Presence Of Common Mental Disorders Research Articles

COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS IN PERSONS WITH CHRONIC CONDITION: Carthografic analysis of a case in the primary care service

The psychological consequences of chronic diseases still poorly explored, but there are data, pointing to their importance. The study aims analyze the presence of common mental disorders in users with chronic conditions in Primary Care services in a city in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. The research used cartography as a methodology. Interviews were conducted with users of the Network and focus groups with the responsible teams. From the interviews, a case was highlighted for discussing. Two results are pointed out: the relationship between emotional factors and the chronic condition perceived by the user and the care centered on physical health performed by the responsible professionals. The association between anxiety / depression and chronic condition is discussed based on the concepts of catastrophist thoughts and internalized stigma and presents their respective coping strategies, aided by person-centered care.

Association between Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers and Common Mental Disorders among Adults: 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Recent studies suggest that plasma inflammatory biomarker concentrations may represent valuable indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of mental disorders. At the same time, metabolic alterations may contribute to the development and progression of systemic low-grade inflammation. Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the association between plasma inflammatory biomarkers and common mental disorders (CMD), exploring the relationship between metabolic biomarkers, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and inflammatory biomarkers in younger and older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo with a Focus on Nutrition Study. The occurrence of CMD was assessed through the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Blood samples were used to measure plasma concentrations of inflammatory and cardiometabolic biomarkers. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation Consensus. The Mann-Whitney test compared inflammatory biomarker concentrations across CMD groups and cardiometabolic conditions, and logistic regression models explored associations between inflammatory biomarker concentration and CMD. Results: The sample included 575 participants, 22.6% (n = 130) of whom had CMD. Concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the systemic low-grade inflammation score varied significantly among CMD groups. CRP concentrations were positively associated with the presence of CMD, independent of confounding factors. Participants with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and MetS exhibited significantly higher CRP concentrations than individuals without these conditions. Conclusions: The findings suggest that increased plasma CRP concentrations may be a potential risk factor for CMD. Higher CRP concentrations were observed in individuals with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and MetS. Future interventional studies should explore these hypotheses in diverse populations.

Association between obesity and common mental disorders in women: a population-based study in Southern Brazil.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and common mental disorders (CMD) among women. This is a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of 981 adult women (20-60years of age) living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil, in 2015. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8). Obesity was defined by body mass index (BMI ≥ 30.0kg/m2). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between obesity and CMD were measured by Poisson regression with robust variance, including their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The mean age of the sample was 40.3years (standard deviation = 11.4years). The prevalence of CMD was 33.7% (95% CI 30.8-36.7), while obesity was 31.2% (95% CI 28.3-34.1). The occurrence of CMD was higher in women with low levels of education and belonging to lower economic class, as well as smokers and those who were insufficiently active. Obesity was more prevalent in older women (50-60years old) with less schooling, who did not consume alcohol, and those who were insufficiently active. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, women with obesity were 22% more likely to have CMD when compared to those without obesity (PR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.45; p = 0.030). This study demonstrated a significant association between obesity and the presence of CMD among women. Additionally, the prevalence of obesity and CMD were high in this population group.

Screening for common mental disorders in people with epilepsy in Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional study

Objectives: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that is highly susceptible to a variety of mental health problems due to its enormous biological, social, and psychological burdens. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify risk factors for common mental disorders (CMDs) in people with epilepsy (PWEs) in Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Material and Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma (DRC) from March to April 2022, involving 302 PWEs. A questionnaire was administered to collect socio-demographic data, personal and family history, clinical features, and management of epilepsy. CMDs were assessed using the self-report questionnaire-20. Bivariate analysis was performed, followed by multivariate analysis, and variables with P < 0.05 in the final model were considered as risk factors associated with CMDs. Results: The study included 302 PWEs, of which 56.9% were men, and the mean age was 28.4 ± 11.0 years. CMDs were present in 39.1% of the participants. The presence of CMDs was significantly associated with having five or more seizures in the month preceding the survey (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–8.3) and having medical co-morbidities (aOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.5–6.4). Conclusion: The prevalence of CMDs in PWEs was high (39.1%), suggesting that this is a public health issue. Therefore, early detection and recognition of CMD symptoms should be a routine activity when managing PWEs.

Physical function as a marker to assess the effects of occupational long-term pesticide exposure.

In this cross-sectional study, we determined the relative impact of long-term occupational exposure to pesticides on physical performance and perception of tiredness. Experimental data was collected in locus from agricultural communities and included surveys to assess the duration of exposure to pesticides, social status, habitual physical activity levels, presence of common mental disorders (CMD), and self-reported tiredness. Plasmatic cholinesterase (PChE), body composition and traditional functional performance tests (Handgrip strength-HGS; Time up and go-TUG; and Sit-to-stand-STS) were obtained. From the 127 individuals tested, cluster analysis yielded 80 individuals divided in Direct Exposed (n = 37) and Indirect Exposed (n = 43); Tired (n = 16), and Not Tired (n = 64). PChE values were within the reference values (5209.64-13943.53 U/L). Pesticide exposure had no influence on PChE levels, CMD or fatigue (p > 0.05), while Self-reported tiredness had (p < 0.05). Principal Component Analyses showed that HGS; STS and TUG (i.e., physical performance variables) are negatively influenced by two independent factors: pesticide exposure and self-reported tiredness. We conclude that chronic pesticide exposure and tiredness can negatively impact physical performance, independently, without clinically significant changes in PChE levels that is a biomarker used to track pesticide intoxication. Functional physical tests can be a useful tool to identify chronic pesticide exposure, and help with the limitations of commonly used parameters (i.e. PChE and CMD). Self-reported tiredness is a confounding variable.

Early childhood caries, family functioning, and common mental disorders in a region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the need for dental treatment in preschool children concerning early childhood caries (ECC), evaluated by the School Health Program (SHP); family functioning; and common mental disorders (CMDs) within families in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A structured questionnaire was applied to the main caretaker of the 61 children by telephone contact. The questions addressed socioeconomic and demographic data; the Questionnaire of General Family Functioning (GFF) sought to investigate family functioning; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) served to screen for CMDs among the main caretakers. Secondary data were collected from the SHP to survey the need for oral health treatments. The dependent variable was the need for tooth restoration or extraction. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (p &lt; 0.05), using SPSS v.22.0. Results: The median age of the children was 5 years old, and 32.8% required treatment for dental caries. There was no association between the need for tooth restoration or extraction and socioeconomic factors, family relations, and the presence of CMDs in the main caretaker (p &gt; 0.05). However, there was a greater frequency of need for treatment in families with low income (24.6%) and with less social support (family and friends &lt; 1). Children whose family was included in the Family Grant Program (62.3%), the respondent was the mother (57.4%), had completed high school or higher (36.1%), no paid work (42.6%), with a traditional or nuclear family structure (27.8%), and living in a house with good sanitary conditions (63.9%) presented a lower frequency of need for treatment. The GFF and SRQ-20 values among preschool children with and without the need for dental treatment were similar. Conclusion: There was a trend of a higher need for ECC treatment in children from families with lower income and less familiar and social support.

Common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents: association with school characteristics, consumption of ultra-processed foods and waist-to-height ratio.

Half of all mental health problems diagnosed in adulthood have their onset before or during adolescence, especially common mental disorders (CMD). Thus, it is relevant to study the factors associated with these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association of school characteristics, consumption of ultra-processed foods, and waist-to-height ratio with the presence of CMD in Brazilian adolescents. This is a school-based, cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years. The prevalence of CMD in these adolescents was 17.1% (cut-off point 5 for the General Health Questionnaire-12). Associations were estimated using multilevel logistic models, with the presence of CMD as the dependent variable. The final model, adjusted for non-modifiable individual variables, modifiable individual variables and family characteristics, identified a positive association between private-funded schools (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.07-1.14), advertisements for ultra-processed foods (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09-1.17), the second to fourth quartiles of ultra-processed food intake and waist-to-height ratio (OR = 2.26; 95%CI: 2.03-2.52). This study demonstrated that the private-funded schools , the presence of ultra-processed food advertisements, the consumption of ultra-processed food, and an increased waist-to-height ratio are risk factors for CMD in Brazilian adolescents.

Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of common mental disorders (CMDs) symptoms in a rural adult population of Haryana, North India.

Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders, affect all stages of life and impact individuals, families, and communities. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of CMDs and their sociodemographic determinants in the adult population of a rural block in North India. A cross-sectional, quantitative, community-based study was conducted among adult residents of a rural block in Haryana, North India, using a multistage random sampling technique. The Hindi version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), a well-validated tool, was used to screen participants for CMDs. Scores of 4 or above denoted the presence of CMDs. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between CMDs and sociodemographic characteristics. Of the 180 residents selected for the study, most were women (60.0%) and aged between 31 and 50 years (52.3%). The prevalence of CMDs symptoms in the study population was 20.0%. The presence of CMDs symptoms was significantly higher among those who were aged 60 years or older [OR=12.33, 95% CI 3.21-47.38], widowed, divorced or separated [OR=7.50, 95% CI 1.09-51.52], illiterate [OR= 6.25, 95% CI 2.84-13.77], had monthly family income below 10,000 INR [OR=3.33, 95% CI 1.54-7.20], had any chronic physical illness [OR=8.28, 95% CI 3.70-18.56] and had a family history of any psychiatric illness [OR=5.56, 95% CI 1.52-19.42]. The burden of CMDs was quite high among adults in rural North India. The presence of CMDs was closely associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Primary care and community-based settings need to screen for, diagnose, and manage CMDs to address this growing problem.

Prevalence of common mental disorders in southern Brazilian women: a comparison of two population-based studies (2003 vs. 2015).

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders (CMD) in women, and comparing them in two periods, 2003 and 2015. A comparative study was conducted between two surveys with representative samples of women aged 20-60 years residing in southern Brazil. The final sample included 988 and 987 women from the 2003 and 2015 surveys, respectively. The presence of CMD was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20 ≥ 8) in both surveys. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the outcome (CMD) and variables of interest. The mean age of the participants was 38.5 ± 11.1 years (2003) and 40.3 ± 11.4 years (2015). In 2003, the prevalence of CMD was 33.4% (95%CI: 30.5-36.3) and in 2015, it was 33.7% (95%CI: 30.8-36.7). Over 12 years, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of CMD, except for a reduction in the prevalence in women of color and physically active. After adjusting, the prevalence ratios of CMD in 2003 and 2015 remained associated with low family income, a higher number of pregnancies, and tobacco use. This study showed a trend toward stability in the high prevalence of CMD among women.

A study of disability and socio-economic impact of mental morbidities from the state of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Disability associated with mental illness has a disproportionate impact on the work, social, and family responsibilities of an individual toward society. The evidence for disability in mental illnesses would help the clinician, caregivers, policymakers, and various stakeholders to come up with sustainable solutions not only to help fill the existing gaps in care but also to develop new avenues as per the specific needs of the population of Madhya Pradesh (MP). To estimate the burden of disability related to mental illnesses in the state of MP. A multi-site cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015-16 as part of National Mental Health Survey among adults above 18 years of age. Samples were selected using multi-stage, stratified, random cluster sampling based on probability proportionate to size. Six tehsils with one urban metro out of four districts from a total of 50 districts were selected in the state of MP. The Sheehan Disability Scale and socio-economic impact of illness (from selected questions from WHO-Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0) were used to assess mental morbidity and the subjective reporting of disability. The weighted prevalence of disability (n = 1011) was found as 10.2%, 13.1%, and 13.9%, respectively, in work/school, social life, and family/home domains. The weighted prevalence of moderate to extreme disability in the same domains was, respectively, 5.1%, 6.7%, and 7.3%. The presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) increases the odds of self-reported disability in work [odds ratio (OR) 2.48, 95% CI 1.35 to 4.59], social life (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.50 to 5.07), and family domains (OR 3.03, 95% CI1.62 to 5.74). When combined with common mental disorders, tobacco use disorder further escalates the odds of self-reported disability in all three domains [OR 7.10, confidence interval (CI) 3.15 to 16.37; 4.93, CI 2.19 to 11.28; and 7.10, CI 2.78 to 19.25]. Currently, non-working persons had a higher disability in social life and family life domains (P = 0.003 and P = 0.021), respectively. We report a substantial magnitude of disability in social, work, and family life domains. Participants having CMDs, female gender, and those non-working had more disabilities and would require targeted interventions.

Community violence in neighborhoods and common mental disorders among Brazilian adolescents

BackgroundThis study aims to explore the association between exposure to neighborhood violence and the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs) among Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Additionally, we aim to analyze whether sex, age and race are modifiers of the effect of this association.MethodsThe study comprised 1,686 adolescents residing in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, situated in the Southeast region of Brazil. To measure exposure to community violence, we constructed three crime indicators using data from Civil Police of the State of Rio de Janeiro: crimes against property, nonlethal crimes, and lethal crimes. Employing geospatial analysis based on the adolescents’ residence location, logistic regression modeling was performed to measure the association between violence and CMDs.ResultsAdolescents living in regions with higher rates of the three types of violence studied herein were more likely to have CMDs, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.33 to 2.99. When stratified by sex, age and race, girls, older adolescents and blacks have a greater magnitude of effect on the measure of association, indicating a heightened risk for CMDs.ConclusionThis study provides important contributions to the public health field, as it reveals new information on the influence of community violence on the mental health of adolescents. Given the elevated rates of violence globally, knowing the effects of such violence on adolescents becomes crucial for the prevention and treatment of CMDs within this population.

Onset of Mental Disorders Following Hospitalization for COVID-19: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the onset of mental disorders in the six months following hospitalization for COVID-19 in people without a previous psychiatric history. (2) Methods: This was a longitudinal study carried out among adults who had been hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection. Six months after discharge, a series of questionnaires were administered (the World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7, and the Drug Abuse Screen Test, among others). Based on these scores, a compound Yes/No variable that indicated the presence of common mental disorders was calculated. A multivariate logistic regression was built to explore the factors associated with the presence of common mental disorders. (3) Results: One hundred and sixty-eight patients (57.34%) developed a common mental disorder in the 6 months following hospital discharge after COVID-19 infection. Three variables were independently associated with the presence of common mental disorders after hospitalization for COVID-19, and the WHO-5 duration of hospitalization), and severity of illness. (4) Conclusions: Among people with no previous psychiatric history, we observed a high incidence of mental disorders after COVID-19 hospitalization. A moderate (1–2 weeks) duration of hospitalization may pose a higher risk of post-COVID-19 onset of a mental health condition than longer or shorter durations of medical hospitalization. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the psychopathological consequences of COVID-19 and their predictors.

Transtorno mental comum e fatores relacionados ao trabalho de fisioterapeutas na pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract Introduction The physiotherapists were one of the health professional categories on the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic front line, however little is known how the pandemic has affected the mental health of these professionals. Objective To analyze the relation-ship between the presence of common mental disorder (CMD) and elements related to the work of physiotherapists who have been assisting patients with COVID-19. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study composed by physiotherapists from four states of Brazil: Alagoas, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. Working conditions evaluated were type of contract, weekly worked hours, time working, job satisfaction, and psychosocial aspects related to work. The CMD assessment was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Results A total of 288 physiotherapists answered the electronic form, out of which 76.2% had CMD. Fear of reinfection (OR 2.75, 95%CI: 1.35-5.63) and previous infection by COVID-19 (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.09-3.78) were factors related to a higher chance of risk of CMD. However, those who reported being satisfied with the work (OR: 0.28, 95%CI 0.11-0.72) and being more than 30 years old (OR: 0.46, 95%CI 0.24-0.88) had a lower chance of CMD risk. Conclusion Physiotherapists showed a higher prevalence of CMD. Fear of reinfection and previous infection by COVID-19 were risk factors to CMD, while satisfaction with the work and being more than 30 years old were protective factors to CMD.

Sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos na demência no contexto da longa permanência: avaliação de idosos e intervenção para cuidadores

ABSTRACT Due to the progressive need for care, older adults with dementia are at risk of becoming institutionalized. Caregivers of these patients are tasked with the challenge of controlling behavioral and psychological symptoms without sufficient knowledge and are therefore at greater risk of developing physical and mental health problems. In this context, psychoeducational interventions can help greatly toward improving caregiver well-being. Objective: to investigate the prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in aged residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs), to determine the prevalence of burden and common mental disorders in caregivers, and to assess the effects of a psychoeducational intervention. Methods: an intervention study was performed at LTCFs for aged people. The following instruments were used: Self-Reporting Questionnaire and Zarit Burden Interview for caregivers; and the MMSE, Katz Index, Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Neuropsychiatry Inventory-Questionnaire for older adults. Results: Of the 72 aged residents assessed, 52 (72.2%) were female and mean age was 82.3 (±8.14) years. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms were euphoria and elation (74%), followed by agitation and aggression (74%). Of the 54 caregivers, 49 (90.7%) were women and mean age was 33.9 (±10.8) years. Overall, 33.3% screened positive for common mental disorder and 36.1% for burden/overload. A statistically significant association was found between burden and working in philanthropic institutions (p=0.003) and also between burden and presence of common mental disorder or otherwise (p=0.001). After the psychoeducational intervention, 42.8% reported reduced burden. Conclusion: The residents presented neuropsychiatric symptoms. Caregivers showed burden and common mental disorders, especially in philanthropic institutions. It was observed a reduction in burden of caregivers with psychoeducational intervention, showing the importance of this strategy.

Identifying cases of common mental disorders in the context of HIV care in low and middle income countries

ABSTRACT One of the key behavioural factors inhibiting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the presence of common mental disorders (CMDs). Correct identification of CMDs can facilitate referral for treatment, the amelioration of symptoms, and consequently improved adherence to ART. To save time and resources, screening is an alternative to conducting diagnostic interviews in case identification. However, an elevated score on a screening instrument does not indicate caseness for a mental health condition, given poor sensitivity and low positive predictive values of many screeners. A large number of false positives means that many people would be incorrectly identified as having a mental health condition and inappropriately referred for treatment. A large number of false negatives means that people who actually require treatment will not be identified as such and may thus go untreated. Thus it is recommended that public health services in low resource countries consider a two-stage approach to screening. When implementing routine screening, only those persons who screen above a commonly used cut-point would undergo a diagnostic interview to determine the presence of a common mental disorder. True cases may then be referred for treatment where these are available, such as anti-depressive medication or psychological treatment.

Green areas as promoters of health, leisure and physical activity: a systematic review

Green areas such as parks and squares are often used by communities as spaces for health promotion practices, such as leisure and physical activities. The availability of these places is recognized as a lifestyle component inversely related to chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective : To compile recent evidence on the potential of green areas in promoting health, leisure and physical activity practices to the people in their surroundings. Methods : This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines; and results presentation was based on the PICO approach. “PubMed” and “SciELO” databases were consulted, and publications of the last 10 years in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. The search strategy involved the following keywords: green areas AND population health / green areas AND leisure activities / green areas AND exercise. Relevance : Cities worldwide are starting to adopt an urban health agenda, evidencing the relationship between urban spaces, natural resources and human health. A compilation of scientific evidence may assist decision makers in this task. Results : Nineteen studies were included in this review: 8 dealt with health aspects related to green areas, and 11 focused on the contributions of green areas to leisure and physical activities. Contributions : There seems to be an inverse association between the exposition to green spaces and the presence of common mental disorders, indicating a direct association between green areas, human wellbeing and quality of life, besides physiological parameters indicating relaxation. Characteristics of the green areas, type of infrastructure, aspects related to their surroundings, as well as sociodemographic characteristics may also influence the practice of physical activities.

Living with parents, lifestyle pattern and common mental disorders in adolescents: a school-based study in Brazil

BackgroundMental health conditions represent 16% of the global burden of disease and injury in adolescents. Promotion, protection, and restoring the mental health must be considered indispensable, especially in adolescence. This study aims to verify the association of lifestyle pattern, living with parents and the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Brazilian adolescents.MethodsCross-sectional study that analyzed data from 71,553 adolescents aged 12–17 years, from the Study on Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), between 2013 and 2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify lifestyle pattern, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between lifestyle pattern, living with parents, and presence of CMD.ResultsTo construct the Common Mental Disorders (CMD) variable, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used. The Pattern of Healthy Lifestyle Practices found was characterized by higher water consumption, lower consumption of ultra-processed foods, the habit of eating breakfast, less exposure time to screens, habit of physical activity, and longer mean sleep time in hours. Adolescents belonging to the second (OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.65–0.82) and third (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.39–0.50) terciles of the pattern, that is, those who had higher belonging to the pattern had lower chances of having CMD. Adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.16–1.78) were associated with a higher chance to present CMD.ConclusionLiving with parents can contribute to better mental health among adolescents. In addition, the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, encouraged by parents and the community, can reduce the chances of CMD in Brazilian adolescents.

Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among farmers.

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among farmers. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2019 and 2020 with 450 farmers in Rio Grande do Norte. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Beck Suicidal Ideation Inventory, and sociodemographic, health, income, work and alcohol abuse variables were analyzed. The Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of the outcome between the categories of each variable. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to analyze associated factors and estimate prevalence ratios [PR]. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 12.4% [95%CI 9.69–15.84] and, in the bivariate analysis, it was associated with sociodemographic, health, income and work variables. In the final multivariate model, the variables that remained significant and were associated with a higher prevalence of SI were: female gender [PR = 3.28], diagnosis of mental disorder in the family [PR = 2.37], presence of common mental disorder [PR = 2.50], alcohol abuse [PR = 2.22] and employment relationship–salaried or temporary [R = 1.91]. Thus, suicidal ideation among farmers is mainly associated with health aspects, especially mental health, work and the female sex, and signals the need to strengthen public policies for suicide prevention with the targeting of effective strategies for the farmers.

Dietary patterns, breakfast consumption, meals with family and associations with common mental disorders in adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundAdolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to analyze the association of dietary patterns, breakfast consumption, and the practice of having meals accompanied by the family with the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12–17 years, from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, “ERICA”). Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, dietary patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family.ResultsTwo patterns were found, a Healthy Dietary Pattern and an Unhealthy Dietary Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.70—0.89) or third (OR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.77—0.96) tercile of the Healthy Dietary Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.61—0.83) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.47—0.62), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.57—0.84) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.44–0.58), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders.ConclusionThis study observed that healthy dietary patterns are associated with better mental health in adolescents, thus should be encouraged and promoted.

Common mental disorders amongst frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundA novel coronavirus had a profound physiological and psychological burden with regards to contracting the disease or uncertainties in the care of infected patients. Especially, at risk are frontline healthcare workers who are participating in the care of such patients.AimThis study investigated the burden of mental health problems amongst the frontline health workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Ethiopia.SettingEast Hararghe Zone of Oromia Region and Harari Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected hospitals of COVID-19 treatment centers. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 423 participants from each hospital. The self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of common mental disorders. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of common mental disorders amongst frontline healthcare workers was 22.6%. Being female, married, having had direct contact with COVID-19 patients, working in COVID-19 treatment centers and ICU, having any symptoms of COVID-19, current three-month use of any substances, and poor social support were found to be strong predictors of common mental disorders in frontline health workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia.ConclusionThe considerable proportions of frontline health care workers have common mental health problems. Strategies need to address COVID-19 related mental health problems, and integrate psychosocial intervention to support the frontline health workers is paramount.