD and 25% of those with kidney failure are affected ([1][1]). More daunting is the actuality, validated in multiple

Clinical Correlates of False Positive Assignment in Bipolar Screening Measures Across Psychiatric Diagnoses among Patients without Bipolar Disorder.

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to determine clinical correlates of false positive assignment (FPA) on commonly used bipolar screening questionnaires. MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted to a total of 3885 psychiatric outpatients. After excluding patients who have bipolar spectrum illnesses, patients who were assigned as having hypomania on the mood disorder questionnaire (MDQ) or the hypomania checklist-32 (HCL-32) were identified as patients who had FPA. Psychiatric diagnoses and severity of emotional symptoms were compared between patients with and without FPA. ResultsPatients with FPA on the MDQ showed significant associations with presence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and alcohol-use disorder, while patients with FPA on the HCL-32 showed associations with presence of panic disorder and agoraphobia. FPA on the MDQ was also associated with greater emotional symptoms and lifetime history of suicide attempts. Logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, younger age, presence of alcohol-use disorder, and severity of depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly associated with FPA on the MDQ. ConclusionThe FPA for the MDQ was associated with clinical factors linked to trait impulsivity, and the FPA for both the MDQ and the HCL-32 could be related to increased anxiety.

Changes of Phenotypic Pattern in Functional Movement Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Functional movement disorders (FMD) refer to a group of movement disorders that present with clinical characteristics incongruent to those due to established pathophysiologic processes, as for example in the case of neurodegeneration or lesions. The aim of this study was to assess clinical features that contribute to the specific phenotypic presentations and disease course of FMD.Methods: The study consisted of 100 patients with FMD treated at Clinic for Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, who were longitudinally observed. Comprehensive clinical and psychiatric assessment was performed at the baseline, when initial FMD phenotype was defined. Follow-up assessment of phenotypic pattern over the time and clinical course was done after 3.2 ± 2.5 years at average.Results: We showed that 48% of FMD patients were prone to changes of phenotypic pattern during the disease course. Dystonia had tendency to remains as single and unchanged phenotype over the time (68.2%), while patients initially presented with Tremor, Gait disorder, Parkinsonism and Mixed phenotype were more susceptible to developing additional symptoms (62.5, 50, and 100%, respectively). Higher levels of somatoform experiences (p = 0.033, Exp(B) = 1.082) and higher motor severity (p = 0.040, Exp(B) = 1.082) at baseline assessment were associated with an increased likelihood of further enriching of FMD phenotype with additional functional symptoms. Also, these patients more frequently reported pain, and had higher scores on majority of applied psychiatric scales, together with more frequent presence of major depressive disorder.Conclusion: Results from this prospective study suggested tendency for progression and enrichment of functional symptoms in FMD patients over time. Besides functional core symptoms, other key psychological and physical features (like pain or multiple somatisations) were quite relevant for chronicity and significant dysability of FMD patients.