Presence Of Gram-negative Rods Research Articles

Studies on evaluation of Poondi Lake and its impact on bioindicator fish oreochromis niloticus

Poondi Lake, the major reservoir that supplies water for the metropolitan city Chennai should be devoid of pollution. Even though, the water is treated in prior to the supply, it is mandatory to check the quality of freshwater ecosystem in a periodic manner. Hence, this study is conducted to assess the water quality of Poondi Lake. The results suggest that even though there is presence of Gram-negative rods and Gram-positive cocci in the water and sediment levels, the colony count were under permissible levels. This ensures that the quality of water is safe and potable for humans. The proximate analysis, relative organ weight index, biomarker analysis, enzyme and protein analysis in the bio-indicator species Oreochromis niloticus confirms that the freshwater ecosystem of Poondi Lake reservoir is of good quality and the impact of pollution is less. But further analysis at the molecular level will depict the actual scenario of pollution in long term effect. To conclude, periodic assessment of fresh water ecosystem should be done to evaluate and prevent the pollution of freshwater. Even though pollution has an impact on the macromolecules, evaluating at genetic levels gives us a clear picture on the effect of pollution on fresh water biota.

Clinical characteristics of pyogenic spondylitis and psoas abscess at a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundPsoas abscess and pyogenic spondylitis are intractable diseases that require long-term treatment, but the clinical characteristics and causative organisms have not been fully investigated. Herein, we describe the clinical characteristics of these diseases and evaluate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality and the presence of gram-negative rods as causative microorganisms.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis or psoas abscesses at a tertiary hospital were included. We retrieved the clinical data (age, sex, outcome, length of hospital stay, disease, bacteria, medication, comorbidities, and treatment status), vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature), and laboratory test results (blood cell count, liver function, renal function, electrolytes, blood sugar, and C-reactive protein) of all patients. The outcomes were in-hospital deaths and positive cultures of gram-negative rods.ResultsWe analyzed 126 patients consisting of 69 (55%) men with a population mean age of 72 years. Seventy-two patients had pyogenic spondylitis and 54 had psoas abscesses. Eleven patients (8.3%) died during admission. The causative bacteria were gram-positive cocci in 63 patients (50%) and gram-negative bacteria in 19 patients (15%). The multivariate logistic model showed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.06) and cardiovascular diseases (OR 7.02, 95% CI 1.55–31.8) were associated with in-hospital mortality. Platelets less than 150,000/μL (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.02–9.65) and higher aspartic aminotransferase (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03) were associated with gram-negative rods.ConclusionsPatients with suspected psoas abscesses or pyogenic spondylitis having a high BUN level and a history of cardiovascular diseases have a higher risk of mortality.

Prescribing antibiotics in diabetic foot infection: what is the role of initial microscopy and culture of tissue samples?

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of microscopy, Gram stain and the culture of tissue samples in the antibiotic treatment of patients with diabetic foot infection. A retrospective review of patients with a diabetic foot infection was undertaken. Data analysed included the severity of infection, antibiotic prescribing patterns, microscopy and culture results. A total of 71 patients were included, from whom 114 tissue samples were collected. Gram stain results were in agreement with final culture results in 45·8% (n = 54) of samples. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the Gram stains were low (74·5% and 69·8%, respectively), although the specificity for Gram-negative rods was high (98·5%). The presence or absence of 'pus cells' on microscopy was a poor predictor of culture results. Empirical prescribing of antibiotics was in accordance with local policy in 31·1% of patients, improving to 86·8 % following culture results. Microscopy, a skilled laboratory procedure, was generally a poor predictor of tissue culture results. However, the presence of Gram-negative rods was suggestive of isolation in the culture of such organisms and could allow the early broadening of antibiotic treatment. Despite initial poor compliance of empirical antibiotic treatment regimens, prescribing was adjusted in light of culture results, suggesting these were important for clinicians.

Delayed Etiologic Diagnosis of Meningitis in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Newborn

Delayed Etiologic Diagnosis of Meningitis in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Newborn

Colibacillosis in a peacock -- a case report

Parasitological examination revealed no helminthic infection. The bird was reported to be dewormed regularly. The bird had also been protected with new castle disease vaccine and the fecal sample was reported as negative for the presence of New castle disease virus. The cultural and biochemical examination of the fecal sample revealed the presence of Gram negative rods which produced acid and gas from glucose and lactose, indole positive, methyl-red positive and hence identified as E. coli.

Enteral feeding increases sepsis in infants with short bowel syndrome

Sepsis secondary to bacterial translocation is common in infants with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Although early feeding is advocated to enhance adaptation in SBS, the effects of feeding on sepsis in SBS patients have not been examined. Twenty-one infants and children (aged 2 months to 3 years) with SBS (<80 cm small bowel length) from a variety of causes (15 necrotizing enterocolitis, 2 atresia, 2 gastroschisis, 2 volvulus) had follow-up prospectively for septic episodes before and after feedings were initiated, while still receiving total parenteral nutrition. The incidence and number of septic episodes and microbiology (blood cultures) were tabulated and compared with those of 20 patients with similar ages, and diagnoses without SBS. Statistically significant differences among infants with SBS were noted with respect to sepsis incidence (6 of 21 [29%] NPO v 16 of 21 [76%] feeding) number of septic episodes (1.3 ± .2 NPO v 4.2 ± .4 feeding), and presence of gramnegative rods causing bacteriemia (1 of 6 [17%] NPO v 13 of 16 [81%] feeding) (all: P < .05). There were similar differences between SBS and non-SBS infants. These data show that enteral feeding increases the incidence and number of episodes of sepsis in SBS infants, but not in matched non-SBS patients. The predominance of gram-negative organisms in sepsis in SBS suggests increased gut bacterial translocation in these patients, implying that selective gut decontamination may reduce the episodes of bacteremia.

Multivariate study of enterobacteria and Pseudomonas in saliva of patients with acute leukemia

The effect of antibacterial treatment on the prevalence of gram-negative rods (enterobacteria and Pseudomonas) in the mouths of patients with leukemia was studied. Of the patients' salivary samples, 45% contained gram-negative rods compared with 12% in a control group of healthy persons. The antibacterial resistance patterns of gram-negative rods from healthy persons were different from those of the hospitalized patients. No relationship was found between the amount of antibacterial treatment and presence of gram-negative rods. The gram-negative rods recovered from individual patients were usually not resistant to the antibacterial agents given to the patients in question. Only a few patients harbored the same clone of a gram-negative rod for a lengthy period. The resistance patterns of these clones of gram-negative rods were similar to those of gram-negative rods that were transient in the mouth. It was concluded that resistance to antibacterial agents is not a factor of major importance for the capacity of the gram-negative rods to become established in the mouths of hospitalized patients with leukemia.

The ecology of the ciliate fauna of Hobson's Brook, a Cambridgeshire chalk stream.

Summary: An investigation has been carried out into the association between ciliate Protozoa and bacteria in a chalk stream. The ciliates are discussed in the present paper. In general, the largest number of ciliate species and individual species were associated with a growth of green or blue-green filamentous algae. A zonation in the distribution of species along the length of the stream was observed, and particular species were found to undergo cyclical variations in the numbers of individuals. Though there was no correlation between total bacterial numbers and total numbers of ciliates present at any time, the highest bacterial numbers occurred when diatom-eating ciliates were dominant. Statistical analysis showed that the presence of Gram-negative rods in the bacterial flora was correlated with the presence of bacteria-eating ciliates. Gram-positive rods, on the other hand, were correlated with the presence of diatom-eating ciliates. The bacterial flora of the stream was in part determined from that of the surrounding soil. The periods of abundance of ciliates seemed to be related to weather conditions, since ciliates were found to increase in numbers after heavy rain or during prolonged droughts when the banks tended to crumble. Various observations suggest that the ciliate faunas of soil and brook are largely identical. The addition of a small quantity of a broth culture of a micrococcus isolated from the brook to cultures of soil ciliates in soil-extract hay-infusion medium led to a rapid multiplication of ciliates.