Presence Of High Flow Research Articles

Monitoring by an Electrochemical Integrated System the Corrosion and Antifouling Treatment on Aluminum Brass Condenser Tubes

Condenser performance and reliability have a significant impact on the electric generation of a power plant in view of the present energy market. In recent years, the detection of many failure events in condensers drove the achievement of experimental monitoring setup regarding these phenomena. About the formation of protective oxide layers growing on Cu based alloys as Aluminum brass, commonly employed in seawater, the positive role of chlorination treatments and the addition of ferrous ions was addressed. The oxide layer, reinforced with the treatment of ferrous ions, is able to avoid the on-set of localized corrosion phenomena even when seawater becomes of particular aggressiveness, as it happens in presence of high flow with Al brass. Innovative integrated equipment with electrochemical sensors specifically de-signed for industrial application and suitable to monitor the corrosion and biofilm is described.

Assessment of compliance in pulmonary arterial hypertension

The main mechanical feature of the pulmonary circulation is the ability to sustain low pressure levels even in the presence of high flow,1 thus being defined as a low resistance/high compliance system. Pulmonary hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition mainly characterized by vascular remodelling that increases right ventricular afterload, eventually leading to ventricular dysfunction.2 Most of the clinical presentation and haemodynamic behaviour is directly related to the development and progression of right heart failure. Usually, this increase in afterload is described as the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR); indeed, PVR is one of the components of the right ventricular afterload. However, the total afterload is determined by three different vascular characteristics: resistance, compliance, and impedance.3 Whilst the concept of impedance is a little more difficult to transpose to the clinical setting, once it accounts the inertial properties of blood flow, resistance and compliance can be easily assimilated, even though, in the setting of pulmonary hypertension, most of the attention has been paid to the former only. … *Corresponding author. Tel: +331 46453135, Fax: +331 46453135, Email: rgrsz{at}uol.com.br

In vivo response to vascular injury in the absence of factor IX: Examination in factor IX knockout mice

Introduction Recently, in vitro models of coagulation have called into question the traditional conception of Factor IX as an intrinsic pathway protein, essential to propagation of coagulation but not central to the initiation of hemostatic plug, which has been thought instead to involve TF/FVIIa interactions with factor X and platelets. We hypothesized that the activation of factor IX, and its role in a factor IXa/FVIIa “tenase” complex leading to thrombin generation, plays a more important role than that of TF/FVIIa complex activation of factor X in the early hemostatic response to vascular injury. In vivo modeling is possible because of the generation of factor IX −/− mice. Materials and methods We used two models of arterial vascular injury, histological examination following mechanical carotid artery disruption and intravital microscopy of a mesenteric arteriole subsequent to ferric chloride arteriolar injury to examine mice having complete deficiency of factor IX (FIX −/−). Results Both injury models demonstrate that platelet rich thrombi /hemostatic plug in FIX −/− mice is dramatically reduced as compared to wild type mice under conditions of high shear; in fact, no platelet thrombi (> 20 μm) were observed in the intravital experiments. Interestingly, the platelet defect is more striking than that described in mice lacking fibrinogen and/or von Willebrand factor. Conclusions The results suggest TF/FVIIa → FX pathway is insufficient for effective platelet aggregation in the presence of high flow, requiring factor IX at the convergence of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Following platelet adhesion, factor IX is required for normal platelet aggregation in vivo, as well as thrombin generation and propagation of occlusive thrombus at the site of vascular injury.

1114. Effectiveness of a liquid hydrogen trap in the presence of high flow rates.: V.A. Otroshshenko, Pribory i Tech. Eksper., (4), 1964, 201.

1114. Effectiveness of a liquid hydrogen trap in the presence of high flow rates.: V.A. Otroshshenko, Pribory i Tech. Eksper., (4), 1964, 201.