Presence Of Human Herpesvirus 8 DNA Research Articles

The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionSeveral organs are involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disorder. The possible role of Herpesviruses have also been extensively in the development of SLE. To understand the more information about the epidemiology association between Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and SLE, we designed this study with the purpose of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the seropositivity rate and the presence of HHV-8 DNA among SLE patients in comparison to controls. MethodsA systematic literature search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases. The search was limited to the papers that were published by international authors to end of 31 October 2019. Data analysis were performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.2 (Biostat, USA). ResultsThe positive rate of HHV-8 DNA was 4.1% and 1% for the SLE and the control group, respectively. The overall prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies was estimated at 13% and 2.9% among the SLE and the control group, respectively. The pooled odds ratios (OR) from these studies was 8.06 and 4.52 based on molecular and serological methods and representing a significant association between risk of HHV-8 and SLE than in the healthy controls. According to Q statistic and the I2 index, heterogeneity was not significant for the SLE and the control group. ConclusionIn conclusion, HHV-8 prevalence was significantly high in SLE patients than healthy group based on two detection methods. Therefore, our finding suggested the possible role between HHV-8 and the development of lupus.

A case of primary effusion lymphoma with the presence of human herpesvirus-8 DNA in a pleural effusion smear

A case of primary effusion lymphoma with the presence of human herpesvirus-8 DNA in a pleural effusion smear

Human Herpes-8 virus copy to cell ratio: A diagnostic tool in primary effusion lymphoma

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a serious sequel to Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) infection in the immunosuppressed host. Usually requiring a cytological diagnosis, body cavity effusions are often referred for investigation for possible PEL. Although absence of HHV8 effectively refutes this, the presence of HHV8 DNA, though indicative is not diagnostic. Referred effusion and plasma samples from 10 patients with HHV8-related pleural and pericardial effusions were submitted for quantitative investigations. HHV8 DNA and human DNA from unseparated effusion extracts have been quantified allowing estimation of virus-to-cell ratios in effusion fluid. These ratios varied widely between 0.003 and 700. Five fluids had in excess of 106 HHV-8 DNA genome equivalents per ML (GEq/ML), ranging between 18 and 300 million GEq/ML. Four of these five effusions were from patients with cytologically proven PEL and had virus to cell (V:C) ratios between 100 and 700 to 1. The remaining high load effusion exhibited a ratio of 1.6 to 1 and came from a patient with extensive thoracic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Five effusion fluids with low viral loads exhibited virus to cell ratios between 0.003 and 0.5. High effusion HHV8 load, though supportive of a diagnosis of PEL is less accurate than using virus to cell ratios.

Prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in Iranian patients with hematological malignancies

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a gamma-herpesvirus linked causally to Kaposi’s sarcoma and many malignancies such as multicentric Castleman’s disease, primary effusion lymphoma, some lymphoproliferative diseases and post transplantation bone marrow failure. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 infection in patients with malignant hematological diseases. From September, 2009 to April, 2010, 62 patients with hematological diseases were recruited for the study. Five milliliter of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anti-coagulated peripheral blood was collected from each subject. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was tested using a real time technology for the sequences from HHV-8 ORF65. The mean age of patients was 33.9 ± 18.0 years. Four of the patients were found to be HHV-8 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive using Real time-PCR and viral prevalence was 6.5%. HHV-8 was found in 1 (25%) patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 3 (75%) patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and none was detected in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma. The results of this study show that patients with malignant hematological diseases may have HHV-8 infection, therefore, it seems that considering HHV-8 infection in patients with hematological malignancies might be beneficial. Key words: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), malignant hematological diseases, prevalence, Iran.

Detection of HHV-8 and HPV in laryngeal carcinoma

Objective In this study we aimed to investigate the presence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and methods Fifty patients operated on because of laryngeal carcinoma were included in the study. Forty-seven had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) whereas three had verrucous carcinoma. Fresh tumoral tissues, or tumoral tissues obtained from archival paraffin-embedded blocks, were examined. HHV-8 DNA and HPV DNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral genotypes of HPV were determined via the hybrid capture method. The presence of HHV-8 DNA and HPV DNA were also investigated in normal appearing laryngeal tissue collected from 50 cadavers at autopsy. Results HPV DNA was detected in seven patients (7/50; 14%) (5 out of 47 patients with SCC (5/47; 10.6%) and two out of three patients with verrucous carcinoma). HHV-8 DNA was detected in five patients and they all had SCC (5/47; 10.6%). One case had both HHV-8 and HPV DNA. None of the control samples from cadavers harbored HHV-8 DNA, or HPV DNA. There was a statistically significant correlation between HHV-8 DNA and HPV DNA positivity and laryngeal SCC (Fisher exact test; p = 0.023 for each). No statistically significant correlations were found between the presence of HHV-8 and/or HPV and age, gender, tumor stage, differentiation, the site of the tumor, smoking and alcohol use. Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that beside HPV, HHV-8 might have a role in laryngeal carcinogenesis. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the exact role of these viruses in laryngeal carcinoma.

Human herpesvirus 8 presence and viral load are associated with the progression of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma

We present the largest longitudinal study to date that examines the association between Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) disease progression and the presence and viral load of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Ninety-six men were enrolled at HIV clinics in Atlanta, Georgia, who had KS (n = 47) or were without KS but seropositive for HHV-8. Visits occurred at 6-month intervals for 2 years at which the patient's KS status was evaluated and oral fluid and blood were collected for quantification of HHV-8 DNA and antibodies. The presence of HHV-8 DNA in blood was more common (P < 0.001) and the viral load higher (P < 0.001) in men with KS in comparison with men without KS. Mean HHV-8 viral loads in blood and oral fluids were associated with disease status, being highest among patients with progressing KS, intermediate among patients with stable KS, and lowest among patients with regressing KS. Consistent with our previous report high antibody titers to HHV-8 orf 65 were inversely associated with HHV-8 shedding in oral fluid. We observed a significant association between changes in KS disease severity and the presence and viral load of HHV-8. HHV-8 viral load in blood may provide useful information to clinicians for assessment of the risk of further disease progression in patients with KS.

Human Herpesvirus-8 in Kaposi's Sarcoma of the Conjunctiva in a Patient with AIDS

To demonstrate human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) of the conjunctiva in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical observation, pathologic findings of conjunctival specimens, immunohistochemical staining for HHV-8-specific antigen, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of HHV-8 DNA, and detection of specific antibody in patient's serum at appropriate times. In the conjunctival specimen, swollen endothelial-like cells were found with slit-like vessels. CD 31-positive cells were noted on the inner surface of the slit-like vessels, and HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen was detected. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was demonstrated by PCR. Anti-HHV-8 antibody was found in the patient's serum. This is the first case report in the ophthalmology literature that provides histological, DNA, and serological evidence that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of conjunctival KS.

Presence of Human Herpesvirus 8 Is Specific to Kaposi's Sarcoma Lesion.

Background: Human herpesvirus 8(HHV8) has previously been shown to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) skin lesions in HIV-positive and negative patients. This study was designed to test, on a microscopic level, using the microdissection technique in frozen and formalin-fixed tissue, whether HHV8 DNA is specific to the KS lesion. Methods and Results: Thirty-seven evaluable KS lesions were microdissected and DNA extracted, and HHV8-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. All of the KS lesions showed a PCR product; none of the microscopically adjacent normal tissue samples showed a PCR product. One of the PCR products was sequenced, confirming the presence of HHV8 DNA. Conclusions: HHV8 was shown to be specific to the KS lesion at the microscopic level.

Cytomegalovirus and human herpesvirus 8 DNA detection in peripheral blood monocytic cells of AIDS patients: Correlations with the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma and CMV disease

To establish the effect of the presence in blood cells of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) DNA, two herpesviruses that are activated frequently in AIDS patients, were selected from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies on HIV/AIDS 181 PBMC samples from patients with and without Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and with and without CMV-related disease. The viral loads of both HHV8 and CMV were determined by real-time PCR at the time of diagnosis of AIDS. There was no significant difference in prevalence and load for CMV between the KS and non-KS patients. The variable related most strongly to KS was the presence of HHV8 DNA in PBMCs, whilst CMV DNA was related to the development of CMV disease and shortened survival. The frequency of detection of HHV8 increased when the patient presented with more severe KS symptoms at diagnosis, but detection of HHV8 DNA did not influence survival. Therefore, HHV8 and CMV DNA measured in the blood of AIDS patients, are each related mainly to the associated disease, and have no additional predictive value in these patients.

Persistent human herpesvirus 8 viremia before Kaposi's sarcoma development in a liver transplant recipient.

HHV8 DNA has been detected in essentially all Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions investigated, including those associated with transplantation. However, the possibility of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) detection in serum before appearing in the tumor is unknown. We therefore studied the natural history of HHV8 infection in a liver transplant recipient who developed KS 9 months after receiving the hepatic allograft. The presence of HHV8 DNA was retrospectively analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction in frozen stored follow-up serum specimens and KS tissues (skin and lymph node biopsies). Although KS was diagnosed the day +279 posttransplant by histopathological examination of KS tissues, retrospective analysis showed that HHV8 DNA was present in all successive serum specimens taken from the day +119 onward. Accordingly, asymptomatic and persistent HHV8 viremia may precede the appearance of typical KS lesions. Monitoring transplant recipients for HHV8 could be useful for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated malignant lymphoma in eastern Denmark diagnosed from 1990-1996: clinical features, histopathology, and association with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-8.

The clinicopathological features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphoma were investigated in a retrospective study of 85 adult patients in eastern Denmark diagnosed during the period 1990-1996. The possible pathogenetic role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in these tumours was also studied. Seventy patients (82%) presented with extranodal disease and 26 (31%) had CNS involvement at diagnosis. Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent histological subtype, comprising 65 of 79 cases available for microscopic re-evaluation (82%) and including 20 of 23 evaluable patients with CNS lymphoma (87%). EBV RNA was demonstrated by in situ hybridization in 51 of 65 evaluable tumours (79%) and in 14 of 16 cases (88%) with CNS-lymphoma. Three cases showed a T-cell phenotype. The presence of HHV-8 DNA was analysed by PCR in 32 cases. A strong band consistent with tumour cell infection was detected in only one case, weaker bands being seen in 4 cases. None of these patients had primary effusion lymphomas. In conclusion, Danish AIDS-related lymphomas are of predominantly high-grade B-cell type with extranodal localization and atypical presentation. Our results provide further evidence that EBV plays a major role in the pathogenesis of large cell AIDS-related lymphoma, whereas HHV-8 does not appear to contribute significantly to the development of solid lymphomas in this group of patients.

Danish patients with untreated multiple myeloma do not harbour human herpesvirus 8

The role of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. We examined 15 Danish MM patients before cytoreductive therapy. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates, as well as long-term cultured bone marrow stromal cells, were assayed for the presence of HHV-8 DNA. All material was tested by three simple unnested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays (amplifying regions of ORF26, ORFK1 and ORF75) and two nested PCR assays (amplifying regions of ORF26). HHV-8 was not demonstrated in any of the samples. Our findings do not suggest an association between HHV-8 and MM in the Danish population.

Detection of human herpesvirus 8 in cervicovaginal secretions and seroprevalence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive and -seronegative women.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) may be sexually transmitted. To study the potential for HHV-8 transmission through cervicovaginal (CV) secretions, the presence of HHV-8 DNA was investigated by nested polymerase chain reaction in the cellular fraction of CV secretions from 36 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive and 29 HIV-1-seronegative women. The same patients were tested for antibodies to two defined HHV-8 antigens (latency-associated nuclear antigen and open-reading frame 65-encoded structural protein) and for HHV-8 DNA in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The findings were compared with the rate of HHV-8 detection in semen samples of 20 HIV-1-infected men. HHV-8 DNA was detected in the CV samples from only 1 HHV-8-seropositive AIDS patient, in 3 PBMC samples (1/29 HIV-1-seronegative patients, 1/3 AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, and 1/19 AIDS patients), and in 1 of 20 semen samples. HHV-8 infection was more common in HIV-1-infected than uninfected women. Thus HHV-8 DNA is only rarely detectable in CV secretions and semen of HHV-8-infected individuals.

Human herpesvirus 8 encodes a homolog of interleukin-6.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal lesion that is reported to be greatly influenced by cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oncostatin M. DNA sequences of a novel human gammaherpesvirus, termed human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, have been identified in all epidemiological forms of Kaposi's sarcoma with high frequency. The presence of HHV-8 DNA is also clearly associated with certain B-cell lymphomas (body cavity-based lymphomas) and multicentric Castleman's disease. Sequence analysis of a 17-kb fragment revealed that adjacent to a block of conserved herpesvirus genes (major DNA-binding protein, glycoprotein B, and DNA polymerase), the genome of HHV-8 encodes structural homolog of IL-6. This cytokine is involved not only in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma but also in certain B-cell lymphomas and multicentric Castleman's disease. The viral counterpart of IL-6 (vIL-6) has conserved important features such as cysteine residues involved in disulfide bridging or an amino-terminal signal peptide. Most notably, the region known to be involved in receptor binding is highly conserved in vIL-6. This conservation of essential features and the remarkable overlap between diseases associated with HHV-8 and diseases associated with IL-6 disregulation clearly suggest that vIL-6 is involved in HHV-8 pathogenesis.