Presence Of Callus Research Articles

Predicting diabetic foot ulceration using routinely collected data in a foot clinic. What level of prognostic accuracy can be achieved?

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of using routinely collected clinical data in predicting the risk of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). The first objective was to develop a prognostic model based on the most important risk factors objectively selected from a set of 39 clinical measures. The second objective was to compare the prediction accuracy of the developed model against that of a model based on only the 3 risk factors that were suggested in the systematic review and meta-analyses study (PODUS). In a cohort study, a set of 12 continuous and 27 categorical data from patients (n=203 M/F:99/104) who attended a specialised diabetic foot clinic were collected at baseline. These patients were then followed-up for 24months during which 24 (M/F:17/7) patients had DFU. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a prognostic model using the identified risk factors that achieved p<0.2 based on univariate logistic regression. The final prognostic model included 4 risk factors(Adjusted-OR [95% CI]; p) in total. Impaired sensation (116.082 [12.06-1117.287]; p=0.000) and presence of callus (6.257 [1.312-29.836]; p=0.021) were significant (p<0.05), while havingdry skin (5.497 [0.866-34.89]; p=0.071) and Onychomycosis (6.386 [0.856-47.670]; p=0.071) that stayed in the model were not significant. The accuracy of the model with these 4 risk factorswas 92.3%, where sensitivity and specificity were 78.9%, and 94.0% respectively. The 78.9% sensitivity of our prognostic 4-risk factor model was superior to the 50% sensitivity that was achieved when the three risk factors proposed by PODUS were used. Also our proposed model based on the above 4 risk factorsshowed to predict the DFU with higher overall prognostic accuracy. These findings have implications for developing prognostic models and clinical prediction rules in specific patient populations to more accurately predict DFU.

Development of basil ‘Dark Opal’ from explant type and plant regulators

Seedling abnormalities are a common problem in micropropagation and require investigation. This study aimed to assess the growth characteristics and morphoanatomy of stem apices and nodal segments of basil (Ocimum basilicum) ‘Dark Opal’ inoculated in medium containing combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Presence of calluses, adventitious roots, and abnormal seedlings was quantified at 20 and 40 days after inoculation. Growth, anatomical, and morphological parameters were evaluated after 80 days. Explant type and regulators influenced the growth and morphoanatomy of basil ‘Dark Opal’. Treatment of stem apices with 0.05 and 0.1 mg L-1 of NAA and BAP increased leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight and decreased the incidence of calluses and abnormalities. Hyperhydric seedlings showed morphoanatomical alterations, such as disorganization and expansion of intercellular spaces with a consequent increase in parenchymal length. Thus, the results of this research allowed optimizing and understanding the important effects of growth regulators on the development of this species, which will help in in vitro mass culture programs and in biofactories for the production of secondary metabolites.

A Machine Learning-Based Severity Prediction Tool for the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.

Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a serious long-term complication of diabetes, which may lead to foot ulceration and amputation. Among the screening tools for DSPN, the Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI) is frequently deployed, but it lacks a straightforward rating of severity. A DSPN severity grading system has been built and simulated for the MNSI, utilizing longitudinal data captured over 19 years from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) trial. Machine learning algorithms were used to establish the MNSI factors and patient outcomes to characterise the features with the best ability to detect DSPN severity. A nomogram based on multivariable logistic regression was designed, developed and validated. The extra tree model was applied to identify the top seven ranked MNSI features that identified DSPN, namely vibration perception (R), 10-gm filament, previous diabetic neuropathy, vibration perception (L), presence of callus, deformities and fissure. The nomogram's area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9421 and 0.946 for the internal and external datasets, respectively. The probability of DSPN was predicted from the nomogram and a DSPN severity grading system for MNSI was created using the probability score. An independent dataset was used to validate the model's performance. The patients were divided into four different severity levels, i.e., absent, mild, moderate, and severe, with cut-off values of 10.50, 12.70 and 15.00 for a DSPN probability of less than 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. We provide an easy-to-use, straightforward and reproducible approach to determine prognosis in patients with DSPN.

Revision of Liparis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxidinae) in Brazil

Abstract The presence of Liparis occurring in Brazil was revised, resulting in three taxons confirmed in national territory. Nine lectotypifications and six neotypifications, together with L. inundata being demoted to a synonym of L. nervosa, are proposed. Species can be distinguished by the leaf blade, the number of leaves per pseudobulb and the presence of calluses in the lip. From those, only L. cogniauxiana is endemic to the country, being restricted to the Cerrado biome. Liparis nervosa occurs in all Brazilian biomes and is the only one registered in the Pampas and the Caatinga, while L. vexillifera occurs in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon and Cerrado biomes. According to the IUCN criteria, L. cogniauxiana, L. nervosa and L. vexillifera are in the ‘‘Least Concern (LC)’’ category due to a broad distribution, the number of occurrences, presence in protected areas and low pressure from indiscriminate collecting.

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Complicated with Fracture and Osteomyelitis: X-ray Findings

Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the complications of patients who have diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. It is resulted from poor glycemic control, underlying neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and poor foot care. It could lead to osteomyelitis of the foot and amputation of lower extremities. Detailed history taking should be done in order to get a holistic view of disease progression and risk factors. Clinical presentations such as the presence of callus, loss of hair, muscle atrophy, ulcer, paresthesia, hypo- or hyperesthesia, anhydrosis could be present. Ulcers are most common in the weight-bearing areas such as plantar metatarsal head, heel, tips of hammer toes, and other prominent areas. Radiological investigations including plain x-rays should be done in order to look for any underlying osteomyelitis, the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue, any signs of underlying fractures, and presence of a foreign body. In this case study, we presented X-ray finding of a diabetic foot ulcer case that complicated with fracture and osteomyelitis.

Association of indolebutyric acid with rhizobacteria on the viability of herbaceous minicuttings of blueberry ‘Brite Blue’

Plant regulators used alone or associated with rhizobacteria are alternatives that maximize the rhizogenic potential of cuttings that are difficult to root, such as the blueberry. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate if concentrations of IBA in talc, associated or not with the rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis, interfere in the viability of blueberry mini cuttings, cultivar ‘Brite Blue’. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, with four repetitions. The treatments studied, designed in a bifatorial scheme (4 × 3), were concentrations of IBA (0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L-1), applied as talc, associated or not with A. brasilense and B. subtilis. A significant interaction was observed between the factors IBA and inoculation with rhizobacteria regarding the presence of callus. In relation to the isolated effect of inoculation, B. subtilis proved to be superior to the treatments with application of IBA alone, also presenting the highest percentage of sprouted minestems. There was an isolated effect of IBA doses on the number of roots per minicutting, survival, and rooted minicutting. It is concluded that the treatments with IBA and rhizobacteria, especially B. subtilis, favor the viability of the ‘Brite Blue’ minicuttings.

In vitro multiplication of woody bamboo in the Southwestern Amazon, Acre State, Brazil

Bamboos from the genus Guadua in the Southwestern Amazon basin are difficult to propagate because of their recalcitrant characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the action of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) during in vitro multiplication of G. latifolia in a laboratory for clonal seedling production. In vitro multiplication was performed using the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg L-1 in glass tubes containing liquid medium, incubated for 38 days. The analyzed variables were shoot height, number of shoots, multiplication rate, and the presence of callus and roots in two consecutive subcultures. The use of 6-benzylaminopurine during in vitro multiplication was effective at increasing the number of shoots in the first and second subculture. Shoot height was not influenced by the cytokinin in the culture with a maximum multiplication rate of 4.44 shoots. Therefore, the use of 6 mg L-1 of BA is recommended during in vitro multiplication and to obtain a high multipication rate.

Regulation of WOX11 Expression Represents the Difference Between Direct and Indirect Shoot Regeneration.

Somatic cells of higher plants possess the remarkable ability to regenerate new individuals via reestablishing apical meristems. Reconstitution of shoot meristem is the vital process and is required for application of plant biotechnology. Under in vitro culture condition, shoot meristem can be formed directly or indirectly, depending on the absence or presence of callus as the intermediate status. However, the difference of regulatory mechanisms between the two regeneration types remains unknown. In this study, we established a bi-directional system in which shoots regenerated directly from lateral root primordia (LRP) and indirectly from hypocotyl-derived callus simultaneously. The results based on this system revealed that regulation of WOX11 expression represents the difference between the two regeneration types in two aspects. Firstly, number of founder cells expressing WOX11 is tightly associated with regeneration types. Relatively more founder cells gave rise to callus and produce larger meristem, whereas less founder cells produce LRP that regenerate smaller meristem. Secondly, non-CG DNA methylation specifically regulated WOX11 transcription in LRP and promoted direct shoot regeneration, but had no influence on indirect regeneration. The results provide new insights for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cell fate transition during de novo organogenesis.

Prediction of callus and ulcer development in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy by isosceles triangle-forming tuning fork.

Objectives:Tuning fork vibration sensation testing is widely used as a diagnostic test to detect diabetic neuropathy. However, evidence-based literature indicates that reliability between examiners is low. Attaching isosceles triangle diagrams on tuning forks lowers the discrepancy between examiners. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between vibration sensation measurement using an improved tuning fork and the presence of callus and wound development in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Methods:Participants included 56 general older adults and 52 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The methods included confirmation of the presence or absence of callus, range of motion of the ankle and the first metatarsophalangeal joint, vibratory sensitivity of the medial malleolus and the dorsal aspect of the first distal phalanx using an improved tuning fork, and touch-pressure sensitivity of the plantar aspect of the hallux. Patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were followed up for 3 years to check for the presence or absence of wounds.Results:When compared with the general older adults, the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy had significantly lower touch-pressure sensitivity (p < 0.01), vibratory sensitivity at the distal phalanx (p < 0.01) and medial malleolus (p < 0.01), ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (p < 0.01), and metatarsophalangeal joint extension range of motion (p < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with callus formation was 0.93 for the medial malleolus and 0.96 for the distal phalanx, indicating that the accuracy of the distal phalanx was higher (p < 0.01) than the medial malleolus. According to the Cox proportional hazard analysis, the vibratory sensitivity of the distal phalanx was a significant risk factor for ulcer development (p < 0.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the vibration sensation test, which we improved via the technique described in this study, is useful for predicting the occurrence of callus and ulcer.

Effect of vascularized periosteum on revitalization of massive bone isografts: An experimental study in a rabbit model.

In the last years, limb salvage has become the gold standard treatment over amputation. Today, 90% of extremity osteogenic sarcomas can be treated with limb salvage surgery. However, these reconstructions are not exempt from complications. Massive allografts have been associated to high risk of nonunion (12-57%), fracture (7-30%) and infection (5-21%). Association of vascularized periosteum flap to a massive bone allograft (MBA) has shown to halve the average time of allograft union in clinical series, even compared to vascularized fibular flap. Creeping substitution process has been reported in massive allograft when periosteum flap was associated. However, we have little data about whether it results into allograft revitalization. We hypothesize that the association of a periosteum flap to a bone isograft promotes isograft revitalization, defined as the colonization of the devitalized bone by new-form vessels and viable osteocytes, turning it vital. Forty-four New Zealand white male rabbits underwent a 10 mm segmental radial bone defect. In 24 rabbits the bone excision included the periosteum (controls); in 20 rabbits (periosteum group) bone excision was performed carefully detaching periosteum in order to preserve it. Cryopreserved bone isograft from another rabbit was trimmed and placed to the defect gap and was fixed with a retrograde intramedullar 0.6 mm Kirschner wire. Rabbits were randomized and distributed in 3 subgroups depending on the follow-up (control group: 5 rabbits in 5-week follow up group, 8 rabbits in 10-week follow-up group, 7 rabbits in 20-week follow-up group; periosteum group: 5 rabbits in 5-week follow up group, 7 rabbits in 10-week follow-up group, 7 rabbits in 20-week follow-up group). Fluoroscopic images of rabbit forelimb were taken after sacrifice to address union. Each specimen was blindly evaluated in optical microscope (magnification, ×4) after hematoxylin and eosin staining to qualitative record: presence of new vessels and osteocytes in bone graft lacunae (yes/no) to address revitalization, presence of callus (yes/no) and woven bone and cartilage tissue area (mm2 ) to address remodeling (osteoclast resorption of old bone and substitution by osteoblastic new bone formation). No isograft revitalization occurred in any group, but it was observed bone graft resorption and substitution by new-formed bone in periosteum group. This phenomenon was accelerated in 5-week periosteum group (control group: 49.5 ± 9.6 mm2 vs. periosteum group: 34.9 ± 10.4 mm2 ; p = .07). Remodeled lamellar bone was observed in both 20-week groups (control group: 6.1 ± 6.3 mm2 vs. periosteum group: 5.8 ± 3.0 mm2 , p = .67). Periosteum group showed complete integration and graft substitution, whereas devitalized osteons were still observed in 20-week controls. All periosteum group samples showed radiographic union through a bone callus, whereas controls showed nonunion in eight specimens (Union rate: control group 60% vs. periosteum group 100%, p = .003). Association of vascularized periosteum to a massive bone isograft has shown to accelerate bone graft substitution into a newly formed bone, thus, no bone graft revitalization occurs.

Case-Control Study of Risk Factors and Self-Care Behaviors of Foot Ulceration in Diabetic Patients Attending Primary Healthcare Services in Palestine.

The purpose of this study is to identify certain sociodemographic, lifestyle, self-care, and foot examination factors that predict the development of diabetic foot ulcers in Palestine. A case-control study was performed in Palestine in 2019. The control group consisted of diabetic patients without foot ulceration (NFU). The case group included diabetic patients who had foot ulcers (DFU) with a size not less than 0.5 cm2. The sample of patients was taken from primary healthcare diabetic clinics in Palestine. Findings of the study showed several independent risk factors for developing DFUs, which were smoking, sensory loss to vibration, sensory loss to monofilament, loss of pedal pulse, presence of calluses, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Also, this study has shown that illiteracy and low income were significantly associated with DFU development. Moreover, the current study demonstrated that poor self-care behaviors were associated with DFU. The information gained from the study will contribute to raising awareness and improving health education for diabetic patients and their families with the aim of reducing the complications of diabetes.

Minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in fracture femur

Background The advantage of bridge plating in keeping the vascularity and the fracture healing promotes it to be widely used in comminuted fracture femur; the fracture site is not touched, the plate is inserted beneath the vastus lateralis from proximal and distal incisions away from the fracture itself, screws keep the alignment, and screws are limited only to the proximal and distal fragments. Longitudinal femoral fractures extending right to the trochanteric and or condylar areas are the main indication for minimally invasive plate fixations. Patient and methods This is a prospective study for minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) techniques in the treatment of the fractured femur. The study was carried out in Cairo University Hospitals from May 2009 to December 2014, on 60 patients, for an average follow-up of 3 years including 64% men (48 cases) and 36% women (22 cases), using both fixed angled plates (locked plates) in 34 cases (56%) and conventional dynamic compression plate (DCP) plates (nonlocked plates) in 26 cases (44%). Results Time taken for the union as shown by evidence of radiographic healing of the fracture was defined as the presence of callus around most of the fracture’s circumference. The fracture-healing process ranged from 9 to 40 weeks (median: 16 weeks). One (1.6%) patient suffered from malalignment in the form of varus deformity and two patients (3.3%) from malrotation within acceptable measures. None was the candidate for revision, two (3.3%) patients suffered from the shortening of insignificant value, eight cases (13.3%) suffered from the delayed union, four (6.7%) cases suffered from wound infection, and five (8.3%) cases suffered from decreased range of motion. Implant failure occurred in two cases and periprothetic fracture occurred in one case. Scoring of results according to Tegner and Lysholm was as follows: 27 cases (45%) with excellent outcome, 23 (38.3%) case with good results, 6 (10%) with fair outcome, and 4 (6.7%) with poor outcome. Conclusion The use of MIPO technique in fracture femur provides an easy, safe, and effective method of treatment especially in comminuted diaphyseal fracture with extension to the supracondylar or the subtrochanteric areas.

Healing physiology following delayed surgery for femoral midshaft fracture caused by high-energy injury: an in vivo study in dogs.

ObjectiveAn experimental model of severe soft tissue damage was designed to simulate high-energy fracture and observe the fracture healing process following early surgery and surgery delayed by 1 week.MethodsForty dogs were randomized to Group A (immediate surgery) and B (delayed surgery). The femur was broken, and the two ends were forcefully stabbed to damage the surrounding soft tissues. The fracture was repaired using a custom six-hole steel plate. Four dogs were killed on day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 following bone fracture. Soft tissue and bone were examined by light and electron microscopy.ResultsIn Group A, no callus was present at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks following fracture, resulting in atrophic nonunion. In Group B, visible weak external callus was present 1 week following fracture, and good external callus growth was present at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, leading to callus healing.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the first week is critical for fracture healing. Absence of callus in the early stage is indicative of absence of callus growth throughout the entire healing process, while the presence of callus in the early stage is indicative of vigorous callus growth thereafter.

Patient Characteristics Predict Success Following Pedal Soft Tissue Augmentation

INTRODUCTION: Pedal fat grafting has been shown to improve pain and functional impairment from forefoot fat pad atrophy. We aim to determine whether patient demographics and foot characteristics play a role in the level of impact that is achieved following surgery. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of patients who received forefoot autologous fat injections for the treatment of pedal fat pad atrophy. Patient improvement of pain and functional impairment was measured using the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index. One-way analysis of variance statistical analyses were used to evaluate correlation between patient characteristics and an improvement in survey scores assessing pain and functional impairment from the time of surgery to 6 months, to 12 months, and from 6 to 12 months. Patient characteristics examined include gender, age, body mass index (BMI), unilateral or bilateral injections, a flexible or rigid foot arch, previous foot deformity or surgery, and the presence of callus. RESULTS: Forty-four patients received fat injections into the ball of their foot. Seventy-three percent of them were women; their mean age was 61 years old, and mean BMI was 26.6 kg/m2. Seventy-five percentage had injections performed bilaterally. Forty-one percentage had a flexible arch, 73% had a history of pedal deformity or surgery, and 43% had callus. Significant findings included a correlation between female gender and an improvement in pain from the time of surgery to 12 months later (P = 0.02), a correlation between unilateral injections and an improvement in pain from the time of surgery to 6 months later (P = 0.03), and a correlation between a healthy BMI and an improvement in functional impairment from 6 months postsurgery to 12 months postsurgery (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Patient characteristics correlate with the impact of pedal fat grafting surgery and the time course of improvement following surgery. Female gender was found to correlate with improvement in pain at 12 months postsurgery. Patients undergoing unilateral foot fat grafting may see clinical improvements in pain faster than those receiving bilateral injections. Ultimately, both groups see clinical improvement at 1 year. Similarly, patients classified as overweight may see faster improvement in functional impairment than those with lower BMI with no difference at 1 year. Given our findings, we advocate for all patients with suspected fat pad atrophy to be considered for soft tissue augmentation. Large-scale studies are called for to further elucidate the impact of various patient characteristics on the probability of success in pedal fat grafting.

Enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Passiflora actinia Hook: concentrações de IBA e formas de aplicação

O maracujá-do-mato (Passiflora actinia Hook) é utilizado como porta-enxerto para diferentes espécies de maracujá devido à sua tolerância à baixas temperaturas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a eficiência da técnica de estaquia caulinar na propagação vegetativa de P. actinia em função de concentrações de ácido indol butírico (IBA) e método de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação da Universidade Federal do Paraná, no período de agosto a outubro de 2016. Estacas semilenhosas com 10 cm de comprimento foram tratadas com 0, 1.500 e 3.000 mg Kg-1/mg L-1 de IBA na forma de talco e em solução, plantadas em tubetes, o substrato foi vermiculita. Após 60 dias, foram avaliadas a porcentagem de enraizamento, presença de calos, sobrevivência, brotações novas, número de raízes/estacas e comprimento médio da maior raiz. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento (85,94%) e número de raízes/estaca foram encontradas nos tratamentos com IBA na forma de talco, nas concentrações de 3.000 mg kg-1 e 1.500 mg Kg-1, respectivamente. A estaquia de P. actinia é um método de propagação eficiente. O uso de IBA, em ambas as formas de aplicação, promoveu de forma eficiente o enraizamento da espécie, sendo recomendada a aplicação na concentração de 1.500 mg Kg-1 ou mg L-1.

In vivo and in vitro propagation of “macela”: a medicinal-aromatic native plant with ornamental potential

Achyrocline satureioides is a shrub native from South America. In popular medicine it is used in infusions such as digestive, carminative, antispasmodic, eupeptic and emmenagogue. However, its main use is as an ingredient in the liquor industry. Commercial exploitation is carried out through the collection of natural populations in an unsustainable way. The micropropagation of A. satureioides will allow its massive propagation and it will settle a base for its domestication. For this, a clone denominated as M1-5 was first propagated by cuttings. Subsequently, nodal segments obtained from young stems were disinfected by a standard method and cultured on MS medium. These shoots were used as a source of explants for subsequent assays. For its in vitro establishment MS medium and WPM were tested. Once the culture was established, the responses of the explants to increasing concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0; 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 μM) with and without 0.05 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on WPM as basal medium were studied during 35 days. The proliferation of buds, the presence of callus and the number and length of the roots were evaluated. All of the “macela” cuttings in vivo propagated rooted and developed satisfactorily under the conditions tested. The application of 5.0 μM BAP alone generated the best multiplication rate, so it was selected as the multiplication medium. De novo shoots rooted spontaneously and finally, transferred to the greenhouse. Here in it was possible to establish a micropropagation protocol not only for the production of plantlets of selected clones but also for the application of biotechnological tools in the development of A. satureioides germplasm.

Tragic Teenage Boy Presenting With Calluses Due to Dermatophagia

Callus due to dermatophagia has rarely been reported in dermatology literature. Patients with this disorder usually present with skin damage, bleeding, blistering and discoloration, especially around the fingernails. Moreover, the presence of callus on the dorsum of proximal phalanges has also rarely described in the literature of PubMed, Google Scholar and Research Gate. We hereby describe a 16-year-old boy with bilateral calluses, on the dorsal aspects of the proximal phalanges of the forefingers. General physical examination revealed that the patient had a mental illness and a habit of biting his fingers at the affected sites for two years. We performed this report to emphasize the importance of the relationship between dermatophagia and calluses presenting on the dorsum of the proximal phalanges of the fingers as calluses are most often located on the feet and knuckles of the hands. Therefore, any patient experiencing a similar lesion to the one in our case needs a proper history taken and assessment of mental state to exclude associated psychiatric comorbidity.

Differences between genders in relation to factors associated with risk of diabetic foot in elderly persons: A cross-sectional trial

AimsThis trial aims to identify differences between genders in relation to factors associated with the risk of diabetic foot in elderly persons. MethodsWe evaluated 187 older adults diagnosed with diabetes type 2. The variables investigated were sociodemographic data, clinical history of diabetes mellitus and complaints about the feet. The plantar sensitivity was evaluated on both feet, with the use of Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments. For data analysis we used chi-square test and binary logistic regression (p < 0.05; 95% CI). ResultsWe included 174 elderly people who had no history of stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Most (58.6%) were female and among them the risk factors for diabetic foot were older age (p < 0.021; OR 6.0), presence of calluses (p < 0.046; OR 2.83) and claw toes (p < 0.041; OR 3.18). And among men, the risk factors for diabetic foot were insulin use (p < 0.008; OR 5.22), presence of sensory comorbidities (p < 0.007; OR 5.0), ulcers (p < 0.001), numbness (p < 0.002; OR 6.6) and stiffness in the feet (p < 0.009; OR 5.44). ConclusionThe factors associated with the development of diabetic foot were presented differently in women and men, so a targeted and more specific preventive approach is required.

Exploration of Regeneration Potential of Extinct Plants Starting From Old Seeds, by in Vitro Technology

Abstract The aim of the study is to try a systematic and rational exploration of regeneration potential of extinct taxons, starting from old seeds found in the soil or in the herbarium, to study their germination potential with the purpose of biodiversity conservation. The species involved in this study are: Achillea spinosa, Chenopodium wolfii. Several protocols for the in vitro propagation of the species, starting from the seed are described in this study. The presence of callus during micropropagation of plants has also been the object of research for different compositions of nutritive medium.

Efeito de 6-benzilaminopurina sobre a propagação in vitro de Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae)

A Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, popularmente conhecida como sabiá, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga que, em razão de suas inúmeras potencialidades, tem enfrentado um processo de exaustiva exploração, tornando iminente a necessidade de se utilizar alternativas sustentáveis que permitam a sua reposição em ambiente natural e a conservação de seu genótipo. A micropropagação tem sido considerada técnica promissora nesse sentido, pois viabiliza a produção de mudas em larga escala e com elevada sanidade. Citocininas como a 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) são importantes nesse processo, pois influenciam consideravelmente o crescimento e a morfogênese in vitro e permitem a formação de bancos de germoplasma in vitro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência de concentrações de BAP sobre a indução de brotações in vitro em M. caesalpiniifolia. Segmentos cotiledonares obtidos de plântulas germinadas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura WPM suplementados com seis concentrações de BAP: 0,0; 4,44; 8,88; 17,76; 26,64; e 35,52 µmol/L. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, três repetições e cada repetição composta por 10 unidades experimentais. Aos 30 dias, foram avaliados o número de explantes responsivos, o número de brotos por explante e a presença de calos, oxidação e contaminação. Os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente através da Análise de Correspondência e mediante o ajuste de Equações de Regressão. Verificou-se que a concentração de 17,76 µmol/L apresentou-se mais responsiva em relação à taxa de multiplicação e ao número de brotações, sendo, portanto, a concentração mais indicada para a propagação in vitro de M. caesalpiniifolia.