Presence Of Acne Research Articles

Association between mild depressive states in polycystic ovary syndrome and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent and frequently encountered gynecological disorder. Its high variability and the complexities associated with its management often lead to psychological stress in affected women, manifesting in symptoms of depression. Embracing a healthy lifestyle is fundamental in PCOS treatment. Consistent adherence to a healthy lifestyle not only aids in improving PCOS symptoms but also plays a role in enhancing mental well-being. However, there is currently limited research examining the extent of depression, its prevalence, and its correlation with lifestyle among individuals with PCOS. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impact of lifestyle factors on the depressive state of individuals with PCOS. This cross-sectional study gathered data from 411 individuals with PCOS at a comprehensive hospital in Henan, China. Depression status was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale, and demographic information as well as lifestyle habits were simultaneously collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the depressive state in PCOS. Among the surveyed 411 individuals with PCOS, approximately 49.4% exhibited symptoms of depression, with 83.7% experiencing mild depressive symptoms. A disease duration of 1-3 years, the presence of acne, and unhealthy lifestyle factors such as high-fat diet, staying up late, lack of exercise, and mental stress emerged as significant risk factors for the onset of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms in individuals with PCOS are predominantly mild. The risk of comorbid depression in PCOS is associated with the presence of acne, frequent high-fat diet, regular staying up late, lack of exercise, and mental stress.

Investigation of the effect of stress and other factors on acne in medical students

Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of stress and other factors affecting acne among medical students. Methods: Between January 2023 and May 2023, 105 medical students were examined and the presence of acne was determined. The severity of acne was determined using the “Global Evaluation Acne Scale" (GEAS), the factors related to acne were questioned, and the “Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS) consisting of 14 items was filled by the medical students. Results: Acne prevalance was found to be 74.28%. There was a statistically significant relationship between acne and lower height, and female gender (p<0.05); high temperature-humidity, sweating, make-up, topical corticosteroid, milk, alcohol, sweet, chocolate, bakery product, age, weight, stress were not found to be correlated (p>0.05). Although not statistically significant, the stress scores were higher as acne severity increased. Conclusion: Stress reduction seems to be important in medical student to reduce acne prevalence. Short height was found to be associated with acne in our study group, and this could be investigated in future studies.

Adult Acne: Its Response to Therapy

Abstract Background: Although acne is principally a disorder of adolescence, the prevalence of adult acne is increasing. Adult acne has been defined as presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Various studies have shown that a significant percentage of adult women with acne failed to respond to treatment with systemic antibiotics and isotretinoin which indicates a need for treatment alternatives with improved effectiveness and acceptable side effects for resistant acne. Aim: This study aims to study the response of oral antibiotic therapy and oral hormonal therapy in Adult Acne. Objective: The objective of the study is to examine the response of oral antibiotic and oral hormonal therapy along with their side effects in cases diagnosed with adult acne. Material and Methods: (i) Study design: Interventional study, (ii) Basis of adequate sample size: All patients diagnosed with adult acne will be considered for study. Seventy-two adult female patients presenting with acne fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criterias were enrolled for the study. (iii) Sampling frame and method: Written informed consent will be obtained and identity of the participants will be kept confidential. Sequential photographs will be taken after patient’s consent to check the response rate. Data will be analyzed using ‘Friedman test”. Result: Based on the results of our study, it can be concluded that although both antibiotics and hormonal therapy improved acne lesions, but results were statistically significant with hormonal therapy as compared to antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Both antibiotic and hormonal therapies are safe and effective options for treating adult acne. All patients of adult acne may not have an underlying hormonal imbalance or hyperandrogenism, thus the role of oral antibiotics in the treatment should not be underestimated.

Роль кожного синдрома в диагностике заболеваний печени

The article reveals the high importance of taking into account the presence of skin changes when diagnosing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The following recommendations are given to practicing doctors: 1) for persons with rosacea, vulgar psoriasis and acne, comprehensive management by dermatologists-cosmetologists and gastroenterologists-hepatologists is advisable; 2) for early detection of NAFLD, the first contact physician is recommended to pay attention to the patient's presence of acne, rosacea and psoriatic changes, which can serve as a “marker of susceptibility” to NAFLD and should be taken into account in the process of early diagnosis of NAFLD.

Treatment of acne in the aesthetic patient: A round table update.

The popularity of social media appears to be increasing the acceptance of cosmetic treatments, prompting more consumers to seek cosmetic treatments. As the estimated prevalence of acne vulgaris among adult women may be as high as 54%, acne is commonly observed among patients presenting for cosmetic treatments. Concomitant treatment of acne in the aesthetic patient population will improve overall clinical outcomes. The goal of this work was to deliver a high-quality ethical and evidence-based educational program to physicians and adjunctive health care providers to advance patient care. This paper is based on a webcam presentation with roundtable discussion by several notable experts in their field. A range of topical medications, injectable products, chemical peels, and energy-based devices are available for treating acne vulgaris. In most instances, these are compatible with rejuvenation procedures in the aesthetic patient. The growth of social media is raising awareness of aesthetic procedures and appears to be increasing the number of patients seeking aesthetic treatment. Educating patients about the importance of treating acne vulgaris can improve overall treatment outcomes. In most instances, the presence of acne is not a barrier to aesthetic care.

Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin.

The composition of the skin microbiome varies from infancy to adulthood and becomes most stable in adulthood. Adult acne patients harbour an 'acne microbiome' dominated by specific strains of Cutibacterium acnes. However, the precise timing of skin microbiome evolution, the development of the acne microbiome, and the shift to virulent C.acnes strain composition during puberty is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional pilot study in a paediatric population to understand how and when the skin microbiome composition transitions during puberty and whether a distinct 'acne microbiome' emerges in paediatric subjects. Forty-eight volunteers including males and females, ages 7-17 years, with and without acne were enrolled and evaluated for pubertal development using the Tanner staging criteria. Sebum levels were measured, and skin microbiota were collected by sterile swab on the subject's forehead. DNA was sequenced by whole genome shotgun sequencing. A significant shift in microbial diversity emerged between early (T1-T2) and late (T3-T5) stages of puberty, coinciding with increased sebum production on the face. The overall relative abundance of C.acnes in both normal and acne skin increased during puberty and individual C.acnes strains were uniquely affected by pubertal stage and the presence of acne. Further, an acne microbiome signature associated with unique C.acnes strain composition and metabolic activity emerges in late puberty in those with acne. This unique C.acnes strain composition is predicted to have increased porphyrin production, which may contribute to skin inflammation. Our data suggest that the stage of pubertal development influences skin microbiome composition. As children mature, a distinct acne microbiome composition emerges in those with acne. Understanding how both puberty and acne influence the microbiome may support novel therapeutic strategies to combat acne in the paediatric population.

ADULT ACNE: ITS CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES

Although acne is principally a disorder of adolescence, the prevalence of adult acne is increasing. Adult acne has been dened as the presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Acne in adult women may have different clinical features i.e., more involvement of lower face, association with hair loss, premenstrual are, signs and symptoms of insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias. Various studies have shown that a signicant percentage of adult women with acne failed to respond to treatment with systemic antibiotics and isotretinoin which indicates a need for treatment alternatives with improved effectiveness and acceptable side effects for resistant acne. This study aims to study the different clinicoepidemiological features of adult acne.

Risk factors of severe acne vulgaris: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Severe forms of acne vulgaris are accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the quality of life and lead to scarring. Early and effective acne therapy is the prevention of the formation of persistent cosmetic defects.Aim. To identify risk factors and predictors for the development of severe forms of acne vulgaris.Materials and methods. Article searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials over the period from 15 years to 10/25/2021 for the keywords ‘severe acne’, ‘predictors’ and ‘risk factors’. A meta-analysis was prepared using the Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4.1), The Cochrane Collaboration (2020) in line with international guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyzes (PRISMA).Results. 38 publications were included in the review. Risk factors for the development of severe forms of acne vulgaris can be divided into nonmodifable (presence of acne in close relatives, male gender, oily skin type, changes in genes) and modifable (increased BMI, consumption of dairy products, Fast digesting carbohydrates, etc.) In the meta-analysis, a statistically signifcant increase in the risk of severe forms of acne vulgaris in the presence of a history of acne in a close family member was found to be 2.54 times (95 % CI [1.63, 3.91]). It was also found that men have a higher risk of developing severe forms than women (1.16 times {95 % CI [1.04, 1.30]}). People with a BMI higher than 25 (2.54 times {95 % CI [1.63, 3.91]}) and those who consume dairy products 1.59 times more often than three times a week (95 % CI [1.37, 1.85]).Conclusion. Understanding the main risk factors for the development of deep forms of acne vulgaris will help to suspect a severe course of the disease in the early stages and to prescribe effective therapy in time. Male gender, family history, elevated BMI, and dairy consumption suggest a high likelihood of early development of severe acne.

Prevalence and risk factors of acne among adolescents in Kosovska Mitrovica: A cross-sectional study

Background/Aim: Acne can occur in people of all ages, but mostly affects the population at puberty. Given the high prevalence and large impact that acne has on young people, the aim of this study was to assess adolescents' knowledge about factors that improve or worsen the clinical picture of acne, as well as to evaluate the sources used to obtain information on acne. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 460 high school pupils from the Medical School and Gymnasium in Kosovska Mitrovica. A self-administrated questionnaire was used. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to model the association between gender (males/females) or presence of acne (no/yes) and potential exacerbating and ameliorating factors, as well as sources of information. Results: 36.7 % of the respondents were male and 63.3 % were female. 48.9 % of high school pupils confirmed that they had acne. The main factors that worsen the condition of acne, were irregular face washing (88.7 %), hormones (87.0 %), fatty foods (80.9 %) and sweets (79.3 %). The majority of respondents believed that the intake of more water (83.9 %), cosmetic treatment (77.8 %), dietary changes (75.9 %), holiday (54.1 %) and sunbathing (39.3 %) affect improving acne. Taking more water (OR = 1.77; 95 % CI = 1.01-3.11) as a factor in improving acne was significantly more common in girls, while boys more often believed that sunbathing (OR = 0.62; 95 % CI = 0.41-0.94) and weight loss (OR = 0.53; 95 % CI = 0.32-0.88) affect the improvement of acne. The most important sources of information about acne were the Internet (73.0 %) followed by parents (62.6 %), friends (54.1 %), and a doctor (42.8 %). Conclusion: Acne was more common in women and those with a positive family history. The presence of misconceptions among young people regarding the factors that improve or worsen the condition of acne indicates the need for additional education.

An Overview on Adult Acne, Its Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, Treatment and Scope in Homoeopathy

AbstractAdult acne is defined as a presence of acne beyond the age of 25 years. Two main subtypes can be identified: persistent acne and late-onset acne (beginning after the age of 25 years), which are responsible for 80 and 20% of cases, respectively. Women have a high prevalence and incidence when compared with men. Hyperandrogenism is the main aetiology associated with acne in this age group. Stress-related worsening of acne is a common complaint. Due to the visibility of acne, it is known to have psychosocial impact that can influence person's perceptions regarding their self-appearance, resulting in poor quality of life. Adult acne is often refractory to treatment as older skin presents increased irritancy to topical applications and has potential for bacterial resistance. Treatment failures with antibiotics occur in up to 80% of adult women. Antiandrogens are associated with the risk of feminisation of male foetus, hepatotoxicity, hyperkalaemia etc. Isotretinoin which is given in severe cases is proved to be potent teratogen. In this backdrop, there has been a need for gentle and effective way of treatment, and homoeopathy has the answer. Homoeopathy has a holistic approach having the general acceptance and compliance amongst masses; it has been considered safe in pregnancy and during lactation period. Further, no bacterial resistance develops after prolonged use of homoeopathic medicines. Earlier studies conducted signify the action of homoeopathic medicines in the treatment of adolescent acne with effective results. Not many studies have focused or conducted on the adult acne. This review suggests conducting the future research studies on adult acne through homoeopathic medicine.

Antioxidant status in relation to heavy metals induced oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a global health concern for women of reproductive age, as 6.5% of women worldwide are affected by this syndrome. PCOS is marked by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, menstrual abnormalities, and polycystic ovaries. Metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury are considered to be systemic toxicants/human carcinogens and seem to have devastating effects on humans, even at minimal exposures. One of the probable aetiological factors for PCOS has been identified as oxidative stress. In view of the probable associations among oxidative stress, metal toxicity and PCOS, the present study examined the role of heavy metals in the generation of oxidative stress among females. This prospective study included 106 women (56 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 women who were not diagnosed with PCOS as control women). There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the two groups except for the irregularity of menses and the presence of acne. The serum As, Cd, Pb, and Hg levels increased and the serum glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels diminished significantly in the PCOS group compared to the control group at P < 0.001. The SOD levels were negatively correlated with the As and Pb levels at P < 0.05. Additionally, the PCOS group exhibited a strong negative correlation between the GSH and As levels (P < 0.01), GSH and Pb levels (P < 0.05) and GSH and Hg levels (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the As levels were positively correlated with increased levels of Cd, Pb and Hg among PCOS women. Significant positive correlations were observed between Pb and Cd and between Cd and Hg at P < 0.001. The outcome of the study provides clear insight into the role of metal-induced oxidative stress, which plays a vital role in the pathophysiology underlying PCOS and suggests the use of these markers as prognostic tools to reduce the consequences of high-risk exposure to these metals among females.

Effects of metformin on polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Background and objectives: Metformin improves manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by reducing insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to determine how metformin, in combination with lifestyle changes, affects the clinical manifestations of PCOS.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Patients with PCOS attending the outpatient of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled in the study. Revised Rotterdam Consensus 2003 criteria were used to diagnose cases of PCOS. Clinical information, anthropometric measurement, serum progesterone and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) of each subject were recorded in a prescribed data sheet at baseline and after a period of nine months. Randomized placebo controlled double blind design was used to assign participants in respective groups. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 9-month course of either metformin (1500 mg/day) or placebo. Both groups were advised regarding schedule of lifestyle modification. Outcome variables were clinical manifestations related to metabolic, reproductive and androgenic status of PCOS.&#x0D; Results: Out of 80 enrolled PCOS cases, 49 completed the study (metformin=26, placebo=23). The mean age of the study participants of metformin and placebo groups was 23.52±5.18 and 22.09±3.58 years respectively (p=0.262). Menstrual cycle significantly improved in both the study groups (before vs. after - metformin: 19.2% vs. 76.9%, p=0.003; placebo: 19.2% vs. 47.8%, p=0.02) after 9 months, but compared to placebo group no such significant (p=0.12) improvement occurred in metformin group. Severity of hirsutism, presence of acne, serum progesterone level and ovulatory status improved significantly in both groups after completion of the study. Except acanthosis nigricans, other metabolic manifestations did not significantly improve in metformin compared to placebo group after the intervention. While comparing the percentage changes, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) reduced significantly in metformin than placebo group (BMI in kg/m2- metformin vs. placebo: -3.63±8.22 vs. +1.42±6.67, p= 0.024; WC in cm - 2.81±7.74 vs. +1.68±7.89, p= 0.05). No significant adverse event was observed in metformin group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Metformin, in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, has favorable impacts on clinical manifestations of PCOS.&#x0D; Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2021; 15(2): 1-12

27469 Accuracy of self-reported acne severity in a small study of 16 adolescents

As telehealth and remote dermatology use increases, more research into patient self-reporting of acne should be conducted to verify the accuracy of patient reporting in the absence of a satisfactory physical exam. We sought to identify whether patient perceptions aligned with validated acne severity grading systems in an adolescent population. In an IRB approved study of 16 adolescents aged 12-17 with and without acne, we asked participants whether they perceived they had acne on their face, and if yes to grade their acne as mild, moderate, or severe. Participants were asked whether were previously diagnosed with acne by a doctor. Dermatologists then graded subjects' facial acne using the Physicians Global Assessment (PGA) and Leeds Severity photographic scale. Of all subjects, 43.8% (n = 7) had a Leeds score > 1, indicating the presence of acne. 85.7% (6/7) of those with confirmed acne accurately answered “yes” when asked if they had acne. Self-reported severity grades corresponded to their PGA scores for 71.4% (5/7) of subjects with acne. Interestingly, 4 of those had previously been diagnosed by a physician as having acne. Of the remaining 9 non-acne subjects (Leeds = 1), 4 out of 9 incorrectly self-reported acne, though all 4 graded their acne as mild. Overall, in this small pilot study, the majority of subjects with acne were able to correctly identify the presence and severity of their acne, while subjects without acne were less likely to report clear skin. Prior discussion of acne with a doctor may increase the accuracy of self-reporting.

Adolescents' beliefs and perceptions of acne vulgaris: A cross-sectional study in Montenegrin schoolchildren.

BackgroundAcne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in adolescent and early adult years. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived beliefs of Montenegrin secondary school pupils regarding the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey of the pupils was conducted during October and November 2020 in four randomly selected public secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. All 500 pupils were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions on age, sex, presence of acne, perceived acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, and sources of their information about acne.ResultsA total of 500 pupils, 234 (46.8%) boys, and 266 (53.2%) girls, aged 14−17 years, participated in the study. Acne was self-reported in 249 (49.8%) pupils, whereas 251 (50.2%) did not report acne. Factors most often believed to aggravate acne were inadequate face washing (85.0%), hormones (84.0%), sweets (82.0%), greasy food (72.6%), makeup (71.2%), and stress (67.8%). Overall the most prevalent acne ameliorating factors were cosmetic treatment (80.4%), increased water consumption (77.6%), a diet change to a healthier food choice (77.4%), and being on school holidays (62.2%). Girls reported more frequently that genetics, stress, sweets consumption, inadequate face wash, and makeup are acne exacerbating factors, whilst cosmetic treatment, increased water consumption, smoking, and being on school holidays are acne ameliorating factors. Boys more frequently considered the benefit of losing weight. There was no statistically significant difference between pupils with and without acne in perceived factors, except for cosmetic treatment. Those with acne more frequently believed in the benefits of cosmetic treatment.ConclusionsMany adolescents’ self-perceived beliefs about factors that aggravate and ameliorate acne are myths and misconceptions without evidence-based justification. More efforts are needed to educate pupils about the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, its health-related consequences, and the treatment possibilities.

Quality of life in Montenegrin pupils with acne.

BackgroundAcne is a common skin disease that can affect a person’s quality of life (QoL), self-esteem, and mood in an adverse manner. The aim of the current study was to assess QoL among Montenegrin pupils with acne.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted over October and November 2020 in four randomly selected secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. All 500 pupils were asked to fill in a short questionnaire which included questions on age, sex, presence of acne, and for those with acne their duration and location, visits to doctors, presence of any other coexisting skin disease, and family history of acne. Only pupils who self-reported acne were asked to complete the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) and the Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI).ResultsSelf reported acne were presented in 49.8% (249/500) of all pupils. The mean CDLQI score of the total sample was 4.27 ± 5.13. Overall, the CDLQI domains that were most affected by acne were symptoms and feelings (mean score 1.49 ± 1.43), leisure (mean score 0.94 ± 1.72), and treatment (0.66 ± 0.79). The mean total CADI score was 3.53 ± 3.11 which was higher in girls (4.07 ± 3.11) than in boys (2.90 ± 3.00). There was good correlation between the two questionnaires (Rho = 0.76; P < 0.01). According to multiple linear regressions, higher overall CDLQI score was found in pupils with acne who reported other skin diseases, while girls, pupils who reported both acne on face and back, and who had any concomitant skin disease had higher CADI total score.ConclusionsAcne affects QoL of young adolescents in Montenegro with greater impact in girls. Our findings should point out the importance of timely diagnosis, treatment, and education of adolescents with acne.

Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review.

Whey protein comprises soluble whey proteins and its benefits are well described in the literature. However, there are not many studies investigating the potential adverse effect of a diet with indiscriminate use of this supplement. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that addressed this theme. A search was conducted in Medline, LILACS, TOXNET, Web of science, and Scopus electronic databases. In the end, 11 documents comprised this review. The majority of the papers associated the damaging effect with the chronic and abusive use of whey protein, with the kidneys and liver being the main organs affected. The other studies related whey protein to aggravation of aggression, presence of acne, and modification of the microbiota. Therefore, excessive consumption over a long period of protein supplementation may have some adverse effects on the body, which is aggravated when associated with sedentary lifestyle. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020140466. Novelty: A systematic review of experimental and randomized studies about the use of whey proteins supplements and its impact on physical health. Analysis revealed that chronic and without professional guidance use of whey protein supplementation may cause some adverse effects specially on kidney and liver function. Presented data support a need for future studies co-relating the use of different types of whey protein with and without exercise to better see the impact on human physical health.

Frequency of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among the Students of a Medical College in Dhaka City

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous endocrine disorder. Only few data are available in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of PCOS among the students of a medical college in Dhaka city. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross sectional study was done among the 3rd to 5th year students of Ibrahim Medical College. We used Rotterdam criteria (Revised 2003) for diagnosis of PCOS. After taking written consent, a detailed history including menstrual history was taken. Anthropometric measurements including height in cm, weight in kg, waist circumference (WC) were measured. We assessed hyperandrogenism (H) clinically by hirsutism using a modified Ferriman-Gallway (mFG) method. The presence of acne and acanthosis nigricans was also noted. For biochemical hyperandrogenism we did total testosterone estimation. Blood samples was collected between 08.00 and 10.00 am on Days 2-7 of a spontaneous bleeding episode or randomly in the case of amenorrhea after an overnight fast. The circulating levels of total testosterone, levels were measured by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (Advia Centaur XPTM). Transabdominal USG (Aloka F37) was done by expert radiologist of department of Radiology, BIRDEM. PCOS group was categorized in 4 different phenotypes based on the presence of oligo-anovulation (O), hyperandrogenism (H) and polycystic ovarian morphology (P) : (i) Phenotype A (O+ H+ P), (ii) Phenotype B (O+H), (iii) Phenotype C (H+P) and (iv) Phenotype D (O+P). Results: Out of 73 girls 27(37%) satisfied Rotterdam’s criteria for PCOS. Phenotype B was more common 16(59.3%) followed by A 5(18.5%) then C 3(11.1%) and D 3(11.1%). Hirsutism was found in 24 (88.8%) girls, menstrual disturbance was also present among 24 (88.8%) girls, serum testosterone was elevated in 6(22.2%) girls, 11(40.7%) had USG findings of polycystic ovaries. The mean BMI (24.70 + 3.7) was significantly high (BMI &gt; 23 kg/ m2) among those who had PCOS (59.86%). Acne &amp; acanthosis nigricans was observed 15(55.6%) &amp; 6(22.2%) girls among PCOS respectively which were not statistically significant. Hypothyroidism was observed 7(25.9%) girls with PCOS. Associated family history of DM found in 21(77.8%) girls with PCOS. Family history of PCOS was present in 7(25.9%) girls in PCOS group. The difference were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) between two groups. Conclusion: Prevalence of PCOS is 37%, which demonstrates that PCOS is an emerging disorder. This draws attention to the issue of early diagnosis, which could provide opportunity to target the group to prevent future morbidities.

Risk of psychological burden in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case control study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundWhile increased risk of psychiatric burden in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is reported in the literature, there is dearth of reports from Saudi Arabia on occurrence of psychological burden in women with PCOS. This study aimed to compare the sociodemographic and clinical features of PCOS cases with non-PCOS control and explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in PCOS and non-PCOS women. Materials and MethodsThis is a case–control study carried out in PSMMC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from March 2019 to June 2019. Samples were recruited by convenience sampling and simple random method in PCOS cases (82) and control group (85), respectively. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure the presence of psychological burden. ResultsHigh percentage of participants were in an age group of 26–35 years (51%) and university educated (64%). Significantly (P = 0.001) high proportion of PCOS cases found with irregular menses, hirsutism, infertility and presence of acne (P = 0.001) when compared to control group. The odds of developing depression (P = 0.006), anxiety (P = 0.028) and stress (P = 0.000) was significantly higher in PCOS cases compared to control participants. Further, among the three parameters, the occurrence of stress (odds ratio, OR=10.45) in women with PCOS was more common than depression (OR=2.675) and anxiety (OR=2.056). LimitationsRecall bias and inclusion of only one hospital. ConclusionIn conclusion, most of the PCOS cases had stress, depression and anxiety compared to control group. Meeting the psychological need of the PCOS women will help in improving their quality of life.

Acné en alumnos de medicina humana y sus factores asociados

Introducción: El acné es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la unidad pilosebácea de origen multifactorial presente en cara, espalda y pecho. En este estudio quisimos conocer cuál era la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la presencia de acné en los estudiantes de medicina.&#x0D; Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, en alumnos de 1° a 5° año de la escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Se consideró un IC de 95% con un alfa de 0,05 y una potencia de 80% con una beta igual a 0,20.&#x0D; Resultados: La media de la edad fue de 22,31 + 3,22 años. El consumo de frutas obtuvo significancia (p=0,04; OR=6,09) como factor protector. La ansiedad no fue significativa (p=0,59; OR=1,34), asi como el estado nutricional (p=0,57; OR=1,14) y el consumo de suplemento vitamínico B (p=0,35; OR=0,56). Se encontró significancia en la herencia biológica (p=0,01; OR=3,74 con rango inferior=10,61 y rango superior=1,31).&#x0D; Conclusiones: El consumo frecuente de frutas demostró actuar como factor protector en el desarrollo de acné; además, se concluye también que la herencia biológica juega un papel importante en el mismo.

A clinicoepidemiological study of adult acne

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of pilosebaceous unit. Adult acne is defined as presence of acne after the age of 25 years. Though acne vulgaris has been studied extensively, there is paucity of literature on adult acne.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 150 patients with adult acne were enrolled in the study. A detailed history was taken followed by detailed dermatological examination. Ultrasonography abdomen and pelvis, hormonal evaluation was done in case of women with symptoms and signs of hyperandrogenism.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Out of 150 patients studied, majority (61.3%) were in the age group of 26-30 years. The mean age of patients with adult acne was 30.1 years. Females (86%) outnumbered males. Majority of the patients (53.3%) had persistent adult acne and 46.7% had late onset acne. Exposure to sunlight (24%) was the most common aggravating factor followed by use of cosmetics in 19.3%. Menstruation was causing flare up of acne in 72 (55.8%) female patients. Face was involved in all the patients. Cheek was the most common site involved followed by forehead. Post acne scarring was present in 46.6% of the patients. Majority of the patients (67.3%) had grade 2 acne. Symptoms and signs of hyperandrogenism were present in 14 female patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Adult acne is more common in females. Persistent acne is more common than late onset acne. Patients with persistent adult acne are more prone to develop nodulocystic acne and acne scars.&lt;/p&gt;