Presence Of Deviation Research Articles

Evaluation of osteomeatal complex by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with maxillary sinus pathology and nasal septum deviation

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine if there is a relationship between the presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septum deviation and various lengths of the osteomeatal complex.MethodsA total of 223 CBCT images were included in the study. The lengths of the osteomeatal complex (maxillary sinus ostium width, infundibulum length, maxillary sinus ostium height) were analyzed. The presence of maxillary sinus pathology, nasal septum deviation, age, sex, right-left, septum deviation level, and the relationship between pathology level and all variables were evaluated.ResultsThe average maxillary sinus ostium width, ostium height and infundibulum length were 3.06 ± 0.70 mm, 30.10 ± 5.43 mm and 8.82 ± 1.86 mm, respectively. Ostium width was significantly higher in the healthy group than in the groups evaluated in the presence of deviation and pathology. A significant difference was found in infundibulum length only between the healthy condition and the condition evaluated in the presence of deviation. No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of ostium height. In all groups, ostium height and infundibulum length were significantly higher in men than in women. The age group with the highest average ostium height was found in the 35–44 age group (p < 0.001).ConclusionIdentifying normal and abnormal conditions in the osteomeatal complex area is important for diagnosing the cause of a patient's complaint, guiding the surgical procedures to be performed, and preventing possible complications that may arise during surgical procedures.

The influence of anthropogenic factors on the morphological features of the leaf apparatus of the balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)

The use of a promising culture of balsamic poplar in the 1950-1970s post-war years in the landscaping of Siberian cities became widespread in squares, parks, lawns along the road network and in urban forests. At the time of the creation of such landscaping facilities, the conditions of their growth did not have significant differences. To date, with the development of motorization, the use of reagents for the maintenance of the road network and the conduct of acaricide treatments in squares and parks, a significant difference has formed in the growing conditions of balsamic poplar crops. Biomonitoring of the state of the environment was carried out at three fundamentally different sites in Novosibirsk. Evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry of balsamic poplar leaves showed that ordinary plantings along the road network are characterized by a high deviation from the stability of development. Forest crops of balsamic poplar in urban forests are characterized by the presence of deviations from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a weak deviation from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a violation of the stability of development. To date, 50-70-year-old balsamic poplar crops grown on the territory of the megalopolis are characterized by varying degrees of disturbance or deviation from the stability of development. They can be arranged according to the stability reduction scale in the following order: landscape groups in the park, forest crops in urban forests and ordinary planting on lawns along the road network.

Adenoid ve Nazal Patolojilerin Pediatrik Epistaksisteki Etkileri

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adenoid and nasal pathologies in paediatric patients with recurrent epistaxis.Methods: A total of 100 (61 boys, 39 girls) individuals aged 2–17 years (mean age: 8.9 ± 3.6 years) were included in this study. Anterior rhinoscopy and flexible nasal endoscopy were used to examine all the patients. The epistaxis duration, treatment in active epistaxis by parents, medical history, medical treatment and interventions were recorded. The location of the epistaxis site, nasal mucosa type, the presence of nasal vestibulitis, nasal septum deviation location and type, adenoid size and the degree of inferior turbinate hypertrophy were recorded.Results: The deviation was present in 31 (62%) patients with recurrent epistaxis and in 14 (28%) patients without epistaxis. The presence of deviation was significantly higher in the epistaxis group than in the control group (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The nasal mucosa type was friable mucosa in 37 (74%) patients, vascularised mucosa in 11 (22%) patients and friable-vascularised mucosa in 2 (4%) patients in recurrent epistaxis group. A significant relationship was detected between nasal mucosa type and age, the presence of the deviation, deviation location, the Mladina type in epistaxis group (p &amp;lt; 0.05, p &amp;lt; 0.05, p &amp;lt; 0.05, p &amp;lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Nasal septum deviation, inferior turbinate hypertrophy and nasal mucosa type are associated with paediatric recurrent epistaxis.

Analytical analysis of the origin of core-cusp matter density distributions in galaxies

We propose an analytical method to describe a matter density profile near a galaxy center. The description is based on the study of the distribution function of particles over possible trajectories. We establish a relation between the central slope of density profile and the near-origin behavior of the angular momentum distribution function. We consider both a spherically symmetric (on average) matter distribution as well as deviations from it. If the density profile forms in a background of spherical gravitation potential then a core-type distribution arises. A regular matter may behave in such way if the background potential was formed by the dark matter. In the presence of deviation from spherical symmetry the formation of cusp-type distribution is possible. Moreover, a reduction of spherical symmetry to the axial one leads to a less steep cusp profile. The complete symmetry breaking (which corresponds, in particular, to the common setup of numerical simulations), leads to a steeper cusp profile.

Improvement of surgical treatment of Duane syndrome in children

To analyze the use of bifurcation of the lateral rectus muscle (LRM) in the surgical treatment of Duane syndrome (DS) in children. The analysis of surgical treatment involved 12 children with paralytic strabismus at the age of 8 to 17. The following research methods were conducted for all patients: the study of eye motility in different directions of gaze, the study of eyes position and the degree of deviation in different positions of gaze, the Bielschowsky test, the Park's three-step test, determination of the nature of torticollis, the forcing test - intraoperative forceps test, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the head and orbit, ultrasonography of the oculomotor muscles. All study children underwent bifurcation (Y-cleavage procedure) of LRM with recession in exo-DS in 17% of cases, without recession in eso-DS - 83% of cases, respectively. In all operated patients with Duane syndrome, the direction of LRM was compensated (downshoot and upshoot were eliminated). In a direct gaze, the correct position was achieved in 10 (83%) cases, in 2 (17%) the residual angle of up to 10 PD remained, and torticollis was eliminated in 9 (75%) patients. The method of LRM bifurcation - the procedure of dividing the muscle into two portions and changing its primary localization, accompanied by abnormalities (presence of deviation, retraction, anomalous vertical movements, limited ocular motility, etc.), - helps compensate for them, and provides cosmetic as well as functional improvement.

Crossing statistics of laser light scattered through a nanofluid.

In this paper, we investigate the crossing statistics of speckle patterns formed in the Fresnel diffraction region by a laser beam scattering through a nanofluid. We extend zero-crossing statistics to assess the dynamical properties of the nanofluid. According to the joint probability density function of laser beam fluctuation and its time derivative, the theoretical frameworks for Gaussian and non-Gaussian regimes are revisited. We count the number of crossings not only at zero level but also for all available thresholds to determine the average speed of moving particles. Using a probabilistic framework in determining crossing statistics, a priori Gaussianity is not essentially considered; therefore, even in the presence of deviation from Gaussian fluctuation, this modified approach is capable of computing relevant quantities, such as mean value of speed, more precisely. Generalized total crossing, which represents the weighted summation of crossings for all thresholds to quantify small deviation from Gaussian statistics, is introduced. This criterion can also manipulate the contribution of noises and trends to infer reliable physical quantities. The characteristic time scale for having successive crossings at a given threshold is defined. In our experimental setup, we find that increasing sample temperature leads to more consistency between Gaussian and perturbative non-Gaussian predictions. The maximum number of crossings does not necessarily occur at mean level, indicating that we should take into account other levels in addition to zero level to achieve more accurate assessments.

Do 'guidelines' really guide us?

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that can be prevented and treated. It is characterized by permanent limitation of the airflow through respiratory tract, which is usually progressive and associated with an increased inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases in the airways and lungs. COPD is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. In 2013 Serbian Ministry of Health issued a National guideline for good clinical practice for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD. According to this guide, bronchodilators, administered through inhalation, are basic medications for COPD treatment. The basic treatment of COPD exacerbation involves the use of short-acting beta-2 agonists with or without anticholinergic drugs. Methylxanthines belong to the second-line medications, and they should be used only when short acting beta-2 agonists are not effective. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to determine whether the patients with COPD exacerbation who came to the ambulance station of The City Institute for Emergency Medicine Belgrade (CIEMB) were treated according to the National Guideline. (As of September 2016. there is an inhaler in the ambulance station, as well as the solution for inhalation, salbutamol). Furthermore, we wanted to point out the challenges and limitations of COPD exacerbation treatment at ambulance stations. METHODS We have monitored the work of the CIEMB ambulance station from October 15, 2016, to January 20, 2017. Data on patients' complaints, physical status, diagnosis, and proposed treatment were taken from the regular medical protocols. RESULTS From the 3367 patients enrolled in the ambulance protocol in this period, 86 had the COPD diagnosis. Only 11 of them (12.7 %) were treated according to the National guideline (with inhaling short-acting beta-2 agonist). The others received second-line medications. CONCLUSION Guidelines are designed for the physicians so that they could apply the experiences of best medical practice. They support evidence based medicine and help individuals to combine knowledge and practice, and efficiency and effectiveness. Recently, several studies which monitor the implementation of protocols for COPD treatment were published. All of them indicated presence of deviation from currently valid guidelines. Responsibility for these results is equally borne by physicians, their available resources and patients too, as they often refuse new methods of treatment because they are used to the outdated intravenous therapy. In addition to the continuing education of physicians and constant encouragement for the use of all available new medications, it is necessary to educate patients about modern protocols for the COPD treatment.

A comparative study of the deviation of the menton on posteroanterior cephalograms and three-dimensional computed tomography.

PurposeFacial asymmetry has been measured by the severity of deviation of the menton (Me) on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to compare PA cephalograms and 3D CT regarding the severity of Me deviation and the direction of the Me.Materials and MethodsPA cephalograms and 3D CT images of 35 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery (19 males and 16 females, with an average age of 22.1±3.3 years) were retrospectively reviewed in this study. By measuring the distance and direction of the Me from the midfacial reference line and the midsagittal plane in the cephalograms and 3D CT, respectively, the x-coordinates (x1 and x2) of the Me were obtained in each image. The difference between the x-coordinates was calculated and statistical analysis was performed to compare the severity of Me deviation and the direction of the Me in the two imaging modalities.ResultsA statistically significant difference in the severity of Me deviation was found between the two imaging modalities (Δx=2.45±2.03 mm, p<0.05) using the one-sample t-test. Statistically significant agreement was observed in the presence of deviation (k=0.64, p<0.05) and in the severity of Me deviation (k=0.27, p<0.05). A difference in the direction of the Me was detected in three patients (8.6%). The severity of the Me deviation was found to vary according to the imaging modality in 16 patients (45.7%).ConclusionThe measurement of Me deviation may be different between PA cephalograms and 3D CT in some patients.

DEM generation using bistatic interferometry: High-coherence pixel selection and residual reference phase compensation

The bistatic spaceborne/stationary InSAR configuration could be applied to generate digital elevation model (DEM). However, two factors limit the DEM precision improvement. On the one hand, due to the effects of the illuminator’s sidelobe and the high objects’ shadow, the pixels in the corresponding area might be polluted by the noise. On the other hand, owing to the presence of deviation (between the real value and the nominal value of the master/slave antenna positions), after utilizing the nominal value to compensate for the reference phase, the residual reference phase would remain. In order to solve the problems, we proposed a new bistatic DEM generation algorithm. Firstly, we applied the coherence-phase joint analysis method to select high-coherence points. Secondly, we deduced the transforming relationship from the deviation to the residual reference phase, and then compensated for the residual reference phase. In the experiment, the YaoGan-3 (an L-band spaceborne SAR) was selected as the transmitter and the two stationary receivers were mounted on the top of a tall building. The algorithm recommended in this paper was applied to process the measured bistatic data. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the elevation error of the generated DEM for some targets had been limited to the level of 1–2 m.

Association of polymorphisms in the MCP-1 and CCR2 genes with the risk of cancer: A meta-analysis

Studies investigating the impact of polymorphisms on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) on the risk of cancer have reported inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis of 23 eligible studies to summarize the data describing the association between cancer risk and polymorphisms in MCP-1 A2518G and CCR2 V64I. Q-statistics and I2 statistics were calculated to examine heterogeneity and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated via subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and publication biases were estimated. Overall, MCP-1 and CCR2 polymorphisms showed no significant associations with cancer risk (MCP-1-2518A/G, GG+GA vs. AA: OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.76–1.17; CCR2 V64I, AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.27, 95% CI=0.87–1.86). However, strong evidence of heterogeneity was found among the investigated studies, and subgroup analyses were therefore conducted according to study location, cancer type, source of controls, and presence of deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). When the data were stratified by study location, the increased risk of cancer among A allele carriers of CCR2 V64I was observed only in studies conducted in Asian countries (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.65; 95% CI=1.25–2.18). This meta-analysis suggests that genetic polymorphisms of CCR2 V64I may influence the susceptibility of cancer in Asian countries. Further well-designed studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted.

Observational Study of Telephone Consults by Stroke Experts Supporting Community Tissue Plasminogen Activator Delivery

Barriers to intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) use in ischemic stroke include limited treatment experience of community physicians. Models of acute stroke care have been designed to address these limitations by providing community support. These include support by telephone or televideo, with or without subsequent transport to tertiary care centers. The authors describe the frequency, characteristics, and effect of community phone consultations to a 24/7 stroke "hotline" staffed by stroke physicians at an academic stroke center using such a model. Twelve intervention hospitals participating in the INcreasing Stroke Treatment through Interventional behavior Change Tactics (INSTINCT) trial were provided a single-access number ("hotline") for expert consultation on tPA use. Experts consisted of stroke-trained physicians at an academic medical center. Hotline use was not mandated by the study protocol, nor was patient transfer required. Consultants were required to record all treatment questions in a Web-based log. All patients discussed over the hotline and/or treated with tPA in an INSTINCT hospital underwent multilevel chart review by trained nurse coordinators. Cases were linked to logged hotline calls, based on the time of treatment and the initial treating hospital. Physician adjudicators assessed appropriateness of tPA treatment, presence of deviation from standard guidelines, and treatment complications (intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], systemic hemorrhage, or death). Over 27 months, there were a total of 204 hotline calls regarding 116 patients. Ninety-one percent of calls were between 8 a.m. and midnight, and 77% of questions explored issues of eligibility for IV tPA, particularly for minor stroke or improving stroke (26%). A total of 243 patients were treated with IV tPA at the 12 intervention hospitals, 54 of which were following hotline consult. Seventy-six percent of hotline patients in whom tPA was recommended actually received tPA, while 2% of those in whom tPA was not recommended received the medication. There were no differences in protocol deviations (27.8% hotline group vs. 23.8% nonhotline group), incidence of symptomatic ICH (5.6% vs. 7.3%), or in-hospital mortality (5.6% vs. 13.2%). No medico-legal issues have been reported for any case in the study. Providing tPA decision-making support via telephone consult to community physicians is feasible and safe. Consultants may play a more prominent role in determining tPA ineligibility than acceptance. Future work should include a real-time survey of physician providers to ascertain such potential qualitative benefits of a stroke hotline.

Comparison of the centring ability of the ProTaper™ and ProTaper Universal™ rotary systems for preparing curved root canals

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the centring ability of the ProTaper™ and ProTaper Universal™ rotary systems for preparing curved root canals, by means of preoperative and postoperative imaging of a cross-section of their coronal, middle and apical thirds. Twenty mesiobuccal root canals of human mandibular first molars with a degree of curvature ranging from 55° to 60° were randomly divided into two groups of 10 specimens each: Group 1, ProTaper™ rotary system; and Group 2, ProTaper Universal™ rotary system. The data were analysed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Student's t-test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the differences between the percentages of the presence of deviation observed were not statistically significant. Both systems showed the capacity for producing centred preparations in curved root canals with low proportions of deviation.

Changes in Mandibular Movement and Occlusal Condition After Conservative Treatment for Condylar Fractures

This study analyzed the changes in mandibular movement and occlusal condition after conservative treatment for unilateral condylar fractures by use of a sensitive occlusal pressure sheet (Dental Prescale; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) for the evaluation of occlusal condition. We compared 18 patients conservatively treated for unilateral condylar fracture with 23 control subjects. Mandibular movement and occlusal condition were evaluated at 3 and 6 months after conservative treatment. Maximal mouth opening over 40 mm was achieved at 6 months but was not improved to the control level. Recovery of lateral excursion, protrusion, or deviation on mouth opening was also limited at 6 months. Occlusal area, which was reduced at 3 months, had significantly improved at 6 months. The asymmetry index of the occlusal area was significantly improved at 6 months compared with that at 3 months. Mean pressure in the patient group was significantly greater than that in the control group. Total occlusal force, which was reduced at 3 months, was significantly improved at 6 months. The asymmetry index of occlusal force, which was significantly greater than that in the control group, was significantly improved at 6 months. Mandibular movement was increased at 6 months despite the slight disturbance in lateral excursion to the nonfractured side and the presence of deviation on mouth opening. Occlusal area and occlusal force improved at 6 months, although mean pressure remained slightly higher than that in the control group.

Reliability of measuring active mandibular excursion using a new tool: the Mandibular Excursiometer.

Measurement tools improve the reliability and validity of measurement. The purpose of this study was to test the intrarater and interrater reliability of a new instrument, the Mandibular Excursiometer, for measuring mandibular excursion on the X and Y axis in the coronal plane during active opening. Two raters measured 12 volunteers. Four ratio, three nominal, and one ordinal scale measurements were analyzed using percent agreement. The Mandibular Excursiometer had high intrarater reliability for vertical opening (100%) and for the categorization of the presence or absence and direction of lateral deviation at the maximum point during opening (92-100%). Overall, moderate intrarater reliability existed for the quantity of lateral deviation at the maximum point during opening (66-83%), presence and direction of deflection (66-83%), presence of deviation or deflection during opening (66-83%), and in which third of opening the maximum point of lateral deviation occurred (66-83%). Moderate interrater reliability existed for vertical opening (75%) and for the classification of presence and direction of lateral deviation at the maximum point during opening (91%). All other measurements had low reliability. The Mandibular Excursiometer had higher intrarater and interrater reliability for measuring deviation and deflection during active mandibular opening than observation alone, based on a comparison with the literature. This measurement can assist in documenting progress while treating patients with TMJ disorders.

Analysis of metastable structures in quenched Cr-Ti alloys

Metastable water-quenched bcc Cr40Ti60 is reported to undergo solid state amorphization during sub-eutectoid temperature anneals. Electron diffraction of the metastable bcc phase reveals complex patterns of diffuse scattering indicating the presence of deviation, topological, chemical or both, from the ideally random solid solution. The hypothesis that the microstructure causing the diffuse scattering plays a role in the amorphization process is supported by studies in which an electron- irradiated bcc-based Cu-Ti alloy shows similar diffuse scattering just prior to irradiation-induced amorphization.Diffuse scattering is observed in all major zone axes of the as-quenched alloy except for (111). Analysis of the spatial frequencies of diffuse scattering maxima indicates that in spite of a clear directional relationship between the bcc matrix scattering and the diffuse scattering, at least some diffuse intensity maxima have spatial frequencies which are incommensurate with the bcc matrix. For instance, the streaked diffuse form along &lt;11&gt; in the (110) zone axis pattern (Fig. 1, arrow), which has been determined to be due to kinematical scattering, does not correspond to any possible bcc superlattice spacing along the [11] direction. This suggests that the microstructure of the as-quenched phase includes regions in which static displacements from the bcc equilibrium sites are encountered.