Presence Of External Root Resorption Research Articles

Relationship of Oral Pathologies Associated with Second Molars to the Patterns of Adjacent Impacted Third Molar

Objective: To assess the relationship of oral pathologies associated with second molars to the patterns of adjacent impacted third molar. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 385 Orthopantomograms (OPG) of patients. The study was conducted in the Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore, Sharif Medical and Dental College (SMDC) and Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) over a period of three months from December 2020 to February 2021. The Pell and Gregory classification was used for depth of third molar impaction and ramus relationship of mandibular third molars. Winter`s classification was used for classifying the angle of impaction. Results: The association between presence of caries (p=≤0.001) and external resorption (p=≤0.001) in second mandibular molar with depth of impaction of adjacent an impacted third molar, ramus relationship of third molar with presence of external root resorption in second molar (p=≤0.001) and presence of caries (p=0.005), periapical radiolucencies (p=0.009) and external root resorption (p=≤0.001) in second molar with the angle of impacted third molar were significant. The association of presence of caries, pericoronal, periapical radiolucencies and external root resorption in the maxillary second molars with the depth and angle of adjacent impacted third molars was not significant. Conclusion: The carious lesions were the highest where the third molar had class A depth of impaction while the maximum external resorption was seen where the third molar had class C depth of impaction. Second mandibular molars adjacent to impacted third molars in class 2 ramus relationship had the most external root resorption. It was seen that second molars adjacent to the impacted third molars with mesioangular impactions had the highest percentage of caries and periapical radiolucencies while those adjacent to third molars with horizontal angle of impaction showed the maximum external root resorption. Keywords: Second molars, impacted third molars, pericoronal radiolucency, periapical radiolucency, external root resorption, caries

External root resorption in common odontogenic cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw: A retrospective radiographic study in an Asian population

AbstractAimTo evaluate the frequency of external root resorption on adjacent teeth of common cysts and ameloblastomas of the jaw in an Asian population and to investigate the association of size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential.Material and methodsA retrospective radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to examine the frequency of external root resorption (ERR) of teeth in proximity of 160 lesions comprising periapical radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas was carried out. Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate differences in the frequency of ERR of teeth adjacent to these lesions and to assess the association of the size or location of the lesions on such root resorption potential.Results and conclusionsThere were 40% of lesions located in the maxilla and 60% in the mandible. Adjacent teeth ERR was noted in 61 (38.1%) lesions. Compared with odontogenic keratocysts, ameloblastomas were eight times more likely (p = 0.005) and dentigerous cysts were three times more likely (p = 0.028) to be associated with ERR after adjusting for the size and location of the lesion. Location and size of a lesion did not influence the prevalence of adjacent teeth ERR. The four types of lesions studied exhibit different frequencies of ERR in adjacent teeth. Based on this study, the presence of ERR in adjacent teeth is a useful supportive measure in the diagnosis of these lesions.

Relationship between the Position of Impacted Third Molars and External Root Resorption of Adjacent Second Molars: A Retrospective CBCT Study.

Background and objectives: Impacted third molars (ITM) are the most commonly-impacted teeth. There is a risk for ITM to cause a number of pathological conditions, and external root resorption (ERR) of adjacent teeth is one of the most prevalent. Retaining or prophylactic extraction of ITM is a polemic topic. External root resorption of adjacent teeth is one of possible indications for prophylactic removal of ITM. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between external root resorption (ERR) on the distal aspect of second molars’ roots and positional parameters of ITM. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography scans of 109 patients (41 males, 68 females; mean age 26.4 ± 7.9 years) with 254 ITM (131 in the maxilla and 123 in the mandible) were retrospectively analyzed. Positional parameters of ITM (mesio-distal position, angulation, impaction depth, and available eruption space) were evaluated. The presence, location, and depth of ERR of adjacent second molars were assessed. Results: Analysis showed a relationship between ITM impaction depth, mesial inclination angle, and the presence of ERR. Mesial inclination angle of more than 13.6° increased the odds of ERR occurrence by 5.439 (95% CI, 2.97–9.98). ITM presence at the level of ½ of roots of the adjacent second molar or more apically increased the odds of ERR occurrence by 2.218 (95% CI, 1.215–4.048). No significant correlation was detected between the occurrence of ERR and patient age, gender, or the available eruption space in the mandible. Depth of ERR did not depend on its location. Conclusions: Incidence of ERR in second molars is significantly associated with mesial inclination and a deep position of ITM.

Risk factors for root resorption of second molars associated with impacted mandibular third molars

External root resorption (ERR) affecting mandibular second molars (M2) may occur when the adjacent third molar (M3) is impacted in close proximity. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the presence, severity, and location of ERR on M2 due to M3 using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and to identify associated factors. The angle between the axis of M2 and M3 was measured. ERR on M2 was classified as absent, slight, moderate, or severe. The location of contact between M3 and M2, the size of the dental follicle, and patient demographic characteristics were recorded. A total of 433 patients with 640 M3 were included. A male predilection was found with regard to ERR (P=0.0004). ERR was identified on 31.9% of M2 and was slight in 30.2%, moderate in 1.4%, and severe in 0.3% of cases. The presence of ERR was associated with direct contact between M2 and M3 (P<0.0001), the angle between M2 and M3 (P<0.0001), the inclination of M3 (P=0.001), and the location of contact (P=0.0005). This study showed ERR to be a frequent finding. ERR is associated with a mesioangular position of M3 in more than one third of cases, and a proximity ≤0.5mm between M2 and M3 favours ERR.

What Are the Risk Factors for External Root Resorption of Second Molars Associated With Impacted Third Molars? A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

In relation to an impacted third molar, which is the most frequently impacted tooth, external root resorption (ERR) or dental caries can be seen on the distal surface of the adjacent secondmolar. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for ERR in secondmolars associated with impacted third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In this cross-sectional study, the presence of ERR on the adjacent secondmolar was investigated retrospectively on sagittal and axial CBCT slices of patients who underwent CBCT examination for diagnostic reasons (surgical removal of third molars, orthodontic assessments, and so on) between 2013 and 2017 at the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. The primary outcome variable was ERR (yes or no). Predictor variables included demographic (age and gender) and radiographic (impacted tooth angulation and tooth type) parameters. Given that there are multiple observations per patient (1 to 4 impacted teeth), 1 third molar per patient was selected at random for study inclusion. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Pearson χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for ERR in secondmolars. The Cohen κ test was used to test intraobserver agreement. The significance level was set at P<.05. Two hundred patients were analyzed, and of the 200 impacted third molars evaluated, 42 (21%) showed ERR. The severity of resorption increased with aging (P<.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that tooth type and inclination of the third molars could predict the occurrence of ERR associated with an impacted third molar (P<.05). Mesioangular and horizontal inclinations and impacted mandibular third molars posed a greater risk of ERR lesions in adjacent secondmolars than other inclinations (distoangular and vertical) and maxillary third molars.

Factors Associated to Apical Root Resorption after Orthodontic Treatment.

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the possible factors associated to root resorption, common to daily clinical orthodontics, especially parafunctional habits.Methods:A retrospective study of 600 patients (308 females and 292 males) previously treated orthodontically was conducted. The sample was divided into two groups related to the degree of root resorption at the ending of treatment according to Malmgren. Group 1 comprised 507 patients with a mean initial age of 14.21 years and who had absent or mild final external root resorption, characterized by grades 0, 1 and 2 of root resorption; Group 2 comprised 93 patients with initial mean age of 14.57 years and who had moderate or severe root resorption, characterized by grade 3 and 4. The groups were then compared in terms of age at the beginning and ending of the treatment, treatment time, gender, type of treatment (with and without extractions), parafunctional habits (bruxism, onychophagia, the habit of biting objects, tongue thrusting habit and thumb sucking habit), allergies and pretreatment root resorption.Results:The results show that the initial age, gender, type of malocclusion, parafunctional habits and allergies do not represent a statistically significant risk of root resorption.Conclusion:Treatment time and type (with and without extractions) and the presence of external root resorption at the beginning of the treatment showed significant differences.

External root resorption of second molars caused by impacted third molars: an observational study in panoramic radiographs

Abstract Objective This research investigate the presence of external root resorption (ERR) in second molars caused by impacted third molars in panoramic radiographs, relating to the position of third molars according to classification of Winter, Pell and Gregory. Material and method A cross-sectional, retrospective study using panoramic radiographs obtained from January 2014 to December 2015. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Pearson's Chi-Square Test and Fisher's Exact Test (p≤0.05) were performed. Result The sample consisted of 584 panoramic radiographs, 356 (60.95%) of women, and 228 (39.05%) of men, the mean age was 25.31 years. The prevalence of ERR was 12.5%, and the group of 14-24 year olds was the most affected (p = 0.46). The presence of ERR was statistically higher in the mandible (42.1%) with p=0.01. The ERR located in the cervical (57.1%) and medium (58.8%) thirds was proportionally higher in the teeth with B2 (p=0.02) and mesio-angular positions (p=0.26). Conclusion The prevalence of ERR in second molars, caused by impacted third molars, was shown to be similar to results found in the literature, with no gender preference, this affects young patients, occurring frequently in mandible teeth, and presents greater severity in the cervical and middle thirds. The B2 and mesio-angular positions were more prone to ERR.

Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACTAimThis study was designed to compare the efficiency of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) with panoramic radiography to discern external root resorption (ERR) in second molars.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study with a sample size of 50 participants who had a total of 120 impacted third molars visible on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The presence of ERR on the neighboring second molar was assessed and the position of impacted third molar was determined using Pell and Gregory classification. The ERR was registered according to Al-Khateeb and Bataineh's criteria. The location and severity were assessed by Ericson et al criteria, and grading of ERR was done as per the criteria given by Nemcovsky.ResultsThe CBCT was able to locate and identify extremely large number of cases with ERR on second molars in comparison with the panoramic radiographs. Based on Pell and Gregory classification, position B was most common. The ERR on second molars was most commonly seen at the cervical region. Most of the cases had mild severity. As per grading mentioned by Nemcovsky, maximum number of cases were given grade A followed by grade B.ConclusionAccording to our study and considering the threedimensional information obtained from CBCT, we found that ERR was better detected with CBCT.Clinical significanceIf on panoramic radiographs, a close contact is detected between the second molar and an impacted third molar, CBCT can be advised taking into account the “risk vs reward ratio.”How to cite this articleD'Costa ZV, Ahmed J, Ongole R, Shenoy N, Denny C, Binnal A. Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2017;8(4):281-287.

Mesial Inclination of Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to Stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars—A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation

To investigate the presence of external root resorption (ERR) in second molars adjacent to horizontally and mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars by cone-beam computed tomography. In addition, patient characteristics (age and gender) and third molar depth were correlated with the presence of ERR. The sample consisted of 116 scans (58 acquired on the i-CAT Classic and 58 on the Picasso-Trio) of 70 women and 46 men (mean age, 23.7 yr). Two observers recorded the presence of ERR in the second molars, inclination and depth of third molars in relation to bone and soft tissues, third molars classification according to Pell and Gregory, and location and severity of ERR. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney test, and χ(2) test. The κ test was used to analyze intraobserver agreement. The overall prevalence of ERR was 49.43%. There were no statistically significant differences in the detection of ERR by gender, images from the 2 devices, or third molar inclination (P > .05). The κ test showed excellent reproducibility values (κ = 0.7778). There was a smaller proportion of affected patients 14 to 24 years old and ERR in teeth adjacent to Class C third molars. Mesially inclined third molars (mesioangular and horizontal) have a greater potential of being associated with ERR in second molars, which was shown by the high prevalence of the condition in the overall sample. Class A and B third molars in patients older than 24 years were more associated with the presence of ERR in adjacent teeth.

Mass spectrometry analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in the presence of external root resorption

In this study, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to investigate the differences in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid between resorbing deciduous molars and nonresorbing permanent teeth. The main goal was to identify novel biomarkers associated with root resorption. Eleven children (4 boys, 7 girls) in the mixed dentition were selected to participate in this split-mouth design study, in which a deciduous secondmolar with radiographic evidence of root resorption served as the experimental site, and the permanent first molar on the contralateral quadrant was the control site. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using absorbing strips. A total of 22 samples (11 root resorption, 11 control) were each analyzed with 1-dimensional LC-MS. The remaining samples were then pooled across the 11 patients and analyzed by 2-dimensional LC-MS. The output files were converted to mascot generic format, which can be used to perform protein identification with conventional search engines. The 2-dimensional LC-MS protocol was able to identify 2789 and 2421 proteins in the control and resorption pooled samples, respectively. In this population, we detected significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins in the teeth with root resorption. Interestingly, many of these proteins are characteristically found in exosomes. We identified novel proteins that might prove to be useful biomarkers of root resorption, individually or as part of a panel.

External Root Resorption of the Second Molar Associated With Third Molar Impaction: Comparison of Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography

The aim of the present study was to compare panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the assessment of external root resorption (ERR) of second molars associated with impacted third molars. In addition, the prevalence of ERR in second molars and the inclinations of the third molars more associated with ERR were investigated in both imaging methods. The sample consisted of 66 individuals with maxillary and mandibular impacted third molars (n = 188) seen on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The presence of ERR on the adjacent second molar was investigated, and the position of the third molar was determined using Winter's classification (vertical, horizontal, mesioangular, distoangular, and transverse). Statistical analysis was performed using the χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, and 2-proportion Z test (the significance level was set at 5%). A significantly greater number of cases of ERR (P < .0001) was diagnosed from CBCT images (n = 43, 22.88%) than panoramic radiographs (n = 10, 5.31%). The agreement between the panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans for diagnosing ERR was 4.3%. Mandibular third molars in mesioangular and horizontal inclinations were more likely to cause resorption of the adjacent teeth. CBCT should be indicated for the diagnosis of ERR in second molars when direct contact between the mandibular second and third molars has been observed on panoramic radiographs, especially in mesioangular or horizontal impactions. Furthermore, considering the propensity of these teeth to cause ERR in second molars, third molar prophylactic extraction could be suggested.

Evaluation of Correspondence of Dental Computed Tomography Imaging to Anatomic Observation of External Root Resorption

Radiography using a compact dental CT, the 3D Accuitomo XYZ Slice View Tomograph (3D Accuitomo), was performed for examining the root resorption of a mandibular premolar in a patient who needed endodontic therapy. The images obtained by the 3D Accuitomo clearly showed the apparent presence of external root resorption of the tooth. As the root resorption had progressed seriously, the diagnosis was that it was impossible to save the tooth. After having obtained informed consent from the patient, the tooth was extracted. The surface of the root of the extracted tooth was examined visually without magnification, and the observations were compared with the findings made by 3D Accuitomo imaging for evaluating the reliability of the dental CT for diagnostic imaging of root resorption. The radiographic and visual examination results corresponded completely. Thus the 3D Accuitomo depicted the aspects of root resorption accurately; and its application for clinical use should be very effective for examining and diagnosing root resorption.

Open-Bite Malocclusion, Its Causes and Treatment

In relation to an impacted third molar, which is the most frequently impacted tooth, external root resorption (ERR) or dental caries can be seen on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for ERR in second molars associated with impacted third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).In this cross-sectional study, the presence of ERR on the adjacent second molar was investigated retrospectively on sagittal and axial CBCT slices of patients who underwent CBCT examination for diagnostic reasons (surgical removal of third molars, orthodontic assessments, and so on) between 2013 and 2017 at the Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey. The primary outcome variable was ERR (yes or no). Predictor variables included demographic (age and gender) and radiographic (impacted tooth angulation and tooth type) parameters. Given that there are multiple observations per patient (1 to 4 impacted teeth), 1 third molar per patient was selected at random for study inclusion. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Pearson χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for ERR in second molars. The Cohen κ test was used to test intraobserver agreement. The significance level was set at P < .05.Two hundred patients were analyzed, and of the 200 impacted third molars evaluated, 42 (21%) showed ERR. The severity of resorption increased with aging (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that tooth type and inclination of the third molars could predict the occurrence of ERR associated with an impacted third molar (P < .05).Mesioangular and horizontal inclinations and impacted mandibular third molars posed a greater risk of ERR lesions in adjacent second molars than other inclinations (distoangular and vertical) and maxillary third molars.