Presence Of Diastema Research Articles

Prevalence and Pattern of Labial Frenal Attachments in Adult Nigerians - a Pilot Study

Introduction The frenum is a band of mucous membrane which connects the lips and cheeks to the alveolar mucosa, underlying periosteum, or the gingiva with a primary function of stabilizing the lips and tongue. There are variations of frenal attachment and morphologies, some associated with health, others resulting to loss of periodontium. This study therefore aims to assess the various attachments and morphologies within our study population. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba among participants who reported to both clinics. Convenience sampling method was employed in participants’ selection, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection and documentation of socio-demographic variables, and findings of intra-oral examination. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Health Research Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27. P values < 0.05 were statistically significant. Results The study comprised 337 participants, 203 (60.2%) were females. Mean age was 34.6±15.2 years. The frenal attachment distribution in the maxilla was mucosal 204 (60.5%), gingival 105 (31.2%), papillary 23 (6.8%), and papillary penetrating 5 (1.5%);while in the mandible, 233 (69.1%), 92 (27.3%), 9 (2.7%) and 3 (0.9%) presented with mucosal, gingival, papillary, and papillary penetrating frenal attachment respectively. Simple frenum was the most prevalent frenum morphology in the maxilla [328 (97.3%)] and the mandible [321 (95.2%)], followed by trifid frenum in both maxilla [5 (1.5%)] and mandible [4 (1.2%)]. Diastema was present in 27.6% in maxilla and 11.0% in the mandible. Conclusion In this study, mucosal type was predominant among all age groups. Males presented more with gingival and mucosal type of frenal insertion, while females presented more with papillary type of frenal insertion. Papillary and/or papillary penetrating were significantly associated with the presence of diastema.

UPPER LIP FRENECTOMY IN A PEDIATRIC DENTAL PATIENT: Clinical case report of a ten-year-old patient from the city of Mato Verde - MG

Lip brakes have the function of limiting the movement of the lips, stabilizing the midline and inhibiting accentuated gingival exposure. The superior labial frenulum is a fold composed of mucous membrane and fibrous tissue. It is attached on one side to the inside of the upper lips and on the other side to the gums in the middle of the jaw. The objective of this study was to report a case of upper lip frenectomy in a pediatric dentistry patient. This is a study with a qualitative approach with a descriptive/observational objective. A survey was carried out in the municipality of Mato Verde-MG at Faculdade Verde Norte (FAVENORTE). A ten-year-old male patient was taken by the guardian to the dental clinic at Faculdade Verde Norte - FAVENORTE, with the following main complaint: “Large space in the front teeth”. After anamnesis, it was found that the patient had no systemic changes. On clinical examination, the presence of diastema between the permanent upper central incisors and a wide and voluminous upper labial frenulum was observed during the upper laboratory treatment. The treatment was surgical removal: Frenectomy using the Modified Archer Technique. In the case reported, it was demonstrated that the surgical technique was performed successfully, where the repositioning of the labial frenulum and new reinsertion were observed, promoting an improvement in the patient's quality of life.

Retrospective Clinical Analysis of the Effectiveness of Skeletally Anchored Appliances for Maxillary Expansion

(1) Background: Skeletally anchored appliances for maxillary expansion are a less invasive alternative to surgery and are increasingly often selected as a method of treatment. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of maxillary expansion using distractors supported by temporary orthodontic implants (TOIs) in patients of differing sex and age. (2) Methods: The study group consisted of patients treated with distractors anchored to TOIs between July 2019 and June 2022. The group was divided into adolescent and the adult patients. Effectiveness was evaluated one and two weeks after installation of the distractors and the results were analyzed statistically. (3) Results: In total, 39 patients were treated, of which 21 were women and 18 men, ranging in age from 11 to 42. A group of 8 girls and 9 boys younger than 18 years were included. The presence of diastema at the first follow-up visit was observed in all girls and in 8 of the boys, as well as in 7 women and in none of the men. At the second visit, no diastema was found in one woman, but was noted in 3 men (p = 0.007). At the completion of distraction, diastema was observed in all the girls and in 12 women, as well as in 8 out of 9 boys and in 3 men (p = 0.015). (4) Conclusions: The effectiveness of the distraction procedure in adolescents is positive, regardless of sex. However, in adults, the procedure has limited effectiveness in males.

Cierre de diastemas múltiples mediante el uso de resina universal Omnichroma. Reporte de caso clínico

The presence of diastemas is one of the most common aesthetic complaints among patients. The use of composite resins is a good aesthetic and functional option to perform restorations and implement restorative techniques in a minimally invasive way. The resin layering technique was introduced in 1980, giving very good results in color selection, but being the most complex procedure and requiring great technical skills in addition to an increase in clinical time. Composite materials and restorative techniques that aid in the simplified use of clinical protocols are highly sought after by dentists to reduce chair time and minimize post-operative sensitivity. It is for these reasons, in addition to simplifying shade taking, that Tokuyama Dental developed Omnichroma resin which claims to have the ability to copy the color of the remaining tooth substrate shortly after light curing known as the “Chameleon Effect” using a single shade. The objective of this article is to describe in detail, through a clinical case report, the closure of diastemas with Tokuyama Dental's Omnichroma universal resin.

Single Anterior Tooth Replacement By Maryland Bridge With Loop Connector: A Case Report

Restoring a single missing tooth in the mandibular anterior region is often a great concern to the dentist because it requires unnecessary removal of healthy abutment tooth structure. Also because of the drifting of the teeth may reduce the available pontic space or presence of diastema before can result in excessive mesiodistal space which again compromises the aesthetics. When the patients demand more conservative and less invasive treatment options, a combination of Maryland Bridge with a loop connector may be the best alternative option to restore the missing teeth whenever the diastema is present. It is the modification of resin bonded FPD which offers a simple solution when the above dilemma is present. It consists of a loop on the lingual aspect, joining the pontic in the center, and then attaches to the wing retainer on the abutment tooth. This case report provides a straightforward and innovative method for the fabrication of modified resin bonded FPD along with maintaining diastema.

FACIAL AND DENTAL STATUS OF A HUMAN WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA

Objective. It is necessary to characterize the state of the dentoalveolar system in case of connective tissue dysplasia at different person's life age periods. Materials and methods. The study involved 200 people with odontogenic pathology. They were diagnosed with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). All of examinated were divided into 2 equal groups with CTD and without CTD, each into 5 equal subgroups of 30 people, according to age: 15-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years. A comprehensive assessment of CTD determination was carried out using diagnostic tables, including non-syndromic forms, in accordance with the total value (+17 or more) of diagnostic coefficients, calculated using the Kullback criteria. Results. The study of phenotypic, facial signs and dysplastic stigmas in the mouth at different ages with connective tissue dysplasia revealed a close relationship of facial, dental and odontological signs at 15-20, 21-30 years old. The most common dysplastic stigmas at a young age are malocclusion, violation of the teeth shape and position. This scientific fact can be explained by the phenomenon of doubt. Doubt is the accumulation of parents and the emergence of new dysplastic phenomena in the maxillofacial area. At the same time, the presented changes in the mouth indicate a violation of the harmony and architectonics of the dentoalveolar apparatus, associated with the general processes of ossification and development of organs and tissues of the mouth, which occur in combination with large stigmas. Conclusions. A comprehensive examination of the maxillofacial region in patients with connective tissue dysplasia revealed a wide variety of dysplastic changes at 15-20, 21-30 years old: curvature of the spine, arachnodactyly, gothic palate, violation of bite, shape and position of teeth, the presence of diastemas, in contrast from groups 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years old, where these signs were found in single observations. Age-related variability of the studied morphometric and odontological parameters of teeth 3.8, 4.8, showed a pronounced variability at 15-20, 21-30 years with connective tissue dysplasia.

Clinical Efficacy of Conventional and Diode Laser-Assisted Frenectomy in Patients with Different Abnormal Frenulum Insertions: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to assess the recurrence of frenulum attachment and clinical parameters following conventional and diode laser-assisted frenectomy in patients with abnormal frenulum insertions. Material and methods: The records of 429 patients who underwent maxillary labial frenectomy between 2016 and 2018 were screened. A total of 70 records were included and evaluated based on gender, age, frenulum type, presence of diastema, periodontal disease, and surgical technique. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were evaluated at baseline and 6 weeks postoperatively. Recurrence was determined by assessing the alteration in the distance from the frenulum attachment to the mucogingival junction (FMGJ) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months. Results: Out of 70 patients (female/male 47/23; age 35.24 ± 11.69 years), 32.9% presented gingival, 38.6% papillary, and 28.6% papilla-penetrating frenulum attachments. Clinical parameters and mean FMGJ values between the conventional (n = 36) and diode laser (n = 34) groups demonstrated no differences at baseline (p > 0.05). PI and GI were significantly higher in the conventional group (p < 0.001), whereas PD was similar (p > 0.05) at 6 weeks. No recurrence was observed in any of the patients at the sixth week. Moreover, 31 participants in the conventional group and 33 participants in the diode-laser group, a total of 64 patients (91.43%), did not present recurrence after 12 months. Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, considering the absence of recurrence in all types of abnormal frenulum insertions in both treatment groups, it was concluded that the diode laser could be used effectively as an alternative to the conventional frenectomy technique.

A Comparative Study on the Perception of Dental Esthetics of Laypersons and Dental Students

Abstract Introduction: Esthetic dentistry aims to create a harmonious smile that is well integrated with the facial architecture of the patient. A good understanding of the patient’s esthetic perception is important when designing a smile. Materials and methods: 106 subjects, 51 patients 54 dental students took part in the study. Each subject was asked to evaluate 10 pictures showing frontal aspect of real cases. They were asked to rate the aesthetics of the clinical cases on a scale from 1 to 5. An open question was associated with each picture, where the subjects were asked to describe what they like and what they do not like about the picture. Results and discussions: The overall mean esthetic rating of dental students was 2,68, while the laypersons’ rating was 2,98. Crowded teeth are more often criticized by patients, while dental students consider that slight crowding give a more natural appearance and individualize the teeth. The presence of diastema is observed by dental students even when it is discrete. The discrepancy between maxillary and mandibular dental midline is more easily observed by dental students. Discolored teeth lead to low aesthetic scores for both groups of subjects. Dental students gave lower esthetic scores to restorations with uniform colour, while laypersons appreciate white restorations. The limited height of papillae is considered unattractive by dental students, while laypersons hardly notice this aspect. Conclusions: This study showed several differences in the aesthetic perception of dental students and laypersons. Students were generally more critical and gave lower scores than laypersons. They also observed and criticized more aspects regarding the smile.

Evaluation of variations in morphology and attachment of frenum in diverse population - A cross-sectional study

BackgroundFrenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. It also has septomaxillary ligament that transmits septal growth force to premaxilla. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome or can cause severe mucogingival problems and prevalence of unaesthetic diastema. ObjectiveSo, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the variations in morphology and attachment of Frenum in diverse population. Materials and methodsThe present cross-sectional study enrolled 400 patients comprising both males and females within the age group of 20–40 years. The frenal attachment was recorded according to the classification by Mirko et al. (1974) and Sewerin (1971). The data was arranged in a tabulated form and analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used for the analysis of the data. ResultsAround 61.3%, 30.3%,26.7% of the population in age group 20–30 showed gingival, papillary, papilla penetrating type of frenal attachment respectively. Presence of diastema was seen in 63.6% of female population and 36.4% in male population. ConclusionIt can be concluded that the type of frenal attachment varies with the ethnicity of the population and that diastema is more prevalent amongst females with papilla penetrating type of frenal attachment.

Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships.

BackgroundDental disease is a troublesome health concern in alpacas. Specifically, the occurrence of tooth root abscesses has been described in veterinary literature. Nevertheless, no objective prevalence data are available for dental disorders in alpacas.Hypothesis/objectivesTo determine the prevalence of dental disorders in alpaca herds in Belgium and the Netherlands. To study the associations between the different dental disorders encountered in alpacas.AnimalsA total of 228 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) originating from 25 farms.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. Dental disorders were diagnosed by dental examination of sedated animals using a dental mirror or a portable rigid oroscope.ResultsAt the animal level, 82% (n = 187) had dental disorders of which 74.6, 41.7, and 3.9% were cheek teeth, incisor disorders, and canine disorders, respectively. At the level of the cheek teeth, diastemata (43.1%) were most common, followed by wear abnormalities (WA; 39.6%) and periodontal disease (PD; 33.3%). A significant association was detected between the presence of diastemata and PD (odds ratio [OR], 13.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6‐27.7; P < .001). Pulp exposure was significantly associated with the presence of diastemata (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.8‐51.5; P < .001), PD (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.1‐25.3; P < .001) and WA (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2‐7.4; P = .002).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceDental disorders are highly prevalent in alpacas in Belgium and the Netherlands. Several dental disorders in alpacas had significant associations. To prevent the development of advanced stages of dental disease, routine dental examinations are advised to allow early detection and prompt treatment.

Anterior rehabilitation involving dental bleaching, frenectomy and composite resin: a case report

ABSTRACT This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient dissatisfied with the esthetics of the smile due to the presence of narrow teeth, yellow and the presence of diastema between teeth 11 and 21. Clinical examination revealed absence of the disocclusion guides. The treatment plan consisted in obtaining study casts, assembly in a semi-adjustable articulator and diagnostic waxing, to evaluate the possibilities of a restorative treatment. After the approved the viability of the procedure, dental bleaching was started in-office with 38% hydrogen peroxide associated with at-home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide, in order to reduce the yellowing of the teeth. Afterwards, the functional evaluation of the restorative procedure was carried out through the prior preparation of the mock-up. After functional approval of the mock-up, lip frenectomy was performed, since the frenulum is the cause of the diastema between the teeth 11 and 21. After 4 weeks was carried out the restorative procedure of teeth 13 to 23, with direct composite resin, improving the aesthetics of the smile and restoring the disocclusion guides.

INTEGRATION BETWEEN DENTISTRY AND PERIODONTICS IN SEARCH FOR SMILE HARMONIZATION IN A CASE OF MULTIPLE DIASTEMAS

The presence of diastema in the anterior teeth has high clinical relevance, since it negatively affects the aesthetics of the smile, bringing damages in several areas of the patient's life. When these diastemas are caused by the abnormal insertion of the upper lip frenulum and by the presence of microdent, the aesthetic and functional resolution of the case is simple and highly effective, considering minimally invasive frenoplasty techniques and direct restoration using the stratification technique employng composite resins for the closing of these spaces. The present article aims to show the integration between dental specialties in the treatment of multiple diastema, reporting the diagnosis, the analysis of the treatment of choice as well as the techniques that were used. The execution of the multidisciplinary work provided quite satisfactory results, concluding that the success of the treatment depends on the integration of the specialties, promoting the reestablishment of the function and the aesthetics of the smile in an efficient way.

Predictibility and aesthetics in the anterior sector

Introduction: Today the aesthetic demand in dentistry occupies the first places in terms of consultation needs in the dental office, that is why, as providers of dental health services, we are obliged to offer treatment options that meet standards of quality, functionality, aesthetics, predictability among other things and that are available to different social levels4. There are techniques that supported by elements such as Digital Smile Design (DSD) 9, wax up and mockup5 offer excellent, predictable aesthetic results, with the option of choosing different materials that are available to all our patients from composite resin to better than we find today; the porcelain clinical case: A 25-year-old female patient who goes to a dental office for teeth whitening, when diagnosing the case, the presence of diastema was observed in the upper centers, as well as anomalies regarding aesthetic smile parameters such as pigmentation, proportions , incisal edge line, among other things. Diagnostic waxing, mockup and photographs were performed to evaluate the result. The treatment plan consisted of 6 resin veneers made with the fluid resin injection technique through a transparent silicone matrix (Flow injection technique). RESULTS: The prognosis of the case is considered favorable, taking into account that the treatment with Resins is not definitive, however functional and aesthetic results were achieved properly. Conclusions: There are several treatment alternatives for the solution of aesthetic problems, which adapt to the possibilities of each patient, the mockup is a necessary tool for obtaining predictable treatments. The fluid resin injection technique is a good aesthetic and functional treatment, which sometimes does not require the minimum wear of the teeth to be treated.

Esthetic Perception of Various Forms of Anterior Diastemas during Smiling

Abstract Introduction Midline diastema is a common esthetic problem in mixed and permanent dentition. It is considered attractive in some cultures and unattractive in others. Aim The aim of this study is to compare the perceptions of anterior diastema by dental students and laypersons. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 100 undergraduate students of Bhojia Dental College (n = 50) and Bhojia Nursing College (n = 50), Himachal Pradesh, India. A self-prepared questionnaire was given, which consisted of two parts: first part had personal details (name, age, sex, knowledge of diastema) and the second part contained an edited photograph of a patient who had reported to the Department of Orthodontics, Bhojia Dental College, with the chief complaint of midline diastema. The photographs were modified by photoediting software and arranged according to the previous studies on anterior diastema by Frush and Fisher, Lombardi, and Simian. A visual analog scale with scores 1–4 (1, most attractive; 2, attractive; 3, less attractive; 4, least attractive) was used to rank these photographs by the students. Comparison between various variables was made by using chi-squared test. Results Smile attractiveness from the most to the least attractive was Simian &gt; Frush and Fisher &gt; Lombardi &gt; midline diastema among both dental and nursing students. Gender and presence of diastema had no relation with the students’ perceptions (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion The location and width of diastema had an important role in the perception of dental diastemas. Midline diastema was a gap with most negative perception.

Assessment of Knowledge on Key Features of Angle’s Class II Division 1 Malocclusion among Dental School Under-graduates

Introduction: Angle in 1899 propounded the classification to recognize the malocclusion patterns. Class II Division 1 is a malalignment which can be identified by the parameters mentioned.Objective: To assess the knowledge of dental undergraduate students about Class II Division 1 malocclusion and their opinion about the treatment or clinical approach to such patients. Materials &amp; Method: The study was performed using closed questionnaire on 138 fourth and final year undergraduate dental students of College of Dental Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal. Dental casts and photographs of a patient with Class II Division 1 were shown to the respondents to depict deviated midline, midline diastema, molar relation, increased overjet and overbite.Result: Dental students found it easy to identify increased overjet (91.99%), increased overbite (88.78%), presence of diastema (84.69%) and midline deviation (77.28%). However, 52% students could not identify the molar relationship. When asked about the appropriate timing for treatment; 48.8% thought it should be in deciduous dentition period, 41.6% in mixed dentition, and 9.6% in permanent dentition.Conclusion: Fourth and final year BDS students possess fair knowledge on common parameters used to determine Class II Division 1 malocclusion but they find difficulties in compiling and applying this knowledge to orthodontic treatment concept.

PREVALENCIA DE MALOCLUSIONES EN ESCOLARES DE 12 AÑOS DE LA PARROQUIA MACHÁNGARA EN LA CIUDAD DE CUENCA, 2016

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; OBJETIVO. Determinar la prevalencia de maloclusiones en escolares de 12 años de la parroquia Machángara de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2016. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo de corte retrospectivo de 184 fichas epidemiológicas de investigación de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca de la evaluación clínica en los planos sagital, transversal y vertical, mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple utilizando fórmula para prevalencia, odds ratio y Chi cuadrado. Se analizaron las variables género, gestión escolar y tipo de maloclusión. RESULTADOS. La prevalencia fue de un 81 % de maloclusión, la distribución de maloclusión según género fue de un 83 % en el sexo femenino y 79 % en el sexo masculino; y en relación a la gestión escolar obtuvimos un 81 % de maloclusión en escuelas fiscales y un 75 % en escuelas fiscomisionales. El tipo de maloclusión con mayor frecuencia fue la Clase I con un 38 % seguida de Clase II -1 con un 29 %; Clase III con un 26 % y finalmente la Clase II-2 con un 8 %. Las características clínicas observadas con mayor frecuencia fueron 48 % perfil recto, 72 % normodivergencia; 38 % relación molar Clase I; 43 % de relación canina Clase I; 66 % de overjet y overbite normal; 93 % de ausencia de mordida cruzada posterior y 88 % de mordida cruzada anterior; 5 % de mordida abierta; 11 % presencia de diastemas y un 53 % presencia de apiñamiento. CONCLUSIÓN. Existe una alta prevalencia de maloclusiones dentales en escolares de sexo femenino provenientes de escuelas fiscales, de los cuales presentaron una alta frecuencia de características clínicas de maloclusión.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Evaluation of medical records maintenance quality in dental medical organizations of Kazan

Цель. Совершенствование контроля качества деятельности стоматологических медицинских организаций при диагностике зубочелюстных аномалий и деформаций.&#x0D; Методы. Ретроспективный анализ оформления медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента в стоматологических медицинских организациях г. Казани.&#x0D; Результаты. Установлено, что наиболее подробно и правильно заполнено всего 30,7% проверенной документации. Информация о полисе обязательного медицинского страхования указана только в 2 картах из всей проверенной документации. Во всех медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента отсутствует код категории льготы. Название страховой организации, к которой прикреплён пациент, зарегистрировано лишь в 2,3% карт. Паспортные данные пациента указаны лишь в 14 (15,9%) картах, а вид оплаты услуг - в 38 (43,2%). Диагноз, установленный направляющей медицинской организацией, указан лишь в 7 (8%) картах. При осмотре зубных рядов пациентов их размеры, а также апикальных базисов челюстей, форма зубных рядов указаны в 40,9% документации. Контакт соседних зубов описан в 36,4% случаев, наличие диастемы между резцами верхней челюсти - в 30,7% медицинских карт ортодонтического пациента. Диастема между резцами нижней челюсти отражена в 25 (28,4%) медицинских картах ортодонтического пациента. По записям в медицинских картах сложно понять, был ли проведён весь необходимый перечень диагностических мероприятий пациенту для подтверждения той или иной ортодонтической патологии. Подобное заполнение медицинской карты ортодонтического пациента порой позволяет экспертам усомниться в правильности постановки диагноза конкретному пациенту.&#x0D; Вывод. Врачи-ортодонты не уделяют должного внимания сбору анамнеза болезни, оценке характера жалоб, а также использованию основных и дополнительных методов обследования пациента.

An epidemiological study of malocclusion and occlusal traits related to different stages of dental development

Introduction: Various types of malocclusions present one of the most common dental problems of today’s population. Planning the implementation of orthodontic therapy, especially preventive and interceptive measures is one of many activities of public sector health, and it requires information regarding the prevalence of malocclusion in different parts of our country.The aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion of preschool and school children in the city of Sarajevo.Materials and methods: This study was comprised of 373 children out of which 200 preschool and school children were included in the final sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation. 100 children were five-year-olds with complete deciduous dentition, and 100 children were 14-year-olds with permanent dentition. The examined variables in the study were: dental status andexistence of caries, overjet, depth of overbite, a presence of premature contacts, a presence of diastemas, crowding of teeth in the dentalarch (for 14-year-olds) and rotation of teeth in the dental arch (for 14-year-olds).Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 58% in the group of preschool children and 83% in the group of school children.Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate a need for the implementation of preventive and interceptive orthodontic methods inprimary health care, which would reduce the need for expensive and long term orthodontic therapy.

An epidemiological study of malocclusion and occlusal traits related to different stages of dental development

Introduction: Various types of malocclusions present one of the most common dental problems of today’s population. Planning the implementation of orthodontic therapy, especially preventive and interceptive measures is one of many activities of public sector health, and it requires information regarding the prevalence of malocclusion in different parts of our country. The aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion of preschool and school children in the city of Sarajevo. Materials and methods: This study was comprised of 373 children out of which 200 preschool and school children were included in the final sample according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation. 100 children were five-year-olds with complete deciduous dentition, and 100 children were 14-year-olds with permanent dentition. The examined variables in the study were: dental status andexistence of caries, overjet, depth of overbite, a presence of premature contacts, a presence of diastemas, crowding of teeth in the dentalarch (for 14-year-olds) and rotation of teeth in the dental arch (for 14-year-olds). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 58% in the group of preschool children and 83% in the group of school children. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate a need for the implementation of preventive and interceptive orthodontic methods inprimary health care, which would reduce the need for expensive and long term orthodontic therapy.

Perception of smile attractiveness toward various forms of anterior diastemas among undergraduate dental and nondental students: A questionnaire-based study

Background: Smiling is the evident component of facial attractiveness. Midline diastema is considered in some cultures as unattractive and as a malocclusion, especially in Western countries while it is considered as a sign of beauty in Africa and Middle-East. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the smile attractiveness perception of dental and nondental students toward anterior diastemas and to determine whether all spaces in the esthetic zone are considered unattractive as midline diastema. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 156 dental and pharmacy students from the University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan, from December 2015 to January 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the participants and it consisted of two parts: part one – related to gender, faculty, educational level, and questions about dental diastema, and part two – containing four modified pictures of a young female's smile modified by photoediting software to create different spaces between anterior teeth (midline, Simian, Frush and Fisher, and Lombardi diastema). Participants were asked to rank the pictures according to attractiveness from the most to the least attractive using visual analog scale. Comparison between variables was made by Chi-square test with P Results: Smile attractiveness from the most to the least attractive was Simian > Frush and Fisher > midline > Lombardi among both dental and pharmacy students. Gender and presence of diastema had no relation with the student's perception (P > 0.05). There was a significant statistical difference between dental and pharmacy students regarding Frush and Fisher diastema (P = 0.034). Most of the students with diastema felt shy when smiling. Conclusions: The location and width of diastema had an important role on the attractiveness perception of dental diastemas. Midline diastema was not a gap with the most negative perception.